정상적 노화에 있어서 단서속성과 과제유형이 미래기억수행에 미치는 영향

이종형(Jong Hyoung Lee) 한국노년학회 2003 한국노년학 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 연령집단에 따라 미래기억의 수행에서 차이가 나는지를 살펴보고, 단서속성 및 과제유형이 미래기억 수행에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험 은 독특한 표적사건이 기억수행에 효과적이라는 주장(Watkins & Watkins, 1975; Anderson,1985)과 표적사건의 독특성 수준에 따라 미래기억수행에 미치는 영향이 연령집단별로 다를 것이라는 주장(Einstein Holland, McDaniel, & Guynn, 1992)을 검증하기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험 1의 결과, 단서속성과 연령간 상호작용효과가 나타났다. 즉, 독특성이 높은 단서에서 노인집단이 청년집단보다 더 저조한 미래기억수행을 보였다. 청년집단에서는 고 독특성 조건과 중독특성 조건의 수행이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 저 독특성 조건보다 독특성이 높은 조건(고 독특성+중 독특성)에서 더 높은 수행을 보였다. 실험 2는 과제유형에 따라 미래기억수행에 차이가 나는지를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 사건의존기억과제보다 시간의존기억과제가 자기주도적 인출성향이 강하기 때문에 연령에 따른 수행 차가 클 것이라는 주장(Einstein, McDaniet Richardson Guynn & Cunger, 1995)을 검증한 실험2에서는 미래기억에 있어서 연령집단간 수행 차가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났지만, 과제유형에 따른 수행 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. This study was to investigate the effects of memory aids, cue aspects and task types on prospective memory in normal aging. Experiment 1 was to confirm the position that distinctive target events are effective in memory performances, and was to examine the nature of interaction between aspects of target events and age groups. The results showed reliable interaction effects between the two. That is, in high distinctiveness condition older participants performed worse than younger participants. For younger participants, no reliable differences were found between high-distinctiveness condition and medium-distinctiveness condition. But in high distinctiveness condition(high+medium), their performance was better when compared to low-distinctiveness condition. The purpose of experiment 2 was to identify whether or not differences in prospective memory performances exist between different memory task types, and to verify if age-related differences in time-based prospective memory task is greater than in event-based prospective memory task because the former tend to lead to a higher level of self-initiated retrieval. Experiment 2 showed age-related differences, but did not reveal task type related differences.

노년기의 미래기억

이종형(Jong Hyoung Lee),진영선(Young Sun Jin),박민(Min Park) 한국노년학회 2001 한국노년학 Vol.21 No.2

This paper reviewed the literature on the prospective memory(PM) and how aging affect PM. The results of experiential research confirmed cognitive processes that decline with age and other studies showed cognitive processes that do not change with age or show little age differences. Amongst research with many different topics, the general tendency was that there is an unavoidable decline with age in performances on the tasks like recall or recognition. But the studies on PM showed mixed results, meaning that some studies demonstrated age differences but not the others. It is suggested that the main theoretical framework that will lead to the insights for age deficits in PM as well as in retrospective memory is the theory of the limited processing resources. More elaborative research paradigms is needed in order to delineate the factors that will explain the age deficits in PM. 본 논문에서는 미래기억에 대한 연구의 개관과 노화가 미래기억에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보았다. 인지적 노화의 특징을 나타내는 경험적인 연구결과들을 살펴보면 나이가 들면서 쇠퇴하는 인지적 과정들도 있고 변화가 없거나 근소한 연령차만을 보이는 인지영역들도 있다. 이들 영역 중 기억의 노화효과에 대한 연구경향은 재인이나 회상과 같은 과거기억에서는 나이가 듦에 따라 전반적인 결손이 있다는 보고가 주를 이루고 있으나, 미래기억에서는 과거기억과 같은 연령차가 있다는 연구들과 반대로 연령차가 없다는 연구들도 보고되고 있다. 과거기억연구와 마찬가지로 노년기의 미래기억능력의 감소를 시사하는 주요한 이론적 틀로서는 제한된 처리자원이론이 제안되고 있으며, 노화가 미래기억에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 확인하기 위한 보다 정교한 연구패러다임의 개발이 필요하다.

체육고등학교 운동부 감독교사의 역할 수행에 대한 사례 연구

이종형 ( Jong Hyoung Lee ),황관식 ( Kwan Sik Hwang ) 체육과학연구원 2009 체육과학연구 Vol.20 No.3

이 연구는 특수목적고등학교인 체육고등학교라는 특정 집단에 소속된 운동부 감독교사의 역할 수행에 대한 실제 속에 내포된 문화적 의미들을 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 연구대상은 연구참여학교 감독교사 중에서 이 연구의 연구 취지에 동의한 7명으로 구성하였으며, 이 연구에서 사용된 연구기법은 문화기술적 사례연구로 문헌조사, 심층면담 및 참여관찰, 결정적 사건 기록법이며 전체적인 절차는 문제파악 및 연구 계획수립, 자료수집, 자료 분석, 보고단계로 진행하였다. 체육고등학교 운동부 감독교사의 역할 수행에 있어서 연구참여자들은 운동부 전문가와 운동부 관리자, 운동부 봉사자의 역할을 수행하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 첫째, 운동부 전문가로서의 연구참여자들은 이미 체육고등학교와 같은 전문 엘리트 선수를 육성하는 특수목적을 가진 학교의 운동부를 운영하고 있는 것만으로도 전문성을 인정받은 것이지만 이에 만족하지 않고 보다 더 나은 운동기술 지도 방법을 개발하고 적용하여 훈련의 질을 높이며 경기력을 향상시키고 있었다. 둘째, 운동부 관리자로서의 연구참여자들은 담당운동부와 관계되는 행정업무와 선수선발과 진로지도 등이 포함되는 선수관리 업무, 학생, 학교관리자, 학부모, 코치, 동료교사, 종목관련 담당자와의 폭넓고 친밀한 인간관계 유지, 예산확보와 예산운용, 지원금확보 등을 포함하는 예산관리와 같은 영역들에서 그 역할을 다하고 있었다. 셋째, 운동부 봉사자로서의 연구참여자들은 담당운동부의 효율적인 운영을 위하여 개인적인 희생을 감수하면서 학생들에 대한 생활지도, 상담활동, 졸업 후 지도활동과 같은 활동들에 열정을 바치고 있다. This study was conducted under the goal of examining the cultural meaning involved in the actual role operation of director teachers of an athletic club affiliated with a particular group, a physical education high school as a special purpose high school. The subject of this study was composed of seven members of study-related schools` director teachers who agreed to the object of this study. Cultural-descriptive case study, such as record-reference, in-depth interview, participant observation, decisive event record method, was used as study techniques. The whole procedures are as follows: Problem grasping, establishment of study plan, data collection, data analysis, and report. In regard of role operation of the director teacher of an athletic club at a physical education high school, it was found out that research participants played roles of an expert, a manager and a service provider for the athletic club. First, research participants as experts had already gained acknowledgment of their professionalism while operating an athletic club at a physical education high school. However, they developed and applied better athletic technical instruction methods, not remaining satisfied, by which they enhanced training quality and competition skills. Second, research participants as managers of athletic clubs played their roles with respect to administrative business related to an athletic club, in charge of managing business for players including player selection and course guidance etc., while maintaining broad and close relationship with students, school managers, students` parents, coaches, colleague teachers, and persons in charge of applicable events, etc., and acquiring and operating the budget including collection of supporting fund, etc. Third, research participants as service provides for athletic clubs sacrificed their personal lives for efficient operation of their athletic clubs and devoted their passion to such activities as living guidance for students, counseling and harvesting.

초등학교 체육시설 및 교구에 대한 변화가능성과 발전방향

이종형(Lee, Jong-Hyoung),최상락(Choi, Sang-Lak) 한국교육시설학회 2009 敎育施設 Vol.16 No.2

This study is purposed to find out practical problems, explore possible changes and provide qualitative development and development policies of elementary school physical education facilities and training aids. The following is concluded through three rounds of Delphi questionnaires. First, the highest possible change is predicted in that obsolete sports facilities should be replaced and various training aids be purchased. Second, gyms should be established for ensuring indoor sports space and indoor sports facilities should be expanded. Third, modernization and advancement of sports facilities and training aids should be implemented by attracting private investment. Fourth, sports facilities at schools and communities should be exchanged for free. Fifth, sports facilities in the school playground should be diversified for physical education classes by putting play ground facilities in good conditions. Sixth, it is predicted that a sound distribution system can be established for ensuring creative, strong sports facilities and training aids. A department may take full responsibility of buying sports materials and establish an alternative idea for cooperative buying.

초등체육장학 및 행정의 발전방향 모색

이종형(Jong Hyoung Lee),최상락(Sang Lak Choi) 한국스포츠교육학회 2009 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.16 No.3

초등학교 체육전담교사의 체육수업에 대한 학습자의 참여태도

이종형 ( Jong Hyoung Lee ) 한국아동교육학회 2011 아동교육 Vol.20 No.3

이 연구는 체육전담교사의 체육수업에 대한 학습자의 참여태도를 분석하여 초등학교 체육과 교육과정 운영의 활성화를 위한 방안을 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 초등학생 377명을 대상으로 SPSS Ver 10.0 프로그램을 이용하여 X² 검정하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 준비운동과 정리운동 및 교사의 설명과 시범에 대한 학습자 참여태도는 긍정적이었으며, 남녀 간에 있어서는 여학생에 비해 남학생이 만족도에 대한 학습자 참여태도는 긍정적이었으며, 남녀 간에서 여학생에 비해 남학생이 높게 응답하였다. 셋째, 교사의 설명과 시범에 대한 집중 태도는 긍정적이었으며, 남녀 간에는 여학생에 비해 남학생이 높게 응답하였다. 넷째, 가장 선호하는 활동영역은 게임활동으로 응답하였으며, 남녀 간에 있어서는 여학생에 비해 남학생이 좀 더 높게 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to propose a plan for activating the curricula of physical education in primary schools by analyzing students` participating attitude towards physical education class by elementary physical education specialists. A survey of 377 primary students was conducted and x2 verification was carried out by using SPSS ver 10.0 program. The results are as follows. First, students showed a positive attitude towards warming-up, cooling-down, and the teacher`s explanation and demonstration on the whole. To be specific, boys showed a higher level of positive attitude compared with girls. Second, students showed a positive attitude in general towards their pre-class readiness, their activities during class, and their satisfaction levels of achievement after class. Specifically, boys showed a higher level of positive attitude compared with girls. Third, students showed an overall positive attitude towards the teacher`s explanation and concentration on the teacher`s demonstration. To be specific, boys showed a higher level of positive attitude compared with girls. Last, students answered that their favorite activity was playing games by and large. Specifically, boys revealed a higher level compared with girls.

중등체육교원 임용시험제도 절차에 대한 발전방향

이종형(Jong Hyoung Lee),이광재(Gwang Jae Lee) 한국스포츠교육학회 2008 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.15 No.4

중등체육교원 임용시험제도의 논술평가에 대한 변화가능성과 발전방향

이종형(Lee Jong-Hyoung),이광재(Lee Gwang-Jae) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

This study was intended to provide an institutional improvement plan of the examination system for employing physical education teacher of secondary schools, by grasping problems related to the present essay test and researching possible changes of the essay test system. A Delphi method of investigation was adopted, which could be suitable for providing a new alternative proposal through converging and embracing various opinions of physical education experts and education experts. In this way, the followings were concluded on the basis of the Delphi method, which was repeated three times: First, the suggestion is that creative questions should be researched and developed in order to evaluate actual school affairs and diverse thoughts. Questions should be researched and developed so that school affairs can be classified into separate items and diverse contents can be evaluated by experts. Second, the suggestion is that applicants having wide thinking ability of culture and current social issues as well as educational issues, should be selected. In order to select creative and open-minded applicants having wide thinking ability and culture, diversified questions should be developed. Third, the suggestion is that a concrete evaluation method and grading standard for essay examination should be developed by related experts and be clearly presented. In order to establish and operate a concrete evaluation method and grading standard for essay examination, diverse expert groups including professionals of education as well as physical education experts.

초등체육교육과정의 변화가능성과 발전방향

이종형 ( Jong Hyoung Lee ),최상락 ( Sang Lak Choi ) 한국아동교육학회 2009 아동교육 Vol.18 No.2

초등학교 표현활동 교육실태 분석

이종형 ( Jong Hyoung Lee ) 한국아동교육학회 2009 아동교육 Vol.18 No.3