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김희영 ( Hee-young Kim ),정희진 ( Hee-jin Jung ),유재정 ( Jae-jung Yoo ),임태효 ( Tae-hyo Lim ),임영경 ( Young-kyong Lim ),오정은 ( Jeong-eun Oh ) 한국환경분석학회 2016 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.19 No.1
In this study, eight pesticides belonging to the groups of carbamates, phenoxy-acids, heterocyclics were analyzed to identify their concentrations and distribution patterns at various sampling locations (20 sites) in the Nakdong River basin during various sampling periods (May, July, September, and November 2012). Among the eight pesticides, carbofuran showed the highest mean concentration (0.0335 μg/L), followed by methomyl (0.0138 μg/L) and quinoline (0.0070 μg/L), while aldicarb and molinate were observed below the method detection limit (MDL). Quinoline was the most frequently detected pesticide with a detection frequency of 85- 100% in all the sampling periods. The concentration levels and the detection frequencies of the pesticides seemed to be related with the pesticides’ shipment/production. Among the four sampling periods, September showed the highest mean and median concentrations, although the differences were not statistically significant. The concentration levels were higher in the midstream area than the up and downstream areas of the Nakdong River, because a number of potential contamination pathways such as wastewater treatment plants, industrial facilities and agricultural fields were located in this zone. All these non-cancer-causing pesticides, except quinolone, showed no risk value (risk assessment value < 1). This study could be used as basic data for risk assessment and analysis procedures for quality assurance and quality control of pesticides in Korea.
이헌준(Heon-Jun Lee),김희영(Hee-Young Kim),김기용(Ki Yong Kim),양득석(Duk-Seok Yang),이인정(Injung Lee),임영경(Young-Kyong Lim),김재혁(Jae-Hyuk Kim),오정은(Jeong-Eun Oh) 대한환경공학회 2017 대한환경공학회지 Vol.39 No.7
본 연구는 낙동강 본류와 연계한 지천중심을 대상으로 항생제(clarithromycin, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim), 항정간제(carbamazepine), 진통제(acetylsalicylic acid, naproxe)를 포함한 8종의 의약물질의 현황 및 시기별 변화에 대해 조사를 실시하였다. 조사 대상물질의 검출 수준은 <LOQ에서 1.076 μg/L까지 나타났으며, 조사 대상물질에서 clarithromycin (0.0316 μg/L)이 가장 높은 평균 농도로 검출되었고, 다음으로 sulfamethazine (0.0170 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole (0.0161 μg/L), naproxen (0.0129 μg/L), carbamazepine (0.0093 μg/L), acetylsalicylic acid (0.0047 μg/L), sulfathiazole (0.0024 μg/L), trimethoprim (0.0022 μg/L) 순으로 나타났다. 낙동강 수계의 지점별 검출 수준은 하류의 농도수준이 상류의 검출 농도보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 2월 조사시기에서 높은 검출 수준을 보였으나, 시기별 차이는 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 대상 의약물질 8종의 유해지수를 산정한 결과 모두 1보다 낮은 값을 나타내어 낙동강 수계에 미치는 생태위해성은 낮은 것으로 평가되었으나 추후 본 연구대상 물질 외 사용되고 있는 다른 의약물질로 확장 한 연구가 더 수행될 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다. In this study, the occurrence and temporal variation of eight pharmaceuticals comprising antibiotics (clarithromycin, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim), scabicide (carbamazepine) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, naproxen) in main stream and its tributary of the Nakdong River basin, were investigated. Concentrations of the target compounds ranged from <LOQ to 1.076 μg/L. The highest average concentration was observed for clarithromycin (0.0316 μg/L), followed by sulfamethazine (0.0170 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole (0.0161 μg/L), naproxen (0.0129 μg/L), carbamazepine (0.0093 μg/L), acetylsalicylic acid (0.0047 μg/L), sulfathiazole (0.0024 μg/L) and trimethoprim (0.0022 μg/L). The decreasing pattern of pharmaceutical concentrations was observed along with Nakdong River and the higher concentrations in downstream were observed than those in upstream. There was no temporal variation of the target compounds although the highest level was found in February. The calculated hazard quotients (HQs) for eight pharmaceuticals were below 1, indicating no environmental hazard in Nakdong River. However, further monitoring is still needed due to the other pharmaceuticals widely used in Korea.
허성남 ( Seong Nam Heo ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),이철구 ( Chul Gu Lee ),임영경 ( Young Kyong Lim ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ) 한국환경분석학회 2010 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.13 No.3
A total of 36 volatile organic compounds in water samples collected 3 times (April, August, October) from 33 representative points along the Nakdong river and from 5 industrial complex discharge points were quantitated and summarized as follows. Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene was detected on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd investigations at 4 points (Kumho6, Suyong5, Kumi and Seongseo). 1,2-Dichloroethane was detected at 0.83 μg/L on the 2nd investigation at 1 point (Namgang4-1), and also detected at 0.08 μg/L and 1.55 μg/L on the 1st and 2nd investigations, repectively, at 1 point (Seongseo), and was detected on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd investigations at 1 point (Jinju) at 2.27 μg/L, 9.04 μg/L and 7.22 μg/L respectively. These detected concentration values were less than EPA and WHO drinking water guidelines. Risk assessment performed on cis-1,2-dichloroethylene revealed that the current level of the compound is less than estimated criteria and was not risky. On the other hand, 1,2-dichloroethane exceeded estimated criteria in the risk assessment, while its level was less than the WHO drinking water guideline.
박노진 ( No Jin Park ),옥곤 ( Gon Ok ),허성남 ( Seong Nam Heo ),임영경 ( Young Kyong Lim ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ) 한국환경분석학회 2012 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.15 No.3
Five organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs) were monitored for the water samples in the Nakdong river basin. Samples were collected from the 33 representative points and the 5 industrial complex discharge points over 6 sampling events. Heptachlor and trans-heptachlor epoxide were not detected for all samples while dieldrin was detected once at the first sampling event. The measured concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and cis-heptachlor epoxide for the representative sites ranged from N.D to 0.0057 ng/L and from N.D to 0.078 ng/L, respectively. The levels of hexachlorobenzene and cis-heptachlor epoxide were N.D to 0.173 ng/L and N.D to 0.134 ng/L, respectively. It seems like that risk at the monitored level of organic chlorinated pesticide was not serious. However, the maximum concentration of cis-heptachlor epoxide exceeded the water quality criteria (WQC) of U.S EPA. The average concentrations of organic chlorinated pesticides for the industrial complex discharge points were relatively higher than those for the representative sites of the Nakdong river, however, the risk by industrial OCP discharge seems also not serious.
낙동강 중권역 대표지점 및 공단 배출수에서의 준휘발성유기화합물 (페놀류 및 농약류) 분포특성 및 계절적 변동 평가
정희진 ( Hee Jin Jeong ),김언정 ( Un Jung Kim ),임태효 ( Tae Hyo Im ),임영경 ( Young Kyong Lim ),오정은 ( Jeong Eun Oh ) 한국환경분석학회 2013 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.16 No.4
To assess the levels and distribution patterns of semi-volatile organic pollutants comprising 6 phenols, 3 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 6 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and 4 other pesticides (diuron, furfural, hexazinone, linuron), we analyzed river water samples collected from Nakdong river basin and effluent samples from five industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWTP). The concentration levels of 6 phenols, 3 OCPs, 6 OPPs and 4 other pesticides in the river waters ranged from not detected (ND)~450 ng/L, ND~25.8 ng/L, ND~19.2 ng/L and ND~20.7 ng/L, respectively and the levels of those target compounds in effluent were from ND~353 ng/L, ND~4.42 ng/L, ND~12.8 ng/L and ND~10.1 ng/L, respectively. Among 19 target compounds, four compounds (4-nitrophenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, demeton-O, diuron) showed statistically significant seasonal variations (p<0.001). Phenols were predominant in all samples and showed increasing tendency from upstream to downstream. Though no clear emission sources were identified due to the large variances of sources between sampling points but some relevant occurrence pattern was observed between IWTP effluent and surrounding areas, suggesting potential effect of IWTP on the close regional river basin.
허성남 ( Seong Nam Heo ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),임태효 ( Tae Hyo Lim ),임영경 ( Young Kyong Lim ),천세억 ( Se Uk Cheon ),이재관 ( Jae Gwan Lee ) 한국환경분석학회 2012 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.15 No.3
In this study, fifteen volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed by purge & trap (P&T) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Method detection limit (MDL) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined in the range of 0.0041~0.5241 μg/L and 0.0123~1.6692 μg/L, respectively. Accuracy and precision were controlled in the range of 78.29~124.57% and 2.95~23.41%, approximately. Five compounds (bromodichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, tribromomethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, dibromochloromethane) were detected in stream waters and five compounds (cis-1,2-dichloroethene, acrylonitrile, 1,2- dichloroethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane) were detected in 5 discharge points of industrial complex located in the Nakdong river basin. Risk assessments were performed for all of the detected compounds. It was less than the EPA criteria and criteria estimated in 33 representative points. 1,2-Dichloroethane and acrylonitrile detected in discharge points of 5 industrial complex were more than the EPA criteria.