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이지현 ( Ji Hyun Yi ),문우성 ( Woo Sung Moon ),윤석권 ( Seok Kweon Yun ),김한욱 ( Han Uk Kim ),임철완 ( Chull Wan Ihm ) 대한피부과학회 2006 대한피부과학회지 Vol.44 No.5
Background: Metastatic skin cancers are relatively uncommon, however, may forcast the diagnosis of internal malignancy. Therefore, early recognition can contribute to proper management. Objective: We studied patients with metastatic skin cancer to find out average age, gender distribution, frequency of primary tumor, time interval between manifestation and primary cancer, and their clinical appearance, location, other metastatic sites and survival time. Methods: We reviewed the medical records, clinical photographs and histopathologic records of 80 patients who had been diagnosed with metastatic skin cancer at the department of dermatology and pathology in Chonbuk National University Hospital during the last 19 years from January 1986 to December 2004. Results: The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 58.8 years. The ratio of men to women was 1.05:1. The most frequent primary tumors were breast cancer (20.0%), lung cancer (15.0%), colorectal cancer (8.8%), head and neck cancer (8.8%), and gastric cancer (8.8%). Lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women were the most common primary cancers. The sites of metastatic skin cancer were widespread over the whole body. However, the abdomen and chest were the most common sites for metastases, because most cutaneous metastases occur at body regions near the primary tumor. Metastatic skin cancers usually presented as discrete, painless, hard nodules, with sudden onset. However, we also found ulcers, inflammatory patches, plaques and cystic masses as clinical manifestations of metastatic skin cancer. The mean interval time between manifestation and primary tumor was 23.5 months. Histopathological findings indicated that adenocarcinoma was the most common pathologic type, followed by squamous carcinoma, melanoma and small cell carcinoma. Metastatic skin cancers revealed grave prognosis. The mean survival time after diagnosis of metastatic skin cancer was 9.9 months. Conclusion: The incidence of metastatic skin cancer was much lower than in western countries, maybe because of genetic and racial differences. Overall incidence of common metastatic skin cancer was similar to that found in the literature, but our results showed a periodic difference according to primary cancer type, other organs metastasized, plus mean survival rate was 9.9 months, thereby confirming a poor prognosis of metastatic skin cancer. (Korean J Dermatol 2006;44(5):567~573)
간호학과 남학생과 여학생 간의 대학생활 수준에 영향을 미치는 예측변인들
이지현 ( Yi Hyun Ji ),장은영 ( Eun Young Jang ),이선미 ( Soun Mee Lee ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2012 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.37 No.2
Objectives: The number of male nursing students has been increased, but there has been few study which explored their adaptation to college. The present study explored adaptation to college of male nursing students and the possible predictors, and then compared them with those of females. Methods: Participants (269 nursing students; 200 females and 69 males) indicated their gender, age and year, and then responded to the questionnaire including the scales, such as adaptation to college, big-five factor of personality, group identification, social support, experiences of supervision, perceived advantages and disadvantages due to their gender, role model of their gender, and self-esteem after practical training. Results: Male nursing students perceived they were more agreeable, more open-minded, less neurotic and more adaptable to college, nevertheless more disadvantageous than females. Also, educational supervision influenced their adaptation to college of male nursing students, while female students adaptation were subjective to supportive supervision. Additionally, both of male and female nursing students perceived they were more adaptive to college, when they felt they were socially supported or they had role model of their gender. Conclusions: To increased retention and adaptation to college of male nursing students, differentiated tactics specialized for gender should be considered.
이지현 ( Ji Hyun Yi ),이진석 ( Jinseok Lee ) 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2014 교사교육연구 Vol.53 No.4
교과서는 교육과정 구현을 위한 다양한 자료 중에서 가장 핵심적인 교재이다. 사회 교과서 내의 탐구활동은 7차 교육과정 이후부터 강조되고 있는 ‘자기 주도적 학습 능력과 창의적 사고력 함양’을위해 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 한국과 일본의 중학교 사회과 교과서에 실려 있는 탐구활동을 비교·분석하여 사회 교과서 탐구활동의 특징을 파악해 보았다. 사회 교과서에 나타난 탐구활동을 분석하기 위해 크게 탐구활동의 빈도와 탐구활동의 내용 구성으로 나누었다. 그리고 내용 구성은 제시 자료 형태, 자료 유형, 발문 수준에 따라 탐구활동을 분류하여 분석하였다. 탐구활동의 빈도는 일본의 사회 교과서에 비해 한국의 사회 교과서에 탐구활동이 더 빈번하게 등장했다는 점은 긍정적 의미가 있다고 본다. 다음으로 제시 자료 형태에 따른 탐구활동 분석 결과를 보면, 한국의 탐구활동은 그림보다는 사진을 더 많이 제시하고 있는데 비해 일본의 경우에는 사진보다는 그림이 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 자료 유형에 따른 탐구활동의 분석 결과는 한국은 자료 비교·분석형, 학습내용 확인형, 의사결정형과 문제해결형 등의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 일본은 의사결정형, 학생활동형, 자료비교·분석형 등의 순으로 나타났다. 한국 교과서의 탐구활동은 내용이 본문 학습의 연장선상에서 단순한 결과만을 유도하거나 본문의 자료를 바탕으로 비교하는 문제가 많고, 일본 교과서는 자신의 입장을 정리하고 토론하거나 자신의 생각을 자유롭게 표현하도록 하는 유형이 많은 것으로 드러났다. 발문의 수준에 따른 탐구활동의 분석 결과를 살펴보면, 한국 교과서는 폐쇄적 발문이 개연적 발문보다 월등히 높게 나타났다. 반면, 일본 교과서는 개연적 발문이 폐쇄적 발문의 비율보다 높게 나타났음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 한국과 일본의 사회교과서 비교분석 결과는 한국의 사회 교과서에 시사하는 바는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탐구활동에서 의사결정력과 학생활동형의 비중이 제고되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 문자자료와 함께 시각적 자료를 통해 지식을 효과적으로 전달하는 한편, 본문 내용을 새로운 측면에서 해석하도록 유도하는 탐구활동의 개발이 필요하다. 끝으로, 한국의 사회 교과서 탐구활동은 전체적으로 폐쇄적 발문이 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 앞으로 개연적 발문으로 고차적 사고와 탐구기능을 형성할 수 있도록 탐구활동이 구성되어야 할 것이다. The Korean 7th national curriculum focus on self directed exploratory learning and problem solving abilities was revised in 2009 to expand the area of ‘inquiry activities``. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the inquiry activities corresponds with the intent of self-directed learning have been reflected properly in Korean and Japanese social studies textbooks. Korean and Japanese middle school social studies textbooks were analyzed under four criterion. The results were as follows; First, the frequency of inquiry activities were presented more frequently in Korean textbooks. Second, both Korean and Japanese textbooks had more portions of complex material than text material. But while Korean textbooks had many entries of photographs, illustrations were found in Japanese textbooks. Third, learning content verification and comparison analysis questions accounted for 51.8% in Korean textbooks. However, decision making questions accounted for 45.9% in Japanese textbooks. Fourth, a systematic analysis of adjunctive questioning in Korean textbooks showed that low standard questions consisted of closed questions for students`` content recollection and convergent thinking which made up 71.4% of the total questions. However, in Japanese textbooks open questions accounted for 58.1% of the total questions. The analysis on the inquiry activities suggests: tasks giving much room for various ways of thoughts through content inquiry activities should be provided. Discussion activities in both Korean and Japanese social studies textbooks are not only small in numbers but also insufficient in quality. The discussion questions tend to simply confirm ideas in the main text rather than discuss and apply these ideas in real terms. Therefore, improvements are needed both in terms of quantity and quality for inquiry activities to promote cognitive development which is one of the goals of self-directed learning.