간호학생들의 빈곤에 대한 태도 -발생요인과 결과요인을 중심으로-

임미림,양순옥,Im, Mi-Lim,Yang, Soon-Ok 한국지역사회간호학회 1999 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The result of this study may be abstracted as follows. 1) The study was done on 48.3% seniors(138), 34.3% sophomores. and 17.5% juniors mostly ranging in age from 21 to 22, the largest number of students at 38.1%(109) were Christian. followed by 31.5%(90) were Confucian. 20.6%(59) who were Catholic. and 9.1%(26)who were Buddhist. 2) Concerning the economic views. 46.8%(134) preferred Capitalism 40.9%(117) preferred a combination of Capitalism and Socialism, 8.7%(25) were for more or less Socialistic in view point, and 3.5%(10) for Socialism. 3) Among the internal factors causing poverty, 'lack of ability(knowledge)', scored the highest at 3.528, and 'beauty or appearance' scored the lowest at 1.570. Social factors scored high in 'bad economic/tax policies' at 3.374 and 'low average in wages' at 3.364. Among family matters, 'not much money at home' scored the highest at 3.273, and 'low expectation of success in poor families' scored the lowest at 2.315. On concerns of fate and destiny. 'bad luck' turned out to be the most likely cause of poverty with the score of 2.619. and 'destined poverty' was the least likely cause with the score of 1.969. 4) The high scoring economical consequences of poverty was 'not able to do as one desires' at 3.965, and 'no money to buy things wanted' at 3.804. 'Gets tired of life' (4.028) scored high in psychological consequences showing that poverty affects these matters greatly. 'Looked down on by others' (3.538) scored high in social circumstances, and 'feels like a burden to society' scored low at 2.080. Among family matters. 'hard life' scored high at 4.210, and 'low morality' scored low at 1.972. 5) Significant differences(p= .00) were found between economic views and what significance certain internal factors caused poverty these differences were also related to a reliance on religion, economic views, and economic status. Significant differences were also found between economic status and internal factors causing poverty(p= .04), economic point of view and social factors(p= .01). and economical point of view and luck related matters, (p = .01) When the consequences of poverty were considered. psychological factors such as 'hate towards oneself', 'tired of life', and 'afraid of the future' showed significant differences in relation to economic status. (p = .02) Family matters also showed significant differences in relation to economic status(p= .03), With personal characteristics and wealth causing factors, significant differences were found between a person's economic point of view and ecinomic status when considering and internal or social factors.

청소년대상 영상매체 성교육자료분석 -비디오를 중심으로-

이광옥,양순옥,임미림,Lee, Koang-Ok,Yang, Soon-Ok,Im, Mi-Lim 한국지역사회간호학회 1998 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental information for the development of new sex education image media through the analysis of those tools produced by Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea. Twenty three video tapes related to the sex education were analysed. The data were sampled on the basis of the sex education instructions for primary and secondary schools published by the Seoul Office of Education in 1996 and the list of sex education information composed by the Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea with the following requirements. 1) The education materials are oriented to the middle and high school students as well a juveniles and are being used in public health centers and schools. 2) The education materials are not confined to the single subject such as AIDS or contraception. Because this study is focused on the analysis of image media, an analysis method widely and effectively used in public media study was chosen. The frequency analysis and percentage treatment were done by an SAS program. The results of the study are as follows : 1. An analysis of the material structure type showed that the frequency of the following subjects in 15 video tapes, composed as drama and cartoon, had this decreasing orde : sex behavior, sex relation ships, sex health, human development, personal technique, and society and culture. 2. The eight tapes of explanation and counseling showed a different sequence from that of the drama and cartoon material, primarily treating human development with 5419 seconds (47.9%) of type. The following were also considered in decreasing order: at 2000seconds (17.6%) sex behavior, at 1366 seconds (12.1%) sex health, at 1240 seconds (11.0%) society and culture, at 667 seconds (6.0%) relation ships, and at 611 seconds (5.4%) personal technique. 3. In a thematic analysis those education materials dealing with human development show this frequency sequence: anatomic physiology, reproduction, and adolescence. In relation, ships the sequence is dates, love, marriage and vows, and family. For personal technique, it is expressed as asking for help, and an empnasis on moral values. For sex behavior, they focus on abstinence, the co-responsibility of sex behavior, the sexual response of the human, and sexual nightmares. For the sex health area, the focus is contraception with abortion and reproductive health following that. In society and culture diversity is considered. 4. An analysis of the differences in production and content between 1980s and 1990s was also done. For materials produced in the 1980s the frequency of the subjects follows this order: sex behavior, human development, relation ships, sex health, personal technique, and society and culture with sub subjects such as abstinence, dating, adolescence, anatomic physiology, reproduction, calls for help, and the sexual response of a human being. For materials produced in the 1990s, highest frequency was sex behavior, the same as the 1980s. The rest of the material follows this decreasing order: relationships, human development, sex health, society and culture, and personal technique with sub subjects such as dating, co-resposibility in sex behavior, abstinence, and love frequently considered.

청소년대상 인쇄매체 성교육자료분석

양순옥(Soon Ok Yang),임미림(Mi Lim Im) 한국보건간호학회 1998 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

일 대학 간호대학생의 병실에서의 상호작용

김진항(Kim, Jin Hyang),문선영(Moon, Sun Young),이정은(Lee, Jung Eun),임미림(Im, Mi Lim) 한국간호교육학회 2001 한국간호교육학회지 Vol.7 No.2

중학생의 성교육 실태에 대한 조사 연구

임미림 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1996 Health & Nursing Vol.8 No.2

This study attempted to help young people to have correct understanding and attitude toward sex and collect basic data for developing proper sex education programs for youth by grasping their attitudes and opinions toward sex. Subjects of this study were 610 middle-school boys and girls of D girls' middle school and E middle school around Chonyeon-dong branch of Ewha Womans University Social Welfare Center, and data were collected from March 25 to April 30, 1996. And for analyzing data, a questionnaire composed of 32 items including general knowledge about sex education, school's sex education, sex education at home, sexual problems and intersexual relationship was distributed and retrieved to analyze responds by percentage. And the results are as follows; 1. Middle-school students answered that they thought sex education should include knowledge about sex, manners between opposite sex, family planning and population problem, and had opinions that sex education itself is necessary and must be executed by schools, families and society altogether. 2. Students received sex education at school were 76.2% of the whole, and they pointed out domestic science and biology as a proper subject of experiencing sex education. And youth wanted to know about intersexual relationship above all things and to receive sex education from the nurse-teacher. 3. Students received sex education at home were 39.5% of the whole, and girls responded much more positively than boys. The case of mother's role as a sex educator was 68.5%, which revealed very higher level. And when asked parents about sex, 37.6% of students were answered naturally by way of examples, while 28.8% sometimes answered and sometimes not. 4. As for sexual problems, young people answered that main source of obtaining information about sex was friend, weekly or other magazines, and they all showed negative mental attitudes toward experience of menarche or wet dream. But psychological reaction when firstly knew about the course of child-birth was positive in general. Most students had a very conservative attitude toward chastity, and strikingly many students answered that both man and woman should keep their chastity for happy marital life. 5. Young people regarded inter sexual relationship as a natural course of growing up showing rather positive attitude toward it, and 73% of them answered that the basis of that relationship must be friendship. But students answered that when found attractive opposite sex they would not directly make acquaintance with him (or her) but just keep to himself (herself) and watch him (or her) were even 48.5% of the whole.

텔레비전 드라마에 나타난 간호 이미지에 관한 내용분석 연구

임미림 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1995 Health & Nursing Vol.7 No.-

간호전문직의 발전은 간호에 대한 대상자들의 요구와 인식이 존재할 때 이루어진다. 따라서 간호대상자들인 대중의 간호에 대한 이미지는 간호 전문직의 발전을 위해 매우 중요한 문제이다. 그러나 아직도 대중매체에 노출된 간호는 현실과 다르게 표현되고 있음은 물론 전문직 간호로서의 바람직한 방향으로 묘사되고 있지 않다. 간호 이미지를 간호의 정체성을 찾는 일이라고 하였고(Kelly, 1980), 대중들이 간호나 간호사에 대해서 갖는 신념, 생각, 느낌들의 총합(Kalisch & Kalisch)이라고 보았다. 이러한 간호 이미지의 구축에는 대중매체와 같은 외적 요인이 영향을 미친다(Ponter & Ponter, 1991). 즉 대중매체에 부정적으로 요사되는 간호 이미지는 간호사의 자존감에 영향을 주고, 간호사의 신념과가치, 자신감을 저하시킨다. 이러한 요소들은 간호사 업무수행에 있어 중요한 영향 요인이 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 대중매체의 중심매체로서의 역할을 하는 텔레비전의 드라마에 나타날 간호 이미지를 살펴봄으로써 대중들이 간호나 간호사에 대해 갖고 있는 생각들을 알아보고, 대중매체에서 잘못 묘사된 간호 이미지를 바로잡기 위한 노력과 함께, 이것을 간호교육에 적용시킬 기초로 삼고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 분석대상은 1995년 1월 1일부터 1點5년 1狂잃 31까지 방영된 텔레비전 드라마 중 간호사가 주변인물 이상으로 등장하는 드라마 3편을 선정하여 극중 등장하는 간호사의 153개 역할을 대상으로 하였다. 자료분석은 내용분석방법을 사용하였고, 분석유목온 Kalisch & Kalisch(1986), 윤용(1983), 이해옥(1982), 이영복(1970) 둥의 연구문헌을 근거로 한 것을 3명의 코더가 내용분석 유목을 검토하고, 수정, 보완한 후 간호사의 역할비중, 업무태도, 활동내용, 등장장소, 외적 특성, 성격특성, 일반적 특성, 일반적 특성 둥 7개의 항목을 만들어 사용하였다. 코팅방법은 각 유목을 적은 코딩지를 등장인물별로 작성하여 3명의 코더가 녹화필름을 보면서 각인물에 대한 사항을 항목별로 코팅하였다. 신뢰도 측정은 Holsti의 방법에 의해서 측정하였는데 평균 신뢰도는 93%였다. 자료의 처리는 SAS프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율의 통계방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 드라마에서 간호사의 역할비중은 78.4%가 주변인물로 묘사되어 대부분 주변역할을 하는 인물로 표현되었다. 2. 드라마에 나타난 간호사의 업무태도는 기계적(57.5%), 수동적(56.4%)이고, 자율적(40.5%)이며 불친절(37.3%), 숙달된 것(33.3%) 순으로 나타났다. 3. 간호사의 활동내용은 전문적 /단순 업무, 독자적 /보조적 업무로 구분하였다. 전문적 업무로는 혈액 ·수액 주입, 활력증후측정, 혈압체크, 채혈, 근육주사, 정맥주사 등의 기술적인 업무가 주로 묘사되었고, 전문적 업무보다는 전화받기, 트레이를 들고 다니거나 스트레처카, 드레싱카, 휠체어 등을 끌고 다니기 둥의 단순업무 장면이었다. 독자적 업무는 개인위생, 혈압 ·활력증후 측정, 환자 상태사정, 환자의 영양공급, 인계보고 둥으로 표현되었고 보조적 업무는 대부분 의사의 진료나 처치 보조와 관련 된 업무가 많았다. 4. 극 중 간호사들의 등장장소는 병원(병동복도, 간호사실, 휴게실, 식당, 병원뜰)(57.3%), 휴게실·다방·레스토랑(20.1%), 가정 (17.2%), 기타(옥외) (5.4%)의 순으로 나타났다. 5. 간호사의 외적 특성은 보통의 체격(83.0%)과 보통의 신장(68.6%), 단정한 의상(75.4%)으로 표현된 반면, 매력적인 용모(39.9%), 고상한 행동(25.5%)의 특성은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 6. 텔레비전 드라마에 묘사된 간호사의 성격 특성은 연약(59.5%), 수동적(56.9%), 감정적(50.3%), 비지적(49.0%), 복종적(43.8%), 엄격(39.2%), 권위적(36.6%), 이기적(32.0%), 현실적(29.4%), 동정적 (18.3%)인 성향 순으로 나타났다. 7 극 중 간호사의 일반적 특성은 모두 여성이며, 20대-30대가 84.3%, 자녀가 없는 상태가 54.9%, 미혼이 64.7%를 차지하였다. 본 연구에서 간호 이미지는 의사를 보조하는 정도의 기술적인 업무와 사건 중심의 업무 외적인 장면들이 주로 비춰지고 있고 간호사의 교육적 활동이나 확대된 역할은 텔레비전 드라마에 거의 묘사되고 있지 않았다. 이는 대중이 간호사를 전문직 간호를 수행하는 전문 직업인으로 인식하는데 장애를 줄 수 있다. 이상의 결론에 근거하여 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자한다. 1 다양한 대중매체에 나타난 간호 이미지에 대한 계속적인 연구가 요구된다 2. 간호 이미지 향상을 위한 대중매체의 활용전략에 대한 추후 연구가 요구된다. 3. 시대별로 나누어 드라마를 분석하여 간호 이미지의 시대별 변화를 확인하는 연구가 요구된다. 4. 드라마를 분석한 자료와 시청자의 반응을 비교, 분석함으로써 객관성을 높일수 있는 연구가 요구 된다. We tried to inquire the people's views on nursing or nurses, correct the image of nurse and take it as a basis to be applied on nursing education examining the image of nursing on Television drama playing a important role of mass media. 153 nurses of the characters in drama is applied to the analysis object of this study by selecting 3 dramas of Television ones the nurse play a more important role than sorrounding characters from January 1 to October 31 in 1995. Contents analysis method was used in Data Analysis, 7 Items was used after Coders previously modify and compensate it based on research documents of Kalisch & Kalisch(1986), Yoon Young (1983), Lee Hye-Ok(1982), Lee Young-Bok, etc in analysis items. 3 Coders made the Codings the article on each person by Item seeing the recorded Film making the Coding Paper each Items is written by the character. The average of reliability degree was 93% which measured the reliability degree by the method of Holsti. The statistic method of Frequency, Percentage was used using SAS Program in data processing. The result of research is as follows. 1. The general feature of nurses on the drama is that they are all women which is 20 or 30-aged single (64.7%) without children. 2. Relative importance of 78.4% nurses in drama is depicted as sorrounding characters and most of them was expressed as the character playing sorrounding role. 3. The affair attitude of nurses shown on drama is revealed as mechanical(57.5%), passive(56. 4% ), autonomous (37.3%) and adept (33.3% ). 4. The activity of nurses was classified with professional /simple affair, personal /assistant affair. The technical affair such as IN., Vital Sign check, Blood Pressure Check, Blood Gathering, I.M., Ⅳ., etc is mainly depicted as a professional affairs and the screen of simple affair such as Receiving Telephone, Carrying Tray or Dragging, Stretcher Car, Dressing Car and or Wheel Chair than professional affair. Personal sanitation, B. P. check, Vital sign check, Assessment of patient condition, assistant meal of patient, taking over report, etc was expressed as a personal affair and the affairs related with medical treatment of most doctor or assistant measure was included in the assistant affair. 5. The place nurses of the drama appears are hospital(ward corridor, nurse room, rest room, divining room, hospital yard) (57.3%), rest room, coffee house, restaurant (20.1%), home(17. 2%), other (outdoor) (5.4%). 6. The appearance feature of nurses is shown on common physique(83.0%), common stature(68. 6%), decent costume(78.4%), attractive appearane(39.9%), noble action(25.5%). The feature of character of nourses depicted on Television drama is faibleness(59.5%), passive (56.9%), emotional (50.3%), not interllectual(49.0%), obedient (43.8%), strict(39.2%), authoritative(36.6%), selfish (32.0%), realistic (29.4%), sympathetic (18.3%). The image of nurses is illuminated as the exterial scene of technical affair such as assisting the doctors and affair focused on accident and educational activity of nurses or extended role is nor depicted on Television drama. therefore, the people regard the nurse as sexual object with good appearance than professional worker working professional nursing. We want the following epigraph based on above conclusion. 1. The continous research is required on the image of nurse shown on various mass media. 2. The later research is required on application strategy of mass media for advancing the image of nurse. 3. The research confirming the change of the image of nurse by epoch analyzing the drama by epoch. 4. The research to strengthen the objectivity by comparing analyzed data on drama & analyzing it is required.

요양시설 거주 노인의 간호서비스 요구도에 대한 연구

이광옥,임미림 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 2002 Health & Nursing Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was establish the basic material for assisting in raising the quality of nursing service for nurses in the nursing home. For this purpose it attempted to identify the demand of nursing service of old people resident in the nursing home. The research design was the research study to identify the degree of nursing serivce of old people. This study was conducted for 175 old people resident in 4 the nursing home for the elderly in Kangwon, Kyoggi and Kyungbuk provinces and Seoul, able to have the interview with the cognitive ability and understand the purpose of this study and agree to participate in this study. The questionnaire was composed of the following: 16 items relating to the general characteristics; 6 items relating to the physical function; 8 items relating to the daily activity ability; 22 items relating to the cognitive function; one item relating to subjective vision; one item relating to subjective hearing; 71 items relating to the classification of nursing service areas; 71 items relating to the degree of service demand; and 71 items relating to the level of service satisfaction. The contents of the questionnaire were composed by referring to the Psychiatric Nursing Assessment Protocol(Abraham, 1989; Abraham et al,. 1990) and the measurement instrument used by Lee, Kwang-ok. In data collection, research assistants were educated to concerning the structured questionnaire for one day and trained to conduct the interview for the questionnaire research in person. After full discussion over the questionable contents, 175 old people with the cognitive ability were randomly sampled from one ‘cost’ nursing home for the elderly in Seoul, one paid nursing home in Kyonngi Province, one free-charging nursing home in Kangwon Province and each of free-charging, cost and paid nursing homes in Kyungbuk Province. The trained research assistants conducted the questionnaire research through the direct interview. As to the questionable contents, accuracy was confirmed about the questionnaire by having the communication through the personal visit and telephone call with the researcher as needed. In data analysis, data were analyzed using the SAS statistical program after the process of coding. Data concerning the general characteristics of the old people in the nursing home analyzed on the basis of frequency and percentage. And mean and standard deviation were determined concerning the degree of demand for nursing service and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between principal variables. The degree of demand for nursing service among the old people in the nursing home was shown as follows: The items relating to direct nursing services showed the high average score in venous injection(2.00, rectal injection(2.2), physical treatment(2.5) cold-warm therapy(2.0), vitality symptom measurement(2.1). The items relating to supportive nursing service demonstrated the following high average scores: education for health promotion(2.2); nutritional education(2.2); drug abuse and disuse education(2.5); informing all kinds of equipment and their usage(2.0); asking and counseling with the doctor(2.2); treatment and management plan(2.2); counseling with patients and heir guardian(2.2); assistance in money management(2.1); counseling on the health status92.3); tooth brushing(2.2); shampooing(2.2); bathing(2.4); sitz bath(2.0); assistance in shopping(2.1); recreation(2.1); conversational partner(2.5), emotional support(2.3), assistance in going to hospital(2.3), listening to the family problem(2.0); assistance in clothing and food life(2.2) and referral to the other medical institutions(2.2); Safety and environmental management(2.0) and contagion management(2.0) and the like. The old people showed the high level of demand for nursing services in many items relating to supportive nursing services as well as direct nursing services.

텔레비전 드라마의 간호사 이미지에 대한 분석

문영임,임미림,윤경이 대한간호협회 1998 대한간호 Vol.37 No.2

일부 대학생들의 성태도에 대한 조사연구

이광옥,임미림 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 Health & Nursing Vol.13 No.1

purpose of this study was to provide basic materials for college students' sound human relations and sex education by investigating some college students' attitude towards sex in some parts of Kangwon Province. 317 male and female college students enrolled in two 4-year universities located in Kangwon Province were selected as the object of research and the questionnaire research was conducted for them. period of data collection in this study was from Sept, 2000 to Nov 30, 2000. The purpose and method of research were explained to college students, to whom 500 questionnaires were distributed. Of 390 questionnaires returned, 317 except 73 ones impossible to process as data were used for data analysis. Collected data were analyzed to get percentage and frequency using the SPSS-WIN statistical program. As a result, the following study results were obtained: The media halving the greatest effect on college students' attitude towards sex were friends, colleagues and juniors and seniors for 186 students(58.7%), followed by radio and television for 52 students(16.4%), books and magazines for 44 students(13.9%), sex education in school for 14 students(4.4%), parents for 10 students(3.2%) and siblings for 7 students(2.2%). As to the question of 'Have you ever agonized over the sex problem?', 38.2%(121), the highest proportion, responded that they had agonized over the sex problem. It was found that the reason for agony over the sex problem was 'the loss of chastity' for 60 students(18.9%), 'ethics and morality' for 48 students(15.1%), 'physical deficiency' for 16(5.0%), 'venereal diseases' for 12 students(3.8%) and 'religion' for 10 students(3.2%). As for the opinion of premarital sexual intercourse, 38.5%(122 persons) of the college students responded that it was possible if male and female college students lived each other. On the other hand, 30.9%(98 persons) of them responded that chastity was absolute. This indicates the diametrically opposed opinion on premarital sexual intercourse. 23.7%(75 persons) of them responded that it was possible if male and female college students was supposed to marry each other. At last, it was found that 62.2% of the responding college students supported premarital sexual intercourse. As to the question of experience in miscarriages due to unwanted pregnancy or experiences in having the girl friend have the unwanted pregnancy, 4,1% of the college students responded that they had experiences. It was found that the frequency of having the girl friend have miscarriages or pregnancy once to twice for 3.2 % of the students and more than three to four times for 0.6% of them. As to the question of the contraception measures, it was found that they were the use of condoms for 102 persons(32.2%), followed by the use of the menstrual cycle for 73 students(23%), the use of contraceptives for 49 students(15.5%), and extra-vaginal ejaculation for 33 students (12.0%). Consequently, it is thought that college students do not have a sex attitude and knowledge of the complete contraception method. 27.8% of the college students had experiences in sexual intercourse. The number of partners with whom they had sexual intercourse was one person for 11.4%, two to four persons for 8.8% and more than five persons for 6.9%. It was found that the first period of time when college students had sexual intercourse with their partners was college days for 72.2% in most cases and even middle and high school days for 22.4%. The first partner with whom college students had sexual intercourse was found to be livers(14.2%), followed by heterosexual friends(9.5%), the recently encountered person (2.2%), and others(1.9%). The feelings after the first sexual intercourse were found to be negative responses such as becoming very worried(8.8%) and becoming somewhat regretful(6.3%) and positive responses such as feeling good(6.7%). As to the extent to which parents accepted sex at home, 60.6% of the college students responded that their parents were conservative on sex in most cases.