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산업단지 등의 폐기물 처리시설 설치 의무화 기준 설정 연구
주현수,박경환,임오정 한국환경연구원 2015 수시연구보고서 Vol.2015 No.-
The rate of waste generated from industrial complexes has increased dramatically, and it takes up to 87% of the total waste generated nationally. Due to the fact that the importance of waste treatment within the industrial complexes has been more widely accepted, the amount of waste disposed of at landfills has declined more than 50% in the last 20 years, from 60.4% in 1994 to 8.8% in 2012. As a result, landfills are facing difficulties in running the sites because of the lack of wastes received. Moreover, installation of waste treatment facilities is not easy because of the residents’ opposition to building landfills, despite them being a part of essential infrastructure. Thus, this study is conducted with the purpose that prepares appropriate mandatory installation criteria for installation and operation of waste treatment facilities. So this study investigates related legislations to provide proper standards for waste treatment facilities in industrial complexes, factories, tourist facility complexes, etc. and analyzes transition of wastes in operating industrial complexes. The result shows that the amount of waste generated from individual industrial complex greatly differs by year, and the amount generated largely depends on the characteristics of the industrial complex. The correlation coefficient between the amount of waste generated and the actual industrial area was found to be comparatively higher than when compared with the total site area. Of 263 tourist attraction sites in operation, the sites which are subject to the legal requirement of installing waste treatment facility were investigated for their installations and the amount of waste treated at the waste treatment facilities. The result shows that there is a low correlation between the area and the amount of waste generated. However, securing statistics data on waste from the tourist attraction sites proved to be difficult because they also dispose wastes in connection with local governments as municipal waste, and they were slightly uneasy in sharing the data on the actual amount of waste generated. In order to investigate the properties of the waste generated, wastes from a handful of tourist attraction sites were analyzed, and it revealed that most were organic wastes such as organic sludge, food, municipal waste, grass, etc. Reviewing the method for estimating the total amount of waste generated from a site as part of the environmental impact assessment of the industrial complex indicated that the deviation between basic unit and actual quantity is severe, and this resulted in calculating the quantity through adjustment or revision. Thus, to reduce the difference between the actual amount of waste generated and the estimated quantity as part of the environmental impact assessment and to review the feasibility of installing waste treatment facility, it is urgent to prepare guidelines for calculating the amount of waste generated as part of the environmental impact assessment for industrial complexes, factories and tourist attraction sites. It may be necessary to consider including measures in regulations that allow landfills in industrial complexes to take in wastes from other industrial complexes to take into account the uncertainty of the total amount of waste generated and the annual variation in quantity. Also, to relieve the burden on industry, the criteria on waste quantity should be set at 20,000 tons/year, and the current area standard should change from total composition area to more than 300,000 m2 based on the actual industrial area.