중국정원의 미학 -조영과 감상의 미적 경계를 중심으로-

이유직,조정송 한국조경학회 1996 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

The traditional gardens of China were constructed on the basis of the common aesthetic consciousness between designers and users. As designers and users communicated each other through the medium of garden, they give suggestions to our design and appreciation of modern landscape architecture. The traditional gardens of China pursued to reach the state of Yi Jing(意境), and this state formed the keynote of the whole field of Chinese culture. Yi Jing is the aesthetic theory originated in Pre-Qin Era, and established in Tang-Dynasty. After this, this theory become the very important aesthetic category of Chinese aesthetics. Yi Jing is the process from conception to appreciation, and requires the three parts of designer, a work of art, and appreciator. To reach Yi Jing, designers must be well grounded and persevere in their efforts. They also had to have the ability of corresponding the inner order of environment and landscape, and expressing their own feelings and emotions into gardens. So ultimately, they were in pursuit of constructing the gardens as if something naturally created. The garden itself is the meeting place of designers and users. The space in which users can think of life, nature, history, and cosmos. In order to do this, designers design the real landscape and non-visual landscape. This design can give appreciators more fertile imagination. Appreciation perfects the Yi Jing of gardens. Yi Jing is created by co-work of artist and appreciator with common aesthetic consciousness and sense. Therefore, it is subjective, and it may be vary with man and time.

"원야"에 나타난 계성의 원림조영이론 연구

이유직 한국조경학회 1997 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Ji Cheng's great work on garden design theory, the 'Yuanye', written in 1631 and originally published in 1634 is the first surviving treatise and most famous and comprehensive work on the suvject in the Chinese tradition. He constructed Dongdiyuan in Changzhou about 1623, Wuyuan in Yizheng in 1631, and Yingyuan in Yangzhou about 1634. But no poems and paintings written by him still exist, and none of his known gardens has survived. Therefore his design philosophy is able to be interpreted only by his work, Yuanye. This study aims at investigating the garden design theory in Yuanye. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Yuanye reflected the garden tastes of literati, and Ji Cheng endeavored to express the deas of literati painting into gardens. 2) The essence of the garden design theory is Xingzao, and Yindi, following the existing lie of the land, and Jiejing, to borrow from the scenery, are two major activities of Xingzao. 3) Ji Cheng's design theory build up on the basis of recognizing the existence of masters. 4) Yindi is the environmental and ecological planning and design method. This is the activity to reach the state of artistry through suitability. 5) Jiejing is not merely borrowing the landscape but the making use of scenery around the garden. And only the master has the skill in fitting in with the form of the land. 6) Ji Cheng pursuits the garden which will look like something naturally created though manmade. It is the goal of the Chinese traditional gardens and ideal situation. 7) Ji Cheng aims to unify the environment and landscape design dialectically into Xingzao.

거창군의 창조도시적 특성에 관한 분석

이유직,이자원 국토지리학회 2010 국토지리학회지 Vol.44 No.4

The ‘Creative city’ was a concept developed by Charles Landry in the late 1980s and has since become a global movement reflecting a new planning paradighm for cities. Its philosophy is that there is always more creative potential in a place. It posits that conditions need to be created for people to think, plan and act with imagination in harnessing opportunities or addressing seemingly intractable urban problems. Creativity is seen as applied not only artists and those involved in the creative economy that are creative. It advocates that a culture of creativity be embedded in how urban stakeholders operate. Geochang has also progressed in urban renewal aspect with its unique cultural and historical landscape after when ‘the Amendment of Kyongnam development plan, 2008’ was issued. It shows efforts for making their own brand with urban environment under their educational strength, which enables Geochang to be filled with its creativism. Analysis of creative index presents that Geochang is growing as one of the creative city with identifies, nurtures,attracts and sustains talent so it is able mobilize ideas, talents and creative organizations comparing with other adjacent regions. 21세기 찰스 랜드리에의해 개발된 ‘창조도시’로의 성장은, 2000년대 후반에 이르러 전 세계적으로 도시재생과 발전 전략의 새로운 패러다임이 되었다. 이는 창조적 개인의 가치를 기반으로 사회적 성장 배경으로 하여 도시의 잠재력과 예술성 및 다양성을 작동 체계로 유연적이고 독창적이며 사회적 위험 부담을 최소화하는 체제로 도시를 발전시키고자 하는 전략에서 비롯된 것이다. 거창군 거창읍 역시 2008년 경상남도 종합개발계획 수정안이 발표된 이후, 거창읍의 독특한 문화적 특성이 기존의 역사적 경관과 함께 그대로 남아있는 현황을 배경으로 창조도시를 표방하고 도시가꾸기를 진행하고 있다. 도시 환경 및 교육을 도시의 브랜드화하려는 노력 등과 함께 도시의 창조성을 극대화하여 산업화시대에 상대적으로 뒤늦은 도시개발을 혁신적으로 이루어 나가고 있다. 이러한 거창군 거창읍의 창조적 도시 특성을 창조지수의 분석과 인근 시군과의 비교를 통하여 살펴보고자 한다.

조선시대 조경제도의 법적 측면에 관한 연구

이유직 한국조경학회 1992 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

This study is executed to investigate the legal and administrative system of the traditional landscape achitecture of Chosun-Dynasty. To pursuit this purpose, All the Codes established in Chosun-Dynasty were examined thoroughly. In Chosun-Dynasty, the landscape architectural activities were mainly carried out by San-Tack-Sa, Chang-Won-seo in the Ministry of Industry and Sa-Po-Seo in the Ministry of Finance. Stipulated in the text, in the early part of Dynasty, Chang-Won-Seo was composed of 63 personnels and Sa-Po-Seo was about 160 personnels involving servants as well as high-ranked officials. But gradually, the size and importance of organizations were reduced. These three organizations were managing the traditional gardens. But the meaning of traditional garden which was expressed in the Codes was relation to the practical aspect, as if planting flowers or fruit trees and breeding animals. The provisions dealing with landscape architectural activities were very poor. Only the provisions concerning with planting and managing the trees of practical use, governing the silkworm rearing areas and prohibition of timbering and quarrying were stipulated.

농촌경관관리 개선을 위한 주체 간 인식비교

이유직,정재현 한국농촌건축학회 2015 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine the Perception of local government officials, who are in charge of The Rural Village Development Project, and planners of local planning firms and Rural Research Institute participating the rural development planning and landscape planning, regarding the problems and improvements for rural landscape management. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. First, the majority of the subject were negative of creating rural landscape and its management. Both groups thought the living landscape was the most problematic. Second, the satisfaction about the rural landscape planning conducted through the Rural Village Development Project was very low. Nevertheless, it is considered that the rural landscape planning will be needed further. Third, the experience of conducting the rural landscape plans is not sufficient enough, which will cause tremendous confusion in the rural landscape administration in the future. Fourth, both groups believed that the rural landscape project will be most effective, while the landscape agreement is least effective. Finally, both groups agreed that strengthening the support for the landscape activities of residents is the most important way improving the further rural landscape management.

동양정원의 조원가와 이론서

이유직 한국건축역사학회 2000 건축역사연구 Vol.9 No.3

농촌공간계획 제도의 올바른 정립을 위하여

이유직 (사)농정연구센터 2020 농정연구 Vol.75 No.-

제50호 발간 기념 논설(1) : 조선시대의 조경제도 및 법규

이유직 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2004 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.22 No.4

독립공원의 조경사적 의의

이유직,Lee, Yoo-Jick 한국조경학회 2008 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

This paper investigates the historical significance of Independence Park in Korean landscape architecture by examining the idea and goal, master plan and scheme, and meaning and limitation of the park The construction was announced in July and began with the Independence Arch in the middle of September, 1896. Dr. Philip Jaisohn (Suh Jai-Pil), Counselor of The Privy Office and president of the Independence newspaper, played an important role in park construction. He formally advised the arrangements and general planning of the park, but he actually played a leading role in the park as much as he designed and superintended the erection of the arch. He had the conception of a productive park for cultivating and experimenting with a variety of trees surrounding the monument. In terms of the history of Korean landscape architecture, Independence Park is important in that it is the first modem city park that was tried independently as part of the modernizing-Seoul project and the only park of which object and scheme were revealed. It also strengthens the roots of Korean modem landscape architecture by pushing Korean history of public parks into the prior time to Japanese colonial period and enriches the contents of Korean modem landscape architecture. Independence Park is the original realization of a public park because it was constructed with participation and donations from the planning stage to the construction and use. In addition, it is the goal and means to inspire the spirit of national independence and patriotism in Korean people and lead them to voluntary awakening, enlightenment, and participation. Independence Park, however, was not constructed according to Dr. Jaisohn's original intent due to the lack of funds and the rudimentary level of landscape construction technology. In addition, the location was too far from downtown and accessibility was very difficult. For these reasons, many do not consider the park as having been constructed. However, this kind of view must be changed. Other parks of the time were not detailed and decorated like typical western parks, but were left as public spaces. In other words, these parks should not be judged by comparing them to western parks. This is the same concept as that of the first parks of modem Korea being called 'park land.' These parks were more natural environments than planned gardens.

계성의『원치』에 관한 기초적 연구

이유직,황기원 한국조경학회 1995 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

Ji Cheng's great work on garden design, the 'Yuanye'(Craft of garden), written in 1631 and originally published in 1634 is the first surviving manual on landscape gardening in the Chinese tradition. This study aims at investigating not only Ji Cheng's life, achievements companionship and design activities, but also the xylographic copies, literary style, and framework of Yuanye in their historical context in order to provide the bases for further study, Ji Cheng was exellent in poetry and painting. And he constructed Dongdiyuan in Changzhou around 1623, Wuyuan in Yiaheng in 1631, and Yingyuan in Yangzhou around 1634 But no poems, paintings, and gardens designed by hi shill exist Therefore his design phi philosophy is able to be interpreted only by his work, Yuanye. After publishing, Yuanye fell into obscurity for several centuries in Chlna. It was redescovered and reprinted for the first time in 1931. Yuanye is composed of prefaces and main text The main text is divided into 'the Theory of Construction' and 'on Gardens', and the latter also into 10 sections. In this text Ji Cheng explains the aesthetic principles underlying garden design and the appropriate emotional response to various efftcts Especially, he emphasizes the importance of basin the garden design on the taxi ting nature and features of landscape and making use of natural scenery. The literary style of the book is highly mannered, and there are so many poetic descriptions and Ji Cheng's native Jiangsu dialects. So the translation of the original text is very difficult After this, the major design concepts of Ji Cheng's landscape gardening theory and whole network of these concepts have to be studied.