목본식물(木本植物)의 재유령화(再幼齡化)

이재선,문흥규,Yi, Jae-Seon,Moon, Heung-Kyu 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 1990 Journal of Forest Science Vol.7 No.-

Without scientific understanding of the phase change and the rejuvenation in woody perennials, many tree breeders have successfully rejuvenated and multiplied mature trees of some tree species, i.e., Eucalyptus, Pseudotsuga menziesii Sequoia sempervirens, Pinus radiata, Pinus pinaster, Quercus virginiana, Hedera helix, Juglans, apples, grapes, and so on. Practical techniques discussed to rejuvenate the old trees include grafting to younger stock, growth regulator treatment, pruning, repeated cutting, and in vitro culture. However, a combination of skills mentioned is recommended for rejuvenation of the mature propagation material. It is strongly required to develop a morphological and/or biochemical indicator system to judge the juvenility.

참나무류 수형목 (秀型木) 37가계의 기내증식 (器內增殖)

문흥규(Heung Kyu Moon),윤양(Yang Youn),손성호(Sung Ho Son),이석구(Suk Koo Lee),이재선(Jae Sun Yi) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.1

In vitro shoot proliferation and rooting were tested for 2-0 seedlings of half-sib families of 4 plus oaks trees. Nodal segments having axillary buds from 37 families(16 of Quercus acutissima, 10 of Q. variabilis, 7 of Q. serrata, and 4 of Q. mongolica) were cultured on WPM (Woody Plant Medium) supplemented with 0.5 ㎎/ℓ BA (6-benzyladenine) and 0.01 ㎎/ℓ NAA(α-naphthalene acetic acid) and subcultured at 2-3 weeks of intervals fur 6 months. In vitro rooting was carried out on GD(Gresshoff and Doy) medium supplemented with 0.5㎎/ℓ IBA(ndole butyric acid). The capacity for shoot proliferation and rooting was highly varied with families. Generally, white oaks(Q.serrata and Q. mongolica) showed poor response than black oaks(Q. acutissima and Q, variabilis) in shoot proliferation and rooting. Among the total of 37 families, 7 of Q. acutissima, each 2 of Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, and Q. mongolica revealed abilities for continuous shoot proliferation, and the others failed to proliferate. Rooting of the selected oak trees also greatly varied among the families. In Q. acutissima, rooting ratio ranged from 10.0% (CB 25. KG 4) to 89.8% (CB 18). Although 26.7% of KG 16 in Q. variabilis, 3.3% of JN 15 in Q. serrata were rooted, Q. mongolica was not rooted at all in this experimental conditions. No relationship between shoot growth and the rooting ability was observed. Present results suggest the possibility of large-scale micropropagation, but further studies on family differences, shoot-tip necrosis, and callusing of rooting junction are still required to develop reliable micropropagation systems.

상수리나무 기내배양에서의 Pulse 처리에 의한 줄기증식 및 Peat Plug 를 이용한 참나무류 기내줄기의 기외삽목 (器外揷木)

문흥규(Heung Kyu Moon),윤양(Yang Youn),손성호(Sung Ho Son),이석구(Suk Koo Lee),이재선(Jae Seon Yi) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.3

Methods for shoot proliferation via pulse treatment onto the microshoots of Quercus acutissima, and ex vitro root induction using peat plug systems of the microshoots of 4 oak trees were described. Pulsing solution was prepared by the addition of BA and/or BA plus zeatin onto the aqueous WPM and sterilized distilled water. Using the solution, pulsing time was adjusted at different levels(0. 1, 2, 5. 9, and 24 hours). Although the effect of pulsing solution prepared by the addition of cytokinins onto the sterilized distilled water was slightly lower in shoot proliferation rate, a little higher in shoot elongation was observed compared with that of aqueous WPM. One hour of pulse treatment revealed best in shoot proliferation and its elongation, whereas the increment of pulsing time slightly suppressed the response. In addition, prolonged pulse time resulted high frequency of hyperhydric shoot appearance. Single treatment of BA was better in shoot proliferation than that of BA combination with zeatin, whereas the latter treatment usually showed rapid and healthy shoot growth. For ex oitro root induction using peat plug systems, black oaks(Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis) revealed excellent rootability compared with white oaks(Q. serrata and Q. mongolica). Shoot-tip necrosis of white oaks eras one of the big problems for survival. In this study, we discribed the effect of pulse treatment, successful ex vitro rooting system by the incorporation of peat plug, and the possibilities for the overcoming the obstacles on micropropagation of oaks.

Thidiazuron 처리에 의한 히어리나무의 기내번식

강효진,문홍규,이재선,Kang, Hyo-Jin,Moon, Heung-Kyu,Yi, Jae-Seon 한국식물생명공학회 2003 식물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of thidazuron(TDZ) on shoot proliferation and growth from axillary buds of 20-years-old Corylopsis coreana. Shoots proliferation was effectively achieved on WPM(Woody Plant Medium) supplemented with 0.03∼0.1mg/L TDZ. The highest shoot number(6.5$\pm$0.7) was obtained on 0.1mg/L TDZ treatment. On the TDZ medium shoots formed as clusters less than 1cm in height and therefore needed to subculture on GA$_{3}$ containing medium to induce elongation. In consecutive cultures, phenolic compounds were excreted at the proximal part of the explants and inhibited growth of the explants. Growth inhibition by the compounds was overcome using liquid and paper bridge culture system. About 60% of the elongated shoots rooted on half- strength MS medium containing IBA. Generally, IBA was mire effective on in vitro rooting than NAA with optimal range of 0.5mg/L to 1.0mg/L. Rooted plantlets were transferred in an artificial soil(vermculite) and acclimatized in high humidity greenhouse condition. Survival rate differed greatly depending on rooting types of the explants. Two types of rooting were observed. The first type was direct rooting from the explants. The second type was callus formation followed by rooting from the callus. The explants showing the 1st type rooting survived can be multiplicated in vitro by TDZ treatment followed by elongation with GA$_{3}$ and rooting with IBA.

10년생 두릅나무의 동아를 이용한 체세포배 발생 , 식물체 재생 및 단지 이식

문흥규,윤양,이재선 ( Heung Kyu Moon,Yang Youn,Jae Seon Yi ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.1

Somatic embryo induction, plant regeneration, and field establishment were investigated from tissue cultured winter buds of a 10-year-old tree Aralia elata. Embryogenic calli were obtained from cultures of winter buds on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. A number of somatic embryos were regenerated from the calli on an embryo induction medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA. Although abnormal somatic embryos were frequently observed, most of the embryos formed were morphologically normal. All somatic embryos at the later stage of maturity germinated successfully, but only 14% of them could be developed into plantlets on MS basal medium. The plants regenerated from the somatic embryos survived well in the field (survival rates : more than 95%) and have grown normally for three years after transplanting.

음나무 (Kalopanax septemlobus) 체세포배를 이용한 인공종자 조제 및 발아

김용욱,최용의,이재선,문흥규,Kim, Yong-Wook,Choi, Yong-Eui,Yi, Jae-Seon,Moon, Heung-Kyu 한국식물생명공학회 2007 식물생명공학회지 Vol.34 No.3

음나무의 체세포배를 이용하여 인공종자를 조제하고 발아에 미치는 알진산 농도, 체세포배의 크기, 종피내 첨가물 그리고 인공상토 (펄라이트)에 파종시 입자의 크기 및 수용액 처리에 따른 발아율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같이 요약 될 수 있다. 1. 알진산의 농도는 3%로 인공종피를 조제함이 차후 정상적인 발아에 좋은 것으로 나타났고, 알진산 농도가 증가할수록 발아율은 감소하는 경향이었다. 발아배지는 0.02% 활성탄이 첨가된 1/2 MS 배지에서 다소 양호하였다. 2. 체세포배의 크기에 따라서는 $1.5{\sim}5.0\;mm$의 체세포배를 사용하였을 때 인공종자의 발아에 크게 영향이 없었다. 따라서 인공종자화를 위한 체세포배의 크기는 배의 발달단계에 따라 다소 작거나 큰 체세포배를 사용해도 발아에 문제가 없음을 보여주었다. 3. 인공종자의 정상적인 발아를 위해서는 종피 조제시 첨가물이 중요하게 나타났다. 증류수를 첨가시에는 발아가 매우 저조하게 나타났으며, MS 배지 염류를 첨가시키는 것이 발아 및 차후 생장에 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 인공종자의 발아율은 종피내 함유물이 발아에 크게 영향하여 양료배지를 첨가시에 발아에 양호하였다. 인공종자의 발아는 1% gelrite로 고형화 시킨 배지에서도 발아가 가능하지만 발아 후의 정상적인 생장은 억제되는 것으로 나타나 종피에 배지를 첨가하고, 발아배지 또한 양료 배지를 사용하는 것이 발아후의 식물체 생장에 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 이 같은 결과는 음나무의 발아 및 유묘의 생장에는 양료의 요구도가 높다는 것을 시사한다. 5. 인공종자를 상토에 직접 파종하여 발아율을 조사한 결과 발아율은 3% sucrose 수용액 처리시 전체적인 발아율이 가장 양호하게 나타났고 증류수 처리시는 거의 발아되지 않았다. 상토입자의 크기에 따라서는 발아율에 현저한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Artificial seeds were produced by encapsulation of somatic embryos of Kalopanax septemlobus and investigated the effects of alginic acid concentration, size of somatic embryos, additives in capsules and nursery seedbeds for germination. The most suitable concentration of alginic acid was 3% for germination of encapsulated seeds. Germination was suppressed at higher concentration more than 3% alginic acid. For germination of artificial seeds, 1/2 MS medium with 0.02% activated charcoal was effective. There was no significant differences on the germination among the different size of somatic embryos. Additives in hydrated capsule was very important for germination and post-germinative growth of artificial seeds. Germination was severly inhibited in hydrated capsule containing only distilled water. Both sucrose and MS medium addition in hydrate capsule was effective for germination of artificial seeds. When artificial seeds were transferred to soilbed, germination rate was high in perlite containing 3% sucrose but very low in perlite with only water. These results indicate that nursery additives in both hydrate capsules and soilbeds was important for germination of artificial seeds in Kalopanax septemlobus.

상수리나무 유목과 성숙목의 기내번식

문흥규,윤양,이재선 ( Heung Kyu Moon,Yang Youn,Jae Seon Yi ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.3

Present study describes a method on the application of efficient tissue culture systems for the micro-propagation of juvenile and mature sawtooth oak(Quercus acutissima). Nodal segments with axillary buds were used as initial explant sources. WPM(Woody Plant Medium) was the best in growth and proliferation of shoot among the media tested. Although the single effect of zeatin revealed on two dorminant shoot elongation with normal growth until the elevation of levels up to 3.0㎎/ℓ, BAP(N^6-benzyl amino purine) usually showed better response than zeatin on shoot multiplication and/or elongation. In addition, the incorporation of BAP and zeatin onto the culture media represents more effectiveness in shoot proliferation and its growth. Optimum concentrations of BAP and zeatin were 0.5 and 0.05-1.0㎎/ℓ, respectively. Ninety percent of the proliferated shoots was rooted on half-strength GD (Gresshoff and Doy, 1972) medium containing 0.5㎎/ℓ IBA(indole butyric acid) in 4 weeks after culture. Mores than 70% of the rooted plantlets survived after 5 months of transplanting into artificial soil mix containing equal amount of peatmoss and perlite. Among 27 plus tree clones which were grafted twice onto the juvenile rootstocks, only 4 clones revealed the possibility for shoot multiplication through tissue culture system. The capacity for the micropropagation using mature explant sources was highly depended on clonal differences compared with those of octet age. More than 90% of rooting ratio was obtained from the best responding clone. Among the 7 rooting media tested, GD medium was the best far rooting. The most effective rooting was obtained on half-strength GD medium containing 0.2 to 2.0㎎/ℓ IBA. More than 60% of rooted plantlets survived after 5 months of transplanting into the artificial soil mix.

생물반응기 내 침지시간에 따른 백합나무 체세포배 발아 및 생화학적 변화

안찬훈 ( Chan Hoon An ),이재선 ( Jae Seon Yi ),김용욱 ( Yong Wook Kim ),문흥규 ( Heung Kyu Moon ) 한국산림과학회 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.3

백합나무 체세포배 기내발아 방식에 따른 순화묘의 형태적 및 생리적 특성

이찬훈 ( Chan Hoon An ),이재선 ( Jae Seon Yi ),문흥규 ( Heung Kyu Moon ),김용욱 ( Yong Wook Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

The acclimatization of in vitro propagated plants is an important step to produce vigorous plants for clonal forestry and in vitro micro-environment may affect the growth in ex vitro condition. To monitor in vitro environmental effects on the growth in ex vitro condition, several culture systems such semi-solid medium (SS), temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) and continuous immersion bioreactor (CIB) culture types were tested to compare for the growth of acclimated plants of Liriodendron tulipifera. Results suggested that morphological characters, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration and chlorophyll contents of acclimated plants were affected by the different of in vitro culture conditions. CIB type of culture was resulted to the lowest value in the biomass of acclimated plants. Net photosynthsis rate of CIB was the same level as those of SS and TIB. However, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration and CO2 partial pressure in the intercellular air space were lower than those of SS and TIB. The amounts of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids were also lower than those of the other two culture systems, TIB, showing a little lower or higher value than SS in many growth character, is recommended rather than CIB to produce healthy yellow poplar plants in ex situ condition.

근삽에 의한 음나무의 무성번식

김철우,송재모,배찬호,박봉재,문흥규,황석인,이재선,Kim, Chul-Woo,Song, Jae-Mo,Bae, Chan-Ho,Park, Bong-Jae,Moon, Heung-Kyu,Hwang, Suk-In,Yi, Jae-Seon 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2001 Journal of Forest Science Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 음나무의 증식을 위해 근삽을 이용하여 대량번식방법의 체계를 확립하고자 실시하였다. 조사된 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 음나무의 근삽시 생장조절물질의 처리는 고농도보다 저농도가 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 생장조절물질 처리에 따른 부정아 발생율은 IBA, NAA 300mg/L 처리구에서 96.6%로 가장 높게 나타났으나 무처리 역시 90.0%로 높은 부정아 발생율을 나타내었다. 또한 엽의 특성(엽수, 엽신, 엽폭)은 무처리와 생장조절물질 처리간에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 근의 방향에 따른 근삽은 가로근삽(100%)과 세로근삽 (92.5%) 이 모두 90% 이상의 부정아 발생율을 보여 두 처리 모두 높은 부정아 발생율을 나타내었고, 부정아 발생수 및 엽 특성(엽수, 엽병, 엽신 및 엽폭)에 있어서 세로근삽이 가로근삽보다 모두 높게 나타났다. 3. 바로묻기 한 것이 거꾸로묻기 한 것보다 부정아 발생율, 부정아 발생수 및 엽특성(엽수, 엽신, 엽폭)에서 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 거꾸로묻기 한 경우 세근의 발달이 없거나 미약하며, 부정아 발생의 경우 기극 부근에서 발생하여 지면으로 올라오는 경우를 나타냈다. This research was carried out to establish the large quantity propagation system for Kalopanax pictus using root cutting. The results are as follows. As there was no significant difference in the promotion of adventitious shoot development from the root cuttings of Kalopanax pictus among kinds (IBA, NAA and Kinetin) and concentrations (0 to 2000 mg/L) of growth regulators, no application is recommended, which showed more than 90% of shoot development. Horizontal and vertical placement of rooting showed more than 93% of shoot occurrence, but the latter showed more desirable growth traits in the number of shoot development, number of leaf, petiole length, and leaf length and leaf width Polarity was observed and thus normal vertical placement of root cutting is preferred. However, root cuttings placed upside down showed the shoot development at the distal end, which indicates further sophisticated test is necessary to investigate this phenomenon.