The Effect of Exposure to English-Speaking Environment on English Oral Proficiency : 영어환경에의 노출이 영어구사능력에 미치는 영향 연구

Lee Ilseok(이일석) 한국홀리스틱교육학회 2006 홀리스틱융합교육연구 Vol.10 No.2

이 연구는 한국의 대학생들의 영어 구사 능력과 학생들의 개인적 영어학습 배경과의 관계를 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 2004년 단국대학교에 개설된 토익 수업을 들은 학생들 중 연구에 참여하고자 자원한 학생들 184명을 선정하였다. 이들을 대상으로 우선 학생들의 개인적 경험과 습득배경을 조사하기 위해 학생들에게 개인적 신상정보 및 영어 교육의 정도, 영어 학습도에 관련된 총 13개의 문항으로 구성된 설문지를 작성하도록 하였다. 이들의 영어 성적정도에 따라 30명을 선출하여 이들의 정확한 영어 구사 능력 정도를 객관적으로 평가하기 위해 ETS에서 시행하는 SEPT 말하기 시험을 보게 하였다. 그리고 시험 결과를 학생들이 답변한 설문지의 내용과 비교하여 그들의 영어구사능력이 영어교육 정도와 어느 정도의 관계를 갖는지 연구하였다. 이 논문에서는 말하기 시험의 종류와 시행 방법, 성적의 측정 효율성과 신뢰도에 관련된 문헌 연구를 하였으며, 또한 기존의 영어 실력 측정과 관련한 연구 결과를 미리 분석하여 이 연구결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 연구 참여자들의 개인적 교육배경, 예를 들어 영어권 국가 체류경험이나 사설 영어 학원에서의 학습, 영어와 관련된 시험(TOEIC, SEPT 등)을 본 회수 정도에 따라 영어로 의사소통하는 능력과 구사능력이 상당한 차이를 보이는 것을 알아낼 수 있었다. 구체적인 결과로는 외국에서의 체류 경험이 3개월 미만인 학생들의 평균 SEPT점수는 28.9점인데 반해, 3-6개월 체류자의 경우 34.3점, 그리고 6개월 이상 체류자의 경우 평균 40.5점을 보여 체류 개월 수에 따라 말하기 성적도 TOEIC 점수로 비교해 본 결과 상응하는 향상을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 이어 SEPT시험을 본 경험이 있는 학생들은 그렇지 않은 학생들보다 구사 능력이 뛰어난 것으로 드러나 역시 시험을 본 회수에 따라서도 유의한 차이를 보였다. This study investigates the relationship between Korean EFL students" total scores of the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC), including their scores on the separate TOEIC sections (Listening and Reading) and the Spoken English Proficiency Test (SEPT) test scores. Further, the goal of study is to examine how the listening scores, the reading scores, and the total composite scores of the TOEIC are related to students" biographical information, educational background, and English language experience, such as exposure and English use in private language institutes and extracurricular exposure to English from out-of-class activities. The study has been conducted to explore the relationship between the SEPT test scores and their biographical information, educational background, and English language experiences, and previous SEPT test-taking experiences as reported on the background information questionnaire.

스탠딩 데스크의 인간공학 가이드라인 개발

이일석(Ilseok Lee),고명훈(Myeonghoon Ko),남연경(YunKyung Nam),진상은(Sangeun Jin) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Objective: This study aimed to develop ergonomic guidelines for the standing desk with a focus on the use of armrest that may significantly modify the shoulder, arm, wrist and neck postures. Background: Applicable ergonomic guidelines exist for the sitting office workstation, but previous studies revealed that the guideline is not adaptable in the standing workstation, in that the workstation changes shoulder, elbow and wrist postures. Method: Fourteen healthy male participants were asked to use two standing desk shapes (plane and concave (assuming armrest) boards), two monitor heights (eyeline and -10cm from eyeline), and three desk heights (-5, 0, +5 from elbow height) for three minutes. Also, two sitting postures with or without a backrest were recorded. During the experimental trials, the kinematic and muscle recruitment patterns in neck, lumbar, shoulder and wrist were measured by the motion capture system and EMG, and the desk location, monitor height and angle were recorded. Results: In general, use of the standing desk showed significantly better lower back, shoulder and head postures as comparted to the sitting workstation, but the wrist extension angle was significantly increased in the standing posture, especially in the desk height of -5 and 0 cm. In contrast, the wrist extension angle showed a significant decrease (14.3%, about 4°) under the +5 cm height condition, suggesting a positive effect of the armrest, but at the cost of ulnar deviation (10.4%, about 2°). The following EMG analysis support the result extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and paraspinals at L4. Under the +5 cm height condition, the positive effects of armrest resulted in 2% and 1% decrease in muscle activation level of extensor carpi radialis and paraspinals at L4, respectively. The benefit of the higher desk was also showed on rounded shoulder angle (about 2.3° decreased under the +5 cm height), but at the cost of shoulder abduction angle (about 12°). The two negative effects (ulnar deviation and shoulder abduction angle) can be solved. In shoulder abduction case, the armrest supports the load from the abduction, and wrist ulnar deviation can be solved by using the ergonomic keyboard which the center is bent. Conclusion: This study found that the standing desk had positive effects on wrist, shoulder and head posture same as the previous study. Furthermore, current study found that the standing desk with armrest (desk under the +5 cm height) effect showed more positive effects on various upper extremities. Application: Using a standing desk instead of sitting desk can be a good strategy. Especially, the use of standing desk under the +5 cm height condition will have a positive effect on the prevention of worker’s musculoskeletal disorders.

사고 보고 활성화를 위한 사고 미보고 원인 분석

이일석(Ilseok Lee),김범수(Beom Soo Kim),진상은(Sangeun Jin) 대한인간공학회 2019 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.38 No.6

Objective: The goal of current study was to investigate the main reasons of unreported accidents in a view point of system, person, and working environment. Background: Various accidents could happen anytime and anywhere of the industrial sites. Regardless of the accident severity and type, industry have been emphasized the importance of accident reporting to prevent a severe accident in future. Despite of the effort to increase the accident report, numerous numbers of near-misses and minor accidents were not reported in various reasons. Method: The current study was conducted with a questionnaire, consisted of three main question and 22 sub-questions asking about the reason of the unreported accidents. Total 763 workers at a chemical company in Republic of Korea answered the questionnaire. Results: In both 2016 and 2018, more than 80% of workers agreed the sentence that the accident must be reported. Regardless of the individual"s perception on the accident reporting (e.g., agree, disagree and hesitate) and the position of workers (e.g., employee, manager and supervisor), the followings were selected as non-reporting reasons: 1) when workers judged that the incident can be solved by themselves; 2) when workers believed that the damage is minimal; 3) when the worker judged that the accident reporting increases workload; 4) when the report took a lot of time to complete form; and 5) when the reporting system was complex. Especially, most workers responded that the main reason of avoiding accident reporting was when workers believed that the accident could be immediately solved and trivial. In contrast, for the workers who were aware that the accident report is not necessary, the extra time required to report the accident was one of the main reason of unreported accident. Conclusion: The company could concentrate on the training of workers explaining the effectiveness and importance of accident reporting for having a leading indicator of accidents, and could be able to develop and provide an easier way of the accident reporting system. Application: The results of this study could be used to enhance the safety culture of a company by using the result in the safety education or advertisement.

폼 충진 모자단면 빔의 굽힘붕괴 특성

이일석(Ilseok Lee),강성종(Sungjong Kang) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.14 No.2

장시간 착좌 시 착좌 전략에 따른 상체의 생체역학적 변화

김슬기(Seulgi Kim),이일석(Ilseok Lee),강상현(Sang Hyeon Kang),진상은(Sangeun Jin) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Objective: This study investigated the change of body postures according to various lower extremity seating strategies while prolonged sitting. Background: Previous studies has been studied various chair designs, but they are limited in that they just simply focused on the low back posture in a short time. Method: A total of 16 adult male and female healthy participants were recruited, and asked to sit for 45 minutes and watch a video without any restriction. Each participant visited three times for testing three different sitting strategies including upright sitting, semi-standing, kneeling posture. Body kinematics was measured with a motion capture system including the lumbar flexion angle, the pelvic tilting angle, the head flexion angle, and the rounded shoulder angle. Body kinetics was captured with a forceplate, and used to calculate mean and standard deviation of the center of pressure (CoP) in anterior-posterior axis. Results: In all three sitting strategies, lumbar flexion angle, pelvic tilt angle, head flexion angle and round shoulder angle were significantly different according to sitting strategy and time, but there was no significance in its interaction effect. The upright sitting showed the greatest variation while 45 min sitting with a negative effect on the lumbar lordosis, head flexion and rounded shoulder angle, and the magnitude of negative effects was increased with time. CoP also showed an increase of postural sway over time in upright sitting. Conclusion: The effect of time was clear in all three strategies by showing more postural changes and an increase in discomfort rating. Among three sitting strategies, the upright sitting was worst in all kinematics variable, while the kneeling and semi-standing postures showed more neutral sitting postures while 45 min prolonged sitting. In this study, we propose a seating strategy considering lower extremity such as semi-standing and kneeling rather than upright sitting under the prolonged sitting condition. Application: The office chair should be designed under the consideration of the lower extremity postures such as the position of foots, the knee supporter, and the seat inclination angle.

고해상도 규모상세화모델 KMAPP의 농업지역 기온 및 일사량 예측 성능: 맑은 날 철원 및 전북 사례 연구

신설은 ( Seoleun Shin ),이승재 ( Seung-jae Lee ),노일석 ( Ilseok Noh ),김수현 ( Soo-hyun Kim ),소윤영 ( Yun-young So ),이서연 ( Seoyeon Lee ),민병훈 ( Byung Hoon Min ),김규랑 ( Kyu Rang Kim ) 한국농림기상학회 2020 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.22 No.4

KMAPP은 규모상세화 과정을 통해 100 m 단위의 초고해상도 기상 예측을 산출하는 체계로써 최근 수문, 농업, 신재생에너지 등 다양한 분야에서 활용되기 시작됨에 따라 각 분야별로 예측성능을 검증할 필요가 있다. 철원 지역과 전북 지역은 산지가 많은 우리나라에서 비교적 넓은 범위에 걸쳐서 수평면을 보유하고 있으며, 특히 철원은 대규모 벼 논 재배지역 중에서 실측 및 원격탐사 생물계절 자료가 많은 지역으로 KMAPP 예측 성능을 검증하는데 필요한 관측자료를 사용하기에 적절한 지점으로 판단된다. 이번 연구에서는 철원 내 농경지역의 생태적 변화에 따라 변화하는 KMAPP 기온 예측 성능을 AWS와 ASOS 관측자료를 이용하여 비교 검증하였다. 그리고 전북지역 폭염 기간 동안 가축 고온스트레스 모델과 같은 응용모델에 KMAPP 예측 자료를 입력자료로 활용하는 것을 검토하고자 일사량 예측을 ASOS 자료를 이용하여 검증하였다. 더 많은 사례의 수집과 선정이 필요하다는 한계가 있지만 농경지역에서 추수 후 기온 예측 성능이 일반 주택지 에서보다 더 크게 향상된 것을 통해 생물리적 효과가 예측 정확도에 미치는 영향을 간접적으로 추측해 볼 수 있었다. 한편, 일사량 예측의 경우 단위 변환에 따른 오차가 발생하지만 관측값과 일치하는 경향을 보여 KMAPP 자료가 지역규모의 상세 예측 자료로 응용모델에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Generation of weather forecasts at 100 m resolution through a statistical downscaling process was implemented by Korea Meteorological Administration Post- Processing (KMAPP) system. The KMAPP data started to be used in various industries such as hydrologic, agricultural, and renewable energy, sports, etc. Cheorwon area and Jeonbuk area have horizontal planes in a relatively wide range in Korea, where there are many complex mountainous areas. Cheorwon, which has a large number of in-situ and remotely sensed phenological data over large-scale rice paddy cultivation areas, is considered as an appropriate area for verifying KMAPP prediction performance in agricultural areas. In this study, the performance of predicting KMAPP temperature changes according to ecological changes in agricultural areas in Cheorwon was compared and verified using KMA and National Center for AgroMeteorology (NCAM) observations. Also, during the heat wave in Jeonbuk Province, solar radiation forecast was verified using Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) data to review the usefulness of KMAPP forecast data as input data for application models such as livestock heat stress models. Although there is a limit to the need for more cases to be collected and selected, the improvement in post-harvest temperature forecasting performance in agricultural areas over ordinary residential areas has led to indirect guesses of the biophysical and phenological effects on forecasting accuracy. In the case of solar radiation prediction, it is expected that KMAPP data will be used in the application model as detailed regional forecast data, as it tends to be consistent with observed values, although errors are inevitable due to human activity in agricultural land and data unit conversion.