솔껍질깍지벌레에 의해 침해받은 한국산 곰솔의 2기목부에 있어 병리조직학적 연구

임동옥,소웅영 ( Dong Ok Lim,Woong Young Soh ) 한국환경생물학회 1994 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The characteristics of secondary xylem in the Pinus thunbergii infected by Matsucoccus thunbergiana appear as follows; Infection of young shoot causes bending toward the infested spot. The tracheid in infested tree was longer than that in noninfested tree. The ray in infested tree has larger number, longer height and much volume than that in noninfested ones. Even though the bast scales have mainly injured the parenchyma cells of the phloem, it also affects on the xylem to make trabecula, spiral thickenings and spiral ribs, and intercellular spaces. Particularly, secondary infection by fungi occurred in secondary xylem and finally lead the tree to death.

건지에서 (乾地) 자란 잣나무 ( Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. ) 의 이기목부 (二期木部) 및 형성층구조의 변화

임동옥(Dong Ok Lim),소웅영(Woong Young Soh) 한국식물학회 1993 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.36 No.1

This study deals with the effect of dwarf growth for the wood and the structural changes of cambium in Pinus koraiensis subjected to water stress. The length and wall thickness of tracheary elements in dwarf trees was shorter and thicker than that in normal trees. The radial width and cell number of the annual rings are narrower and smaller in dwarf trees than those in normal trees. In serial trangential sections, the frequency of anticlinal division is low and loss of cambial initials is small in dwarf trees. The length of cambial initials in water deficit, trees are slightly shorter than that in normal trees, and the intrusive growth of cambial initials during differentiation of xylem mother cells is inactive in dwarf trees. Thus, it is interpreted that the shortening of tracheary elements in dwarf trees is due to the fact that the length of cambial initials are shortened and the intrusive growth of those during differentiation of xylem mother cells is inactive. The structural variations in the wood of naturally occurring dwarf trees are similar to those of trees subjected to artificial water stress. Therfore, it is suggested that the variations of xylem element in dwarf trees are related to water conditions.

수종 (數種) 소나무속 (屬) 식물에 있어서 뿌리와 줄기의 이기목부에 (二期木部) 관한 비교해부

임동옥(Dong Ok Lim),소웅영(Woong Young Soh) 한국식물학회 1986 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.29 No.3

Anatomical characteristics of the secondary xylem in the roots and the stems of genus Pinus including nine species growing naturally in Korea have been studied to elucidate the structural diffenences between two organs. The results, comparing the root woods with the stem woods, are as follows; The transition from the early-wood to the late-wood occurs more gradually in the root woods. In the root woods, the bordered pits on the radial wall of tracheid are frequent in the two rows. The spiral thickening on the radial and tangential wall of the tracheid can be seen in the only stem woods of four species such as P. koraiensis, P. rigida, P. rigitaeda and P. banksiana. In the majority of the species studied, the length of the tracheid is longer in the root woods, but in some species such as P. strobus, P. densiflora, P. rigida and P. sylvestris, this length is almost same in both organs. The diameter of the tracheid in the root woods is wider. The wall thickness of the tracheid in the early wood is thicker in the root woods, but vice versa in the late woods. More rays per unit area can be seen in the root woods.

수 종의 목본식물에 (木本植物) 있어서 정상 및 왜소개체의 이기목부의 (二期木部) 비교해부

임동옥(Dong Ok Lim),소웅영(Woong Young Soh) 한국식물학회 1991 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.34 No.1

This study deals with the effect of dwarf growth on xylem structure, especially on the dimension of xylem elements described for 12 species of naturally occuring dwarf trees. The length and tangential diameter of tracheary elements and fibers in dwarf trees appear to be shorter and narrower than those in normal trees. Radial width and cell number of the same annual rings are narrower and smaller in dwarf trees than those in normal trees. Height of rays in dwarf trees is lower than that in normal trees. Dwarf conifers appear to have higher ratio of latewood to earlywood than that in normal trees. In the hardwood species studied, mesomorphy of vessel elements is lower in dwarfs than that in normal trees. It can be concluded that this dwarf growth occurs as a result of extremely slow growth by environmental stress such as water deficiency.

한국산 아욱목 식물 줄기에서 이기목부의 (二期木部) 비교해부

임동옥(Dong Ok Lim),소웅영(Woong Young Soh) 한국식물학회 1991 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.34 No.1

Anatomical study of secondary xylem in Malvales plants, including four families, five genera and ten species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate relationship among genera of families in the order. Wood of Elaeocarpus is diffuse porous and shows angular vessels in radial multiples of 2-14 cells and a few apotracheal of paratracheal parenchyma. Tiliaceous genera have diffuse porous wood, vessels in solitary distribution and apotracheal parenchyma of sinuous scalariform uniseriate band. In the family, Tilia shows angular vessel, noded and tile-like cell in ray and storied tissue but Grewia has circular vessel. Hibiscus shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and biseriate band of apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma. Firmiana shows ring porous wood, circular solitaty vessel and confluent parenchyma. Many starch grains appear in ray and axial parenchyma. Judging from arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element and angle of end wall to vessel axis, and arrangement and shape of axial parenchyma, the lines of specialization in these genera are from primitive Elaeocarpaceae through less primitive Tiliaceae and less advanced Malvaceae to advanced Sterculiaceae.

한국산 두릅나무과 식물 줄기에서 2기목부의 비교 해부

임동옥(Dong Ok Lim),소웅영(Woong Young Soh) 한국식물학회 1993 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.36 No.4

Anatomical study of the secondary xylem I Araliaceous plants, including 7 genera and 11 species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate the relationship among genera in the family. Wood of Hedera has diffuse porous and shows ulmiform pattern of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, and alternate pitting. In addition, its ray is homogeneous type Ⅱ with only procumbent ray cell. Ring porous wood of Dendropanax shows ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, which has sometimes horizontal secretory cavity. Fatsia has diffuse porous wood, which shows ulmiform of angular vessels, scalariform perforation plate (3∼9 bars), scalariform pitting, spiral thickening in the lateral wall of vessel, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray with sheath cells. Kalopanax has ring porous wood, which shows ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate and alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray. While K. pictum appears tylose with septum, K. pictum var. maximowczii appears tylose without septum. Echinopanax shows ring porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, scalariform pitting, and tylose with septum. And the ray of Echinopanax is paedomorphic type Ⅰ composed of only upright cells. Acanthopanax genus is composed of diffuse porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate and alternate pitting. In this genus, A. sessiliflorus has heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, apotracheal axial parenchyma and tylose with septum. A. senticosus appears paedomorphic type Ⅰ with only upright cells, and tylose with septum. A. koreanum and A. sieboldianum have heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray but have not tylose. Aralia is composed of ring porous wood, ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, and tylose contained both septum and reticulate. On the basis of arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element, the angle of end wall to vessel axis, and ray type, the line of specialization in these genera is as follow; from Fatsia, the most primitive, to the most highly specialized Aralia, throughout Hedera, Acanthopanax, Echinopanax, Dendropanax, and Kalopanax by turns.

수종의 (數種) 한국산 녹나무과 식물에 있어서 뿌리와 줄기의 이기목부의 (二期木部) 비교해부

소웅영,임동옥 ( Woong Young Soh,Dong Ok Lim ) 한국산림과학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.4

A comparative anatomy between the secondary xylem in the root and the stem of some Korean Lauraceae, including 6 genera and 7 species, was carried out in this study. The results are as follows; diameter and length of vessel element and fiber are wider and longer in the root than the stem. The angle of end wall of vessel element is more inclined in the root than the stem. ,also more number of bar on the perforation plate of vessel element in root wood is found. From the anatomical characters of root and stem wood in some Lauraceous species, it is suggested that the wood of the root is. phylogenetically mote primitive than that of the stem, except the diameter of vessel element.

乾地에서 자란 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis S. e Z.)의 二期木部 및 形成層構造의 變化

林東沃,蘇雄永 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

This study deals with the effect of dwarf growth for the wood and the structural changes of cambium in Pinus koraiensis subjected to water stress. The length and wall thickness of tracheary elements in dwarf trees was shorter and thicker than that in normal trees. The radial width and cell number of the annual rings are narrower and smaller in dwarf trees than those in normal trees. In serial tangential sections, the frequency of anticlinal division is low and loss of cambial initials is small in dwarf trees. The length of cambial initials in water deficit, trees are slightly shorter than that in normal trees, and the intrusive growth of cambial initials during differentiation of xylem mother cells is inactive in dwarf trees. Thus, it is interpreted that the shortening of tracheary elements in dwarf trees is due to the fact that the length of cambial initials are shortened and the intrusive growth of those during differentiation of xylem mother cells is inactive. The structural variations in the wood of naturally occurring dwarf trees are similar to those of trees subjected to artificial water stress. Therfore, it is suggested that the variations of xylem element in dwarf trees are related to water conditions.

한국산 두릅나무과 식물 줄기에서 2기목부의 비교 해부

林東沃,蘇雄永 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

한국산 두릅나무과 식물 7속 11종의 목부해부학적 형질을 비교관찰하여 속간 목부의 특수화 정도를 검토하였다. 송악속은 산공재로서, 각상도관이 집합배열하고, 도관끝벽은 단천공이고 측벽은 호생벽공이었으며 방사조직은 오직 횡주세포로 구성된 동성 Ⅱ형이었다. 황칠나무속은 환공재이며 각상의 추재부 소 도관들은 접선대상배열, 단천공 및 호생벽공의 특징을 보였고 방사조직에 간혹 수평수지도가 내재된 이성 Ⅱ형이었다. 팔손이속은 산공재이고 각상도관이 접선대상배열이고, 계문상천공, 계문상 벽공 및 측벽에 나선비후가 나타났으며, 방사조직은 이성 Ⅱ형이었다. 음나무속은 환공재이고, 환상의 소 도관은 접선대상배열이며, 단천공 및 호생벽공 그리고 이성 Ⅱ형의 방사조직이 나타났다. 그 중 음나무는 도관내 격벽의 형태를 갖는 진충제를 가졌으나, 가는잎음나무에서는 격벽의 형태를 찾아 볼 수 없었다. 땃두릅나무속은 환공재이며 각상도관이 접선대상 배열이고, 단천공 및 계문상 벽공 그리고 격벽형태를 갖는 진충체가 나타났으며 방사조직은 직립세포로만 구성된 paedomorphic type Ⅰ이었다. 오갈피나무속은 산공재이며 각상도관이 접선대상배열, 단천공 및 호생벽공의 특징을 보였다. 본 속에서 오갈피나무는 이성 Ⅱ형의 방사조직과 離官柔組織 그리고 격벽형태를 갖는 진충제가 나타났다. 가시오갈피는 직립세포로만 구성된 paedomorphic type Ⅰ의 방사조직과 격벽형태인 진충체가 나타났다. 섬오갈피와 오가나무는 이성 Ⅱ형의 방사조직이 나타났으나, 진충체는 없었다. 두릅나무속은 환공재이고 환상도관이 접선대상배열, 단천공과 호생벽공, 그리고 격벽형태와 망상구조를 한 진충제가 나타났고, 이성 Ⅱ형의 방사조직도 보였다. 도관요소의 배열, 모양, 길이, 직경 및 천공판의 각도와 방사조직의 형태 등에 의한 이들 특수화 순서는 가장 원시적인 팔손이속으로부터, 송악속, 오갈피나무속, 땃두릅나무속, 황칠나무속, 음나무속 그리고 두릅나무속 순으로 사료된다. Anatomical study of the secondary xylem in Araliaceous plants, including 7 genera and 11 species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate the relationship among genera in the family. Wood of Hedera has diffuse porous and shows ulmiform pattern of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, and alternate pitting. In addition, its ray is homogeneous type Ⅱ with only procumbent ray cell. Ring porous wood of Dendropanax shows ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, which has sometimes horizontal secretory cavity. Fatsia has diffuse porous wood, which shows ulmiform of angular vessels, scalariform perforation plate (3∼9 bars), scalariform pitting, spiral thickening in the lateral wall of vessel, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray with sheath cells. Kalopanax has ring porous wood, which shows ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate and alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray. While K. pictum appears tylose with septum, K. pictum var maximowczii appears tylose without septum. Echinopanax shows ring porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, scalariform pitting, and tylose with septum. And the ray of Echinopanax is paedomorphic type Ⅰ composed of only upright cells. Acanthopanax genus is composed of diffuse porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforationn plate and alternate pitting. In this genus, A sessiliflorus has heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, apotracheal axial parenchyma and tylose with septum. A senticosus appears paedomorphic type Ⅰ with only upright cells, and tylose with septum. A. koreanum and A. sieboldianum have heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray but have not tylose. Aralia is composed of ring porous wood, ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, and tylose contained both septum and reticulate. On the basis of arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element, the angle of end wall to vessel axis, and ray type, the line of specialization in these genera is as follow: from Fatsia, the most primitive, to the most highly specialized Aralia, throughtout Hedera, Acanthopanax, Echinopanax, Dendropanax and kalopanax by turns.