실새삼(Cuscuta australis R. Brown) 흡기세포(吸器細胞)의 미세구조(微細構造)

이재두,이규배,Lee, Chai-Doo,Lee, Kyu-Bae 한국현미경학회 1986 Applied microscopy Vol.16 No.2

Ultrastructures of the large and elongated cells (idioblasts) in the haustorium of a parasitic angiosperm, Cuscuta australis R. Brown growing on the host plant, Trifolium repens L. were investigated by the electron microscopy. The idioblasts were characterized by the presence of a large nucleus, small vacuoles, and dense cytoplasm including a number of various cell organelles such as ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum(r-ER), mitochondrion, dictyosome, proplastid, multilamellar structure(MLS), microfilament bundle(MFB), and cytosegresome. Therefore, it is suggested that the idioblasts are metabolical1y very active. Particularly, MLS, MFB, and cytosegresome observed in this study did not appear in the haustorial cells of the other parasitic angiosperms. MLS was transformed into vacuole and also incorporated with cell wall. MFB composed of microfilaments, about each 7.5 nm in diameter, was observed in nucleus and also cytoplasm. Some types of MFB were distinguished on the basis of arrangement of microfilaments. A part of cytoplasm sequestered by stacked cisternae of smooth ER(s-ER), cytosegresome, was altered into a vacuole which was formed by digestion of the sequestered cytoplasm and of cisternae of s-ER. Cell organelles such as MLS, MFB, and cytosegresome were discussed in relation to the metabolic control of the idioblasts.

인삼(人蔘) Callus세포(細胞)의 미세구조적(微細構造的) 비교(比較) 연구(硏究)

이재두,이규배,Lee, Chai-Doo,Lee, Kyu-Bae 한국현미경학회 1978 Applied microscopy Vol.8 No.1

A comparative investigation of fine structure of callus cells derived from tissue culture of Panax ginseng was made by electron microscope. Callus was consisted of large superficial cells and small inner zone cells derived from shoot apex tissue cultured for 16 weeks. Large superficial cells were contained the clusters of starch grains surrounded by a double plastid membrane. Especially, electron dense particles were deposited just inside and outside of plastid membrane and also deposited on mitochondria-like and endoplasmic reticulum-like structures. Crystalline body was also found in superficial cells. Small inner zone cells were characterized by presence of proplastids sheathed by short endoplasmic reticulum profiles. presence of spiral configuration of ribosomes and absence of crystalline body. Organ primordia was consisted of a dense cytoplasm and notable nucleate cells derived from nodal tissue cultured for 67 weeks. Proplastids containing starch grains and crystalline bodies were frequently observed; starch grains are of small quantity and does not form the clusters as in inner zone cells; hexagonal crystalline body itself does not have always limiting membrane. Remarkably. in a few cells of primordia, particles resembling the presumptive virus were observed mainly in condensed nuclear chromatin and also in cytoplasm, in mitochondrion-like organelle.

새삼 ( Cuscuta japonica Choisy ) 의 흡기에 (吸器) 관한 연구 - 1. 숙주조직 침투전의 (侵透前) 흡기

이재두(Chai Doo Lee),이규배(Kyu Bae Lee) 한국식물학회 1985 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.28 No.4

The portion of Cuscuta japonica haustorium which lies external to the host tissues, the upper haustorium, was investigated at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. The haustorium lightly contacted with the host was formed by the expansion of the epidermis and cortex of the stem at the contact side, and to have a group of meristematic cells within the haustorial cortex. When such a haustorium was closely contacted with the host, the meristematic region transofrmed into a primordial structure of the endophyte (endophyte primordium, EP) which may penetrate into the host tissues. EP consisted of the three kinds of cell group: dividing cells at the adaxial or proximal side; large, elongate cells (idioblasts) at the middle portion; compressed cells at the abaxial or basal side. The idioblasts were characterized by the presence of large nuclues, dense cytoplasm, several small vacuoles, and abundant cell organelles including the multilamellar structures and cytosegresomes, and thus suggested to have a high metabolic activity. The features of the EP were discussed in relation to the possibility of the penetrating into the host tissues.

실새삼(Cuscuta australis R. Brown) 흡기(吸器)에서의 통도세포(通導細胞)에 관한 연구

이규배,박종범,이재두,Lee, Kyu-Bae,Park, Jong-Bum,Lee, Chai-Doo 한국현미경학회 1987 Applied microscopy Vol.17 No.1

The elongated filamentous haustorial cells, hyphae, of Cuscuta australis R. Brown penetrated into the vascular tissues of the host plant Trifolium repens L. were studied by the light and electron microscopes. The hyphae reached the host xylem were invaded into the host vessels and then they grew within the host vessels. Finally these hyphae were differentiated into the water conducting elements, xylary hyphae, by thickening of the secondary walls. The hyphae reached the host phloem were branched at the apical regions. These hyphae possessed thin-layered cytoplasm involving the typical features of sieve elements such as the parallel arrays of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, plastids with the clusters of fine starch granules, and mitochondria with the dilated cristae. It was indicated that these hyphae were differentiated into the nutrients conducting elements, phloic hyphae. The structures described were compared with those of other parasitic plants and were discussed in view of the translocation of materials from host to parasite.

기주식물의 (寄主植物) 유조직 (柔祖織) 속에서 생장하는 실새삼 ( Cuscuta australis R. Brown ) 호흡세포의 미세구조

이규배(Kyu Bae Lee),이재두(Chai Doo Lee) 한국식물학회 1991 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.34 No.2

Two cell types, tip cells and hyphal cells, were found at the front of Cuscuta australis endophyte growing into the stem parenchyma of the host plant, Trifolium repens. Each tip cell developed into an elongate, filamentous hypha. The cells of both types possessed a dense cytoplasm including abundant organelles and enlarged nuclei with the deeply lobed envelope. The unevenly thick walls were observed in certain tip cells. The wall penetrated through the middle lamellase of the host cells and engulfed the debris of broken host cells. Some front cells had the plasmalemma-wall invaginations, which increased the surface area and would facilitate material uptake from the host. No plasmodesmata between the host and parasite cells were found; instead, an apoplastic continuity was established by fused cell walls at the interface of the two partners. The apoplast was thought to be the main route for water and nutrients transport.

기생피자식물 (奇生被子植物) 실새삼 ( Cuscuta australis R. Brown ) 의 흡기내 목부의 개체발생

이규배(Kyu Bae Lee),이재두(Chai Doo Lee) 한국식물학회 1991 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.34 No.2

Xylogenesis of the haustoriuam in the parasitic angiosperm Cuscuta australis R. Brown grown on the host plant Trifolium repens L. was studied with light microscopy. As the first event indicating the ontogeny of the haustorial xylem, cell divisions occurred in the fascicular and interfascicular regions of the stele of the parasite stem bearing a mature upper haustoriuim, the portion of haustorium external to host organ. The smaller derivatives contained densely stained cytoplasm and prominent nuclei. It confirmed that these dense cytoplasmic derivataives resulted from the division of the previous vacuolated parenchyma cells. As the haustorium had penetrated the host tissue, the cell division activity extended acropetally from the xylem of the parasite stem toward the base of the haustorium through the interfascicular region of the parasite stem. Thus a strand of the dense cytoplasmic cells was established. At the same time, the densely stained cells adjacent to the xylem of the parasite stem began to differentiate into xylary elements. Eventaually, a strand of haustorial xylem was formed acropetally along the way of the cells with increased cytoplasmic density. The acropetal induction of the division activity of parenchyma cells and its haustorial xylogenesis in the stele of the parasite stem was discussed in relation to a possible generation of morphogenetic or hormonal signal which might lead to a specific pattern of haustorial xylogenesis.

산복사나무 ( Prunus davidiana FR. ) 의 성열배와 (成熱胚) 유식물에 있어서 유관속계의 (幼管束系) 분화

홍성식(Sung Sik Hong),이재두(Chai Doo Lee),소웅영(Woong Young Soh) 한국식물학회 1985 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.28 No.4

To examine the differentiation and transition of vascular system in Prunus davidiana FR., the mature embryo and developing seedings were embedded in paraplast and treated by clearing method. In mature embryo, the procambium was connected with the epicotyl-hypocotyl-radicle axis and cotyledons, whereas protophloem and protoxylem were restricted primarily to the mid-vein and two lateral veins of the cotyledonary base. With the onset of germination, protophloem and protoxylem were differentiated both acropetally and basipetally from the cotyledonary base. The first and second leaf traces appeared in the cotyledonary node, and then differentiated bidirectionally toward the epicotyl and the root tip. The 3rd to 6th leaf traces were connected with the cotyledonary traces in hypocotyl. At the part of the root tip, the xylem was a diarch. As the first and second leaf traces were superimposed at the middle part of the root, the diarch xylem was changed to a tetrarch. As the cotyledonary traces were diverged below the root base, the tetrarch xylem was changed to an octarch. It was suggested that the vascular system of the epicotyl might be superimposed on that of the cotyledon-hypocotyl-root during the formation of the primary vascular system of Prunus davidiana.

人蔘(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)의 胚培養에 관한 硏究 : Ⅰ. Protocorm-like body의 形成 Ⅰ. Formation of Protocorm-like body

李載斗,朴鍾範 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1985 論文集 Vol.36 No.1

The growth and differentiation of the embryo isolated from the Korean ginseng. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, cultured in the medium in vitro have been investigated by the light microscopic examination of the developmental characteristics of organprimodium and the patterns of rooting and shooting. The embryos, excised from the post-maturated seeds, were cultured on the Murashige & Skoog(MS) medium containing various amount of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-d) and kinetin under the 12L : 12D) photoperiod, and completely dark condition. The protocorm-like body developed only when embryos were taken from the seedling two weeks before the germination, and cultured in the dark in the presence of 10^-6M 2,4-D and 10^-8M kinetin. Under such conditions a callus mass developed after 15 weeks and a protocorm-like body developed after 5 months, which eventually developed to become root. Microscopic observation of the sections of pre-protocorm-like body revealed a meristematization in both parenchyma cells in the center of cortex and the vascular cambium cells, which subsequently developed into nodules prior to the development or protocorm-like body.

高麗人蔘에 育種의 關한 硏究 : Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

李載斗,洪性式 成均館大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

This study is the report of karyotype analysis in somatic cell and the investigation of chromosomal aberration was induced by growth substances, X-ray and colchicine as mutagen in tissue culture of Korean ginseng. We obtained the following results. For the karyotype analysis, we used embryo in the seedling and shoot bud, the number of chromsomes(2n) is 48. Of these 46 make pair showning that these are A-chromosome, the homologous chromosome are identified from the centromere and chromosome band and rest of them which correspond to B-chromosome did not form pair corresponds to B-chromosome. It is interresting that one of the B-chromosome is the largest and the other is the smallest. For the induction of artificial mutation, we used growth substances as 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) and cytokinin, and X-ray and colchicine. This treatment induce the variety of chromosome number. Sample cultured in Murashige-Skoog media contained growth substances show mostly diploid chromosome and there were some haploid (n=24) and aneuploid. Among the aneuploid observed are 2n-2, 2n+4 or 2n+12. In addition to this, there were tetraploid (4n=96) and their aneuploid (4n-4, 4n-1 and 4n+6). However, X-ray irradiation cause n and 4n disappear and some aneuploid of 2n type (2n-8, 2n-2 and 2n+2) and 2n phase. Next, we observed the effect of colchicine in the suspension culture, in this experiment we recognized n, 2n and their aneuploid. However, we did not observed tetraploid. The variation from n to 2n is gradual and there is no 4n indicating that the furture experiment of cytological mechanism of mutation induced by growt-h substances will be useful of developing new breed of Korean ginseng.

植物組織培養에 있어서 生長物質의 效果에 關한 硏究

李載斗,洪性式 成均館大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

The object of this study is to clarify the effects of single and combination treatments of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin in young stem cultures of Paeonia albiflora. Basic medium was Murashige & Skoog's medium, and all media were adjusted to pH 5.8 before autoclaving. This experiments were carried out in the dark room and it was kept with temperature of 25±1℃. In single treatment of above various growth substances, the optimum concentrations on callus initiation were NAA of 0.5mg/l,2,4-D of 0.5mg/l,IAA of 0.05mg/l and kinetin of 0.3mg/l. In combination treatments of above various growth substances 2,4-D+kinetin would be very efficient to clone formation, but did notinduce root differentiation. And, it's suggested that the effects of 2.4-D+kinetin+NAA, 2,4-D+kinetin+IAA and 2,4-D+kinetin+NAA+IAA were same as 2,4-D+kinetin, and NAA+2,4-D showed clone formation efficiently. Also, adding of NAA or 2,4-D established clone formation and root differentiation. On the other hand, NAA+kinetin would be effective to root differentiation. Nevertheless, excellent root differentiation and development would be established from the clones in which was trasfered from basic medium+NAA (0.5mg/l) to basic medium.