Strange Interlude에 나타난 Nina의 남성의 권위에 대한 저항 의식

이춘화 ( Lee¸ Chun-wha ) 현대영미어문학회 1995 현대영미어문학 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to study Nina’s resistance to the western society’s central thought, God the Father’s authority which is in contrast to God the Mother. In chapter Ⅱ, I deal with the antagonistic men’s society of Professor Leeds and Gordon Shaw. God the Father's authority is symbolized by Professor Leeds who has life-destroying power. But Gordon Shaw is the embodiment of the idealized being who exists nowhere. In chapter Ⅲ, this study covers the complementary men’s society of Sam Evans and Edmund Darrell. Evans represents the physical man who is the typical modem society’s member. On the other hand, Darrell is embodied in modern man’s brain which is neurotic. In chapter Ⅳ, I attempt to analyze Marsden who has neutralized philosophy. He is neither a man nor a woman. He is a sexless being whom in Nina finds a peace of mind and rest. He forgives her for what she has done and accepts what she is. Consequently, a result of rejecting God the Father’s authority has the same effect when Nina devours man instead of redeeming him. O’Neill shows that the world does not consist of antagonism which is Good and Evil, Man and Woman. In his world all values are relative and life is an unceasing stream of experience.

Mourning Becomes Electra에 나타난 죄와 죽음의 의식 연구

이춘화 ( Lee¸ Chun-wha ) 현대영미어문학회 1991 현대영미어문학 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose in this paper is to study the aspects and the meaning in sinuated with the Mannons’ sin and death’s consciousness intentively dealt with in the tragedy, Mourning Becomes Electra by Eugene Glad stone O’Neill. According to him it may well be that a sin-haunted life alongwith death’s consciousness is human being’s universal inevitable truth. In chapter Ⅱ, I deal with what and how Ezra’s death consciousness reflects in his attitude of life. And his being is characteristic of the Greek-temple-like Mannon residence. The grand house of the Mannons is himself and his tomb as well as his family. Ezra, in his judge’s robe in his portrait seems to preside over the happenings of the family. But when he turns from the civil war to his family, his one desire is for expiation. In spite, as he said, “Life was a dying. Being born was starting to die. Death was being born,” he is the incarnation of death image appearing the personification of “death in life.” as well. In chapter Ⅲ, this study drives the logical line to analyze Lavinia’s Fate consciousness. Lavinia forswears the happiness her upcoming mar riage might have brought her, and locks herself inside the shuttered house to atone during the rest of her life for the series of sins of the Mannon family. Her puritan heritage keeping aloof Lavinia, in her living death, must pay the dear price for being the last of the cursed family and is working out the curse-redemption. In chapter Ⅳ, I attempt to analyze Orin’s sinnings and death con sciousness. He manages to escape from death in life, from the “tomb” which Abe Mannon built to death-birth-peace, to the womb. He longs to fall in such love with Lavinia. Of course, he is given a flat refusal by her only to drive him to death. In other words, Orin’s private Furies, com bined with the puritanical influence of the Mannon family, lead him to adopt the personality and even the office of his own father, while Lavin ia adopts that of her mother. Thus their relationship moves, on his part, closer to that incestuous consummation he was unble to achieve with his mother. Far from reaching peace through the intervention of those around him, he can find his release through suicide. Consequently, O’Neill shows that any human life in this world which is represented by the Mannons is deprived of order, form and meaning. Their sinning and consciousness can not help redeeming themselves from the sin, and accepting their death. As for the Mannons, their attempts to escape from their psychological sin-consciousness seem impossible for them to. As the play is coming to its end with a return to the house, it is noticed as a tomb in which all the Mannons have committed their secret crimes, drawn out their lives and then must endure their punishment. O’Neill is to be recognized as a successful writer to replace the Greek fate by the natural forces of sin-consciousness we all have.

정신간호 중재를 위한 안구운동 민감성 소실 및 재처리 요법 문헌고찰

이광자 ( Kwang Ja Lee ),송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ),유한영 ( Han Young Yu ),최원철 ( Won Chol Choi ),최남영 ( Nam Young Choi ),정춘화 ( Chun Wha Jung ) 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2009 정신간호학회지 Vol.18 No.4

일부 공공 및 학교시설에서의 석면 분포특성 조사

노영만(Young-Man Roh),박화미(Wha Me Park),이철민(Choel Min Lee),김윤신(Yoon Shin Kim),이상운(Sang Woon Lee),석미희(Mi Hee Suk),정춘화(Chun Hwa Jeong) 한국실내환경학회 2007 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.4 No.3·4

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of asbestos distribution in 6 public and 6 school buildings from August to September in 2006. The bulk samples were analysed by PLM(polarized light microscope). Also the airborne samples were analysed PCM(phase contrast microscope) and confirmed by SEM-EDX(scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive using X-ray analysis) method. The 6 public buildings included the ACM(asbestos containing material) ranged 2-7 % of chrysotile in 70 % of samples from ceiling, floor tile, and wall board and has 20 % tremolite in 2 ceiling plaster. The 6 school buildings were identified 1.5 % tremolite in one sample and showed the similar asbestos distribution with the public building. The airborne concentrations of fiber materials were ranged with 0.000-0.017 f/cc in public places and 0.000-0.012 f/cc in school building by PCM. However, the asbestos fibers could not be found by SEM-EDX. In the result of physical assessment of ACM in each buildings, it is considered that there is no chance of a hazardous situation because the ACM is not friable. Its suggested that the asbestos control plan should be established to prevent asbestos exposure to occupants from damaged ACM by repairing and custodial work.

Mourning Becomes Electra에 나타난 죄와 죽음의 의식 연구

이춘화 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1992 현대영미어문학 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose in this paper is to study the aspects and the meaning insinuated with the Mannons' sin and death's consciousness inventively dealt with in the tragedy, Mourning Becomes Electra by Eugene Gladstone O'Neill. According to him it may well be that a sin-haunted life alongwith death's consciousness is human being's universal inevitable truth. In chapter II, I deal with what and how Ezra's death consciousness reflects in his attitude of life. And his being is characteristic of the Greek-temple-like Mannon residence. The grand house of the Mannons is himself and his tomb as well as his family. Ezra, in his judge's robe in his portrait seems to preside over the happenings of the family. But when he turns from the civil war to his family, his one desire is for expiation. In spite, as he said, "Life was a dying. Being born was starting to die. Death was being born," he is the incarnation of death image appearing the personification of "death in life." as well. In chapter III, this study drives the logical line to analyze Lavinia's Fate consciousness. Lavinia forswears the happiness her upcoming marriage might have brought her, and locks herself inside the shuttered house to atone during the rest of her life for the series of sins of the Mannon family, Her puritan heritage keeping aloof Lavinia, in her living death, must pay the dear price for being the last of the cursed family and is working out the curse-redemption. In chapter IV, I attempt to analyze Orin's sinnings and death consciousness. He manages to escape from death in life, from the "tomb" which Abe Mannon built to death-birth-peace, to the womb. He longs to fall in such love with Lavinia. Of course, he is given a flat refusal by her only to drive him to death. In other words, Orin's private Furies, combined with the puritanical influence of the Mannon family, lead him to adopt the personality and even the office of his own father, while Lavinia adopts that of her mother. Thus their relationship moves, on his part, closer to that incestuous consummation he was uncle to achieve with his mother. Far from reaching peace through the intervention of those around him, he can find his release through suicide. Consequently, O'Neill shows that any human life in this world which is represented by the Mannons is deprived of order, form and meaning. Their sinning and consciousness can not help redeeming themselves from the sin, and accepting their death. As for the Mannons, their attempts to escape from their psychological sin-consciousness seem impossible for them to. As the play is coming to its end with a return to the house, it is noticed as a tomb in which all the Mannons have committed their secret crimes, drawn out their lives and then must endure their punishment. O'Neill is to be recognized as a successful writer to replace the Greek fate by the natural forces of sin-consciousness we all have.

가정 호흡재활 프로그램 관련 연구 논문 분석

오의금,김소희,김순희,박희옥,이춘화 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of research on the use of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation. Method: Using Medline and CINAHL search engine, experiemental research, titled as 'home-based pulmonary rehabilitation' and 'chronic lung disease', statistics were collected. The total 29 experimental studies published between 1981 to 2000 were selected and analyzed according to the ATS guidelines. Result: 1) The study samples in research were mostly of men, whose lung function was moderate to severe. 2) The total period of the intervention program varied from 5 to 12 week. The program included excercise intervention and educational intervention. Psychosocial intervention was minimal. 3) The outcome of the home-based pulmonary rehabilitation had been measured mostly by physical aspects. Quality of life and cost were less frequently measured. 4) In terms of effectiveness of the home based pulmonary rehabilitation program, physiologic outcome, such as lung function and hematologic markers, there was more 'no effect' than 'positive effect', whereas there was more 'positive effect' in decreasing dyspnea, improving excercise capacity, and improving quality of life. Conclusion: Based on these findings, future research on home-based pulmonary rehabilitation should be emphasized and provide standardized protocol, including psychosocial intervention, and analyses on cost and quality of life.

Desire Under the Elms에 나타난 모성

이춘화 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1997 현대영미어문학 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the maternity in Desire Under the Elms. The literary approach of the thesis is on the author autobiography. In part II, there is a sinister maternity which dominates Eben. In the early part of the play, Abbie is eager to subdue Eben. She has the strong desire of possession and greed for Cabot's farm. She also has sexual desire for Eben, who needs his dead mother's soft and warm love. But Eben resists her temptation in spite of being attracted by her sexual desire. In part III, there is a protective maternity which Eben longs for. In part two scene three, Abbie is changed. She has the unselfish mother's love which Eben has eagerly longed for from the beginning of the play. She has the baby of Eben in the result of their desire. Eben can not understand her true love which she wishes to keep at all costs. She tries desperately to show her absolute love to Eben, and kills her baby to prove her love. O'Neill has an ambivalent love for his mother, Ella Ouinlan O'Neill. He loves her and at the same time hates her. She influences him through his whole life. In this play, O'Neill struggles to overcome the feeling for his mother. Ella is the prototype of Abbie who has a sinister and protective love. Consequently, it is assumed that O'Neill wishes to present a sincere maternal love which Abbie pays for her whole life.

A Moon for the Misbegotten에 나타난 이상적 여인상 연구

이춘화 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1997 현대영미어문학 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to study the ideal woman in Eugene O'Neill's A Moon for the Misbegotten. In part II, I deal with Josie's physical strength, unusually great for a woman, which almost makes her a freak. She also has a characteristically Irish appearance, and I assume that her ethnicity is a major aspect of the ideal woman in this play. In part III, I attempt to analyze Josie's maternal personality. She has a warm and tender heart. She serves vicariously as a mother for James Tyrone, Jr. She forgives his sinful soul. This is the reason for her existence. Consequently, O'Neill shows that the ideal woman is selfless and devoted to her man. She is physically and mentally strong. It is the woman, not the man, who can bring a kind of redemption to the world around her.

黃體 Hormone이 各種子宮收縮劑 使用時 家兎子宮收縮 機能에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

韓春華,李壽鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1980 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.17 No.1

Progesterone is known to have the major function of preparing the endometrium for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Progesterone acts on both the endometrium and the myometrium to decrease spontaneous uterine activity, and inhibit the response of the uterus to oxytocic hormones during the post ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. This includes the transportation, implantation and early development of the fertilized ovum. It also inhibits spontaneous motility of the human uterus. An attempt was made to clarify the effect on uterine contractility of prostaglandin F_(2α) and other oxytocics in progesterone preconditioned live albino rabbits weighing approximately 2.0㎏ each. The intrauterine pressure and the respiratory tidal volume were recorded on the physiograph by using pressure transducers. A group of albino rabbits was used as the control group and the other group was chosen 24 hours after conditioning with the 0.735㎎/㎏ of progesterone for 3 days. 1. The blood pressures in the control group part of which were injected with ergonovine and prostaglandin F_(2α), were 112 and 116㎜Hg, respectively. This showed an increase as compared with the normal blood pressure of 100㎜Hg. They showed the same increase of blood pressure with the use of either oxytocin or prostaglandin F_(2α) in the progesterone preconditioned group. The remaining group injected with other uterine contractors showed no blood pressure change. Blood pressure changes were noted in both the control and progesterone preconditioned groups after injection with prostaglandin F_(2α). There were significant changes in both the respiratory tidal volume and the respiratory rate. 2. The intrauterine pressure of the control group was 9.50㎜Hg for 45.4 sec. with 2.5 cont./min, while the progesterone preconditioned group showed 5.6㎜Hg for 22.3 sec. with 2.58 cont./min. It was therefore demonstrated that the contractility decreased in the progesterone group. 3. The uterine contractility in the sparteine sulfate administrated to the control group showed 15.33㎜Hg for 127.2 sec. with 3.6 cont./min. The progesterone preconditioned group showed 8.6㎜Hg for 50.6 sec. with 4.7 cont./min. Contractility in the preconditioned group was reduced about fifty percent. 4. The intrauterine pressure of the control group given ergonovine showed 12.6㎜Hg for 59.0sec. with 2.3 cont./min. The contractility in the progesterone preconditioned group showed 6.5㎜Hg for 18.7sec. with 3.2 cont./min. It was therefore demonstrated that the contractility was decreased to half in the progesterone preconditioned group compared to that of the control group. 5. The uterine contractility in the methergin administered group showed 12.2㎜Hg for 24 sec. with 5.2 cont./min. while the pregesterone preconditioned group showed 7.0㎜Hg for 25.5 sec with 2.3 cont./min. It was also shown that the contractility was reduced in the progesterone administered group. 6. The intrauterine pressure of the control group using oxytocin showed 17.0㎜Hg for 56.3 sec. with 2.75 cont./min. At the same time the intrauterine pressure in the progesterone preconditioned group showed 7.3㎜Hg for 33.4 sec. with 4.7 cont./min. It was therefore shown that the contractility in the hormone given group was reduced by 50% in comparison to that of the control group. 7. The uterine contractility in the control group given prostaglandin F_(2α) showed 18.8㎜Hg for 162.7sec with 1.8 cont./min. while the contractility in the progesterone preconditioned group treated similarly showed 80㎜Hg for 67.9sec. with 4.4 cont./min. It was noted, therefore, that the contractility in the progesterone preconditioned group was reduced to more than half with the use of prostaglandin F_(2α).

Omphalocele 1例

韓春華,鄭進成,李揆完,郭素明,權玉順 최신의학사 1973 最新醫學 Vol.16 No.11

Omphalocele is a rare congenital malformation which is a herniation of abdominal viscera into the base of the umbilical cord. A case of omphalocele is presented and the literatures on the omphalocele are briefly reviewed.