〈장화홍련전〉과〈李玉英獄中訟寃〉의 比較硏究

張延鎬(Zhang Yan-Gao) 한국문학회 2007 韓國文學論叢 Vol.46 No.-

  〈Janghwa and Hongnyun〉and 〈Liyuying"s Grievances in prison>, which tell the story of contradictions between stepmother and ex-wife"s children and the settlement process, are both excellent masterpieces of lawsuit novels in Korean and Chinese fiction history. In this paper, the correlation of structural features, characters and figures motivations have been studied.<BR>  The general construction of 〈Janghwa and Hongnyun〉is "birth→suffering→death→ghost of grievances redress→settlement→happy ending", and as for 〈Liyuying"s Grievances in prison>, it turns out to be "into poetry, into remarks, into words→birth→suffering→ex-death of wife"s son→Yuying"s redress→settlement". The deep structure of the former is romantic comedy, while the latter is the realism.<BR>  In these two novels, the families are unable to do their duties. They described narrow people who love ex-wife"s child only, and the people causing and deepening the contradictions between family members. Victims ex-wife"s children are filial characters. When the event happens, they are not obedient any more, fighting with their stepmothers. The characters of stepmothers are both bad woman with lots of jealousy. The motive is the economic desire to obtain the property of ex-husband for their child. In the settlement of the event, the King, who"s the highest in the country, knew the truth, and made the last judgment. The motive of the judgment is to set up the right family ethics and correct the behavior of stepmothers.<BR>  In a word, these two novels show us the features and similar figures of lawsuit novels which deal with the contradictions between stepmother and ex-wife"s children and the settlement process.

『太平廣記』의 한국 傳來와 影響

장연호(Zhang Yan-Gao) 한국문학회 2005 韓國文學論叢 Vol.39 No.-

Tai Ping Guang Ji, a set of books in 500 volume, were published in August, A.D.977, which was then the 2nd year of TaiZong's regime in Chinese Song dynasty. The books were published under the editorial administration of Li Fang, and is one of representative classic literature works in China, which collected the ancient Chinese tales and stories till the begging of Song dynasty. After publishing, it has been widely spread and read by literary men and ordinary merchants as well. During that time, as an envoy from Koryŏ dynasty, Park In-yang, who visited North Song several times, might had read this set of books. It might not be difficult for him to get a set of the books from his friends in China(Song). From the letters and poems he sent to Chang Zhong, a famous Chinese scholar of that time, we also can see that he had already read these books and know about the content well enough even in Koryŏ . During that period, culture and documents exchanges between Song and Koryŏ dynasties were quite popular, and many Koryŏ envoys could contact with Song's literary men directly when they visited Song. So it can be estimated that this set of books might have been introduced to Korea before A.D.1080. The Koryŏ mighty have accept the set of works quite actively, and it might not only interested Koryŏ readers quite well, but also became a kinds of stimulations for Korea writers. The introduction of Tai Ping Guang Ji to Koryŏ might have greatly affected the legendary literature of Koryŏ and it also used to be a good resource for Koryŏ writers on their work. Tai Ping Guang Ji not only affected ancient Korean literature on saga novels and personification novels, but also on lawsuit literature. On the basis of such a situation, we can see that Korean ancient literature were so developed that some of Korean lawsuit literatures were even superior to that of Tai Ping Guang Ji.

朝鮮時代 訟事小說의 判官 形象 硏究

장연호(Zhang Yan Gao) 한국문학회 2014 韓國文學論叢 Vol.67 No.-

이 논문은 조선시대 訟事小說에 등장하는 王의 판관역할 및 판결에서 나타난 왕의 治國 이념, 판결동기를 살펴보고, 伸寃型, 敎化型, 冤抑型 訟事小說에 등장하는 判官의 형상을 살펴본 글이다. 조선시대 訟事小說에서 왕이 판관 역할을 담당하는 경우가 있는데 이는 國法이 곧 王法이라는 法觀念의 體現이다. 조선시대 王의 指示가 경우에 따라서는 법률이 되고, 또는 판결이 되었던 것이다. 王의 판결에서 그 시대 통치자들의 主流적인 治國경향을 알 수 있는데, 조선시대에는 주로 德治主義, 禮治主義를 治國理念으로 받아들였음을 알 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 왕은 판결에서 動機를 중요시했고,'동기가 선하면 刑을 면제해 준다'(志善者免)는 '仁者의 刑罰'의식이 선명하게 표출되고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 惡을 응징함으로써 儒敎의 人倫道德과 禮가 충만한 세상을 만들려고 했던 王의 노력을 알 수 있었던 것이다. 伸寃型 訟事小說에서는 判官이 정의로운 인물, 공정한 인물, 膽略과 智略이 뛰어난 인물로 부각되고 있는 것이 특징이면서도, 사건 審理 과정에서 判官들은 증거확보를 위한 노력, 과학적이고 합리적인 수사 방법의 결여를 보여주기도 한다. 敎化型 訟事小說에서는 판관을'敎化派'에 속하는 인물로 刻印시키고,“仁愛”精神에 입각하여 人倫․道德을 고취하게 함으로써, 敎化를 충실히 실천해 사랑과 孝가 넘치는 사회를 만들려고 하는 인물로 부각시킨 것이 특징적이다. 冤抑型 訟事小說에서는 부패 무능한 판관의 형상을 부각시키고 있으며, 이들은 모두 재산과 관련된 송사를 맡은 판관으로서 법집행자로서의 자질을 갖추지 못한 자들이며, 정의감이 결여된 자들이고, 뇌물에 눈이 어두운 자들이다. 이러한 판관 형상을 통해 그 시대 지방 관리들의 무식함, 法意識과 法知識의 결여를 알 수 있고, 부패한 관리들의 뇌물수수의 진상을 알 수 있다. Focusing on King's idea of ruling a nation and the motive of judgment in lawsuit novels of Joseon Dynasty, this paper looks into judges' image in such types of lawsuits novels as vengeance ending, reformation ending and injustice ending. The fact that sometimes the King took charge of a judge in lawsuit novels of Joseon Dynasty is the embodiment of the law concept that the national law is just the kings law. In Joseon Dynasty, according to circumstances the king's order could be the law and the judgment. Through the King's judgment we can see the main idea of ruling a nation of sovereign in that dynasty, and in Joseon Dynasty they preferred virtuous leadership. Besides that, the King considered the motive as being more important than others in a judgment. The consciousness that if the motive was kind, then the punishment can be avoided showed the idea of the punishment of benevolent people. And through the punishment of evil, people can know King's efforts to make a world full of ethics, morality and manners of Confucianism. In lawsuit novels of vengeance ending, judges' image was magnified as a righteous, fair and extraordinary character. But during the judgment of cases, judges' lack of security of evidence and scientific and sensible methods of criminal investigation also havebeen shown. In lawsuit novels of reformation ending novels, judges' image was magnified as reformation. The characters magnified are people based on kind love, through instilling ethics and morality to reform others faithfully and to make a society full of filial piety. In lawsuit novels of injustice ending, judges' image was magnified as corruption and incompetence. Those judges who took on lawsuits in regard to property were actually not qualified as the legal executor with no sense of justice and were overruled by bribe. Through those images of judges, we can see the ignorance of local government official, the absence of legal consciousness and legal knowledge, and the fact of corrupt officials' accepting bribe in that dynasty.

中,韓訟事小說形成背景比較硏究

장연호 ( Zhang Yan Gao ) 한민족문화학회 2014 한민족문화연구 Vol.46 No.-

본고는 中ㆍ韓 訟事小說의 形成背景에 대하여, 法制的 背景, 社會的 背 景, 訟事小說의 제재적 근원을 중심으로 그 상관관계를 개괄적으로 살펴 본 글이다. 중국은 朝代마다 法律를 제정했고, 자기의 法體系를 자기고 있었다. 한국은 고려시대 唐律을 적용했고, 조선시대에는 大明律을 받아들여 시행했다. 하지만 사실상, 중국은 法家의 法治主義에 따른 嚴罰을 실행했고, 한 국은 儒敎의 德治主義를 실천하고자 했다. 중국 訟事小說에 중형(死刑)이 많은 것도 이 때문이며, 한국 訟事小說에 刑罰보다도 德과 禮를 강조하는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타나는 것도 이 때문이다. 法觀念에 있어서 國法은 곧 王法이라는 觀念이 皇帝와 王의 판결을 통해 반영되고 있으며, 조선시대 왕의 판결을 통해서는 德治主義 主流적인 경향을 보여주고 있다. 문학은 사회생활의 반영인 만큼, 사회생활에서 발생되는 사회적 갈등 과 여러 가지 訟事事件들이 訟事小說에 그대로 反映된다. 명나라시대 訟 事小說은 도시에서 발생된 사건들을 많이 다루고 있고, 조선시대 訟事小說은 고을이나 향촌사회에서 벌어진 사건들을 많이 다루고 있다. 이는 중 국이 그 당시 도시화가 가속화되고, 인간관계가 복잡해지면서 많은 사건들이 발생했음을 보여주고 있고, 조선은 향촌사회에서 발생되는 사건들 이 그만큼 심각했음을 보여주고 있다. 중국 訟事小說에서 包拯이나 狄仁杰 같은 인물들이 청렴함과 기지와 재능을 겸비한 인물로 묘사되고 있기는 하지만, 다른 면에서는 비현실적 인 超能力者로 묘사되고 있어서 현실과는 거리가 먼 신격화된 인물의 이 미지를 보이고 있다. 하지만 한국 訟事小說은 신격화된 인물보다도 박문수와 같은 현실에 있을 수 있는 인물을 부각시킴으로써 현실감과 친근감을 주고 있다. 중국 송사실사나 訟事說話는 題材가 다양하고 풍성하며, 오랜 시간적 간격을 두고 대를 이어 전승되어 왔다. 한국 訟事小說은 前代의 송사실사 나 訟事說話를 전승한 것이 없기는 하지만 조선시대 사회현실을 생동하게 보여줌으로써 작가들의 現實主義 창작의도를 엿볼 수 있다. Focusing on legal background, social background and literature background, this paper looks into the relationship between the background of Chinese lawsuit novels and South Korean lawsuit novels. There were legal systems in every dynasty in Chinese history. In South Korea, “Tang System” was applied in Koryo Period and “DaMing System” was applied in the JOseon Dynasty period. Infact, China adopted “strictpenalty” based on legalism while South Korea favored clemency based on Confucianism. Because of this, there were many death penalties in Chinese lawsuit novels but more Confucian education in South Korean lawsuit novels. The idea of “the King is the Law” was deeply rooted and vividly revealed by emperors’ or kings’ judgments on the lawsuits in many Chinese lawsuit novels. Literature is the reflection of social life. Lawsuit novels describe all kinds of social conflicts and legal cases. Lawsuit novels of Ming Dynasty dealtwith the cases in cities while lawsuits novels of the Joseon Dynasty dealt with many cases in countryside. It proves that at that time, as the urbanization accelerated in China, human relations became more and more complicated, there were many lawsuit cases, but in the Joseon Dynasty period lawsuit cases in rural community were serious. Chinese lawsuit novels get subjects from law reports and case collections of previous generation and advocate people like “Bao Zheng” and “Di Ren Jie” as their heroes. But persons with supernatural powers were deified as far away from reality. while this is not the case in South Korean lawsuit novels. Korean lawsuit novels describes characters like “Park, Moon-Su”, who can exist in reality, with the sense of reality and closeness. Chinese lawsuit novels are rich in subjects and describe a wide variety of cases and get subjects from law reports and cases collected from the previous generation. Korean lawsuit novels describes reality of society in the Joseon Dynasty, and the purpose of writing is realism.