잠재성장모형 다집단분석을 통한 여성근로자의 고용상 성차별 경험에 관한 종단연구

윤영득 ( Yoon Young-deuk ),이지하 ( Lee Jie-ha ) 한국가족사회복지학회 2021 한국가족복지학 Vol.68 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in female workers’ experience of gender discrimination in employment and to confirm whether Affirmative Action actually affect changes in female workers’ experience of gender discrimination in employment or not. To this end, the 5th to 7th data (2014-2018) of Korean Women Manager Panel were used, and 1,694 female workers were included in the final analysis, and Multi-Group Analysis was conducted using Latent Growth Modeling. According to the main research results, female workers’ experience of gender discrimination in employment decreased overall from 2014 to 2018, and the rate of change in experience in gender discrimination in employment did not differ between workplaces that did not apply Affirmative Action. In addition, the experience of gender discrimination in employment during the same period tended to decrease across the entire workplace, in which active employment improvement measures were applied, and in non-applied workplaces, but there was no difference in the degree of change depending on the initial value. Based on these results, it is intended to propose a plan to secure the effectiveness of Affirmative Action to resolve gender discrimination in employment of female workers from a long-term perspective.

Al6060S-T6 알루미늄 합금의 크래쉬 박스 적용에 관한 연구

이영득(Young-Deuk Lee),남기우(Ki-Woo Nam),박상현(Sang-Hyun Park),박한주(Han-Ju Park) 대한기계학회 2021 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.45 No.3

본 연구는 기존 소재인 Al6082S-T6을 상대적으로 강도가 낮은 Al6060S-T6으로 대체 가능성을 연구하였다. 인장특성은 크래쉬 박스에서 인장 시편을 만들어 평가하였다. 압축시험은 크래쉬 박스로 평가하였으며, 압축 및 충돌시험은 크래쉬 박스가 조립 된 범퍼 빔으로 평가하였다. Al6082S-T6 크래쉬 박스의 압축시험, 크래쉬 박스가 조립된 범퍼 빔의 압축 및 충돌시험의 특성은 Al6060S-T6보다 높았으나, 충격 에너지 흡수효율이 낮았다. Al6060S-T6 크래쉬 박스의 손상 범위가 Al6082S-T6보다 작으며 충돌성능이 우수한 것으로 판단된다. This study examined the feasibility of replacing Al6082S-T6, which features high rigidity, with Al6060S-T6, which features relatively low rigidity, for the crash box in automobiles. Tensile properties of these alloys were evaluated using crash box specimens, by means of compression and crash tests; compression tests were conducted on the crash boxes, whereas crash tests were conducted using a bumper equipped with a crash box. Results of the compression and crash tests indicate that the crash box composed of Al6082S-T6 showed better performance than that composed of Al6060S-T6, although the impact energy absorption efficiency of the former was lower. Furthermore, the damage to the Al6060S-T6 crash box was less than that to the Al6082S-T6 crash box, indicating the superior collision performance of the former.

06 식품의약품안전처 SESSION : 농산물 중 Thiocarbamate 및 Carboxamide계 농약의 공정 잔류분석법 개발

이영득 ( Young Deuk Lee ),조범석 ( Beom Seok Cho ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods to determine residues of thiocarbamate and carboxamide pesticides are developing for the official inspection of agricultural products. Sample preparation procedures including extraction, partition and Florisil column chromatographic purification were optimized for the simultaneous or individual GLC analysis of five thiocarbamate/carbamate fungicides/herbicide residues in crops. Total of three carboxamide fungicides including ethaboxam. isotianil andtiadinil were also subjected to development for official method of residue analysis. Reversed-phase HPLC using octadecylsilyl columns were employed to separate and determine the analytes using ultraviolet detection. Ethaboxam showed weakly basic nature unlikely to weak acid reported in the current literature. Optimization was undertaken for the sample preparation including extraction, partition and Florisil column chromatographic purification for carboxamide residues as well. Isotianil and tiadinil showing similar polarity could be determined at the same time by single sample preparation where as separate preparation was needed for analysis of ethaboxam with higher polarity. Limit of quantitation of the proposed methods could range 0.02~0.05 mg/kg as estimated by preliminary results. Recovery experiments are ongoing to validate the methods in representative agricultural commodities. Confirmatory or additional quantitative methods would be also conducted using mass spectrometric techniques.

HPLC 및 질량분석학적 재확인법을 이용한 농산물 중 Urea계 제초제 잔류분석법

이영득 ( Young Deuk Lee ),조범석 ( Beom Seok Cho ),도정아 ( Jung Ah Do ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2012 No.-

캐패시터 기반의 고정밀 옵셋조절이 가능한 SAR ADC

전영득(Young-Deuk Jeon),조민형(Min-Hyung Cho),이주현(Joo-Hyun Lee) 대한전자공학회 2018 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.6

잔류허용기준의 국제적 조화를 위한 작물잔류성 시험 방법 및 자료 해석의 합리화

이영득 ( Young Deuk Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-

A procedural and policy-oriented research was undertaken to fulfill the local maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticide residues to the international standards. Scientific basis and criteria for the evaluation of supervised trial dataset to establish local MRLs were precisely compared with MRL calculation systems of Codex, EU and USA, which operated under non-distributional statistical approximations. Practical approach and improvement in pursuit of local implementation was studied to harmonize the local MRL setup system to the international standards in compliance with minimal statistical requirements including number of independent trials, production and handling of residue data along with application of extrapolation cases and food processing factors. Trial guidelines of pesticide residues comprising field and analytical good-laboratory practices (GLPs) were also concisely inspected to produce reliable residue data scientifically applicable to MRL calculation. Manuals with concise standard operating procedures during supervised trials and reporting format for the submission were concurrently provided to readily access the internationally-approved data production.

농산물 중 Methomyl 및 전구체 살충제의 동시 잔류분석법 개발

이영득 ( Young Deuk Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-

An analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine residues of methomyl and its precursor insecticides including alanycarb and thiodicarb in agricultural products for the official purpose. All of target analytes were extracted with methanol from raw or moistened samples. To the extract was added hydrochloric acid to hydrolyze alanycarb. Methomyl was quantitatively evolved from alanycarb within 10 min, while intact methomyl and thiodicarb were stable up to 1 hr in the acidic media. The hydrolyzate was diluted with saline water, and subjected to n-hexane washing to remove nonpolar co-extractives while the analyte remained in the aqueous phase. Enhancing ionic strength of the aqueous phase, dichloromethane partition was then followed to recover methomyl and thiodicarb. Florisil and/or weak anion-exchange column chromatography were employed to further purify the extract prior to determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection of ultraviolet absorption at 234 nm. Linear gradient elution of acetonitrile/water mixture on an octadecylsilyl column was successfully applied to separate each residue of the analyte. Total of five representative types of agricultural commodities which comprised brown rice, mandarine, green pepper, potato and soybean were selected for validation of the method. A confirmatory and/or alternative quantitative method were also provided using LC coupled with the mass spectrometric technique.

농산물 중 Sulfonylurea계 제초제의 공정 잔류분석법 개발

이영득 ( Young Deuk Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2018 No.-

An analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine residues of four sulfonylurea herbicides including chlorimuron-ethyl, ethametsulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl in agricultural products for the official purpose. All of target analytes were extracted with acetonitrile containing 0.5 M ammonium chloride from raw or moistened samples. The extract was diluted with saline water, and subjected to n-hexane washing to remove nonpolar co-extractives while the analyte remained in the aqueous phase. Enhancing ionic strength of the aqueous phase, dichloromethane partition was then followed to recover all the analytes. Weak anion-exchange column chromatography using SPE-aminopropyl cartridge was employed to further purify the extract prior to determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection of ultraviolet absorption at 234 nm. Linear gradient elution of acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) mixture on an octadecylsilyl column was successfully applied to separate each residue of the analyte. Total of five representative types of agricultural commodities which comprised brown rice, mandarine, green pepper, potato and soybean were selected for validation of the method. A confirmatory and/or alternative quantitative method were also provided using LC coupled with the mass spectrometric technique.

식품 중 잔류농약 관리를 위한 PLS 제도의 적정 도입

이영득 ( Young Deuk Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2018 No.-

농산물 중 잔류농약의 안전한 관리를 위하여 농약 허용물질목록 관리제도 이른바 PLS(positive list system) 제도가 2019년도부터 시행될 예정이다. 이러한 PLS에서는 국내에 등록되었거나 잔류를 허용하는 농약에 대해서는 적정한 잔류허용기준을 설정하여 관리하나, 잔류허용잔류허용기준이 설정되지 않은 비등록 또는 허가되지 않은 농약의 잔류에 대하여 일률기준으로 0.01mg/kg의 잔류허용기준을 적용한다. 이러한 일률기준은 국내에서의 농약 오용이나 수입 농산물 중국내에서 허가되지 않은 농약을 사용하였을 경우 통상적으로 그 수치를 넘어서게 되어 불법 판정을 받게 되는 엄격한 기준이이다. 따라서 국내에서는 농약의 적법 사용을 의무화하며, 농산물 수출국에 대해서는 사용 농약의 적법성 및 잔류허용기준의 과학적 근거에 대한 국내 허가 의무를 강제하게 된다. 이러한 PLS 제도는 농산물 수입국인 대한민국의 경우 전세계 불특정 다수의 농약 잔류에 따른 수입 농산물 중 안전성을 확보하기 위해서 필수적으로 도입되어야 하며, 농산물을 수입하고 있는 선진국에서는 이미 일반화되어 있는 제도이다. 즉, 기존의 negative list system 제도 하에서는 국내에 등록되어 있는 농약에 대해서만 주로 허용기준이 설정되어 있으므로, 비등록 농약이 사용되고 그 잔류수준이 높다하더라도 허용기준 자체가 없어 법적 규제를 할 수 없었다. PLS 제도하에서는 이러한 허가되지 않은 농약 사용 자체가 거의 불가능하므로 농산물의 안전성이 보다 확실히 확보될 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 PLS 제도가 원활히 시행되기 위해서는 국내 에서의 관행적 농약 사용에 대한 개선 사항, 수입 및 국내 농산물에 대한 감시 시스템 구축, 농산물 수출국에 대한 import tolerance 허용 제도의 적극적 활용, 국내 식품 산업에서 농산물 원자재에 대하 잔류 관리 등 제반 사항이 선결적 혹은 병행으로 보완되어야 한다. 본 발표에서는 PLS 체계의 기본 개념, 적용 원칙 및 실제적 시행에 대한 주요 중점 사항에 대하여 개괄적으로 제안, 설명하고자 한다.

동위원소 표지 내부표준법을 이용한 축산물 중 산성 제초제의 정밀 잔류분석법 개발

이영득 ( Young Deuk Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2019 No.-

An analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine residues of acidic herbicides/PGRs including active ingredients, their esters and conjugates in livestock products for the official purpose. Total of five representative types of animal commodities which comprised meat, pork, chicken, egg and milk were selected for validation of the method. Prior to extraction, the sample was alkaline-hydrolyzed to liberate parent ingredients from their esters and conjugates. After acidification to ion-suppress the acidic moiety, all of target analytes were extracted with acetonitrile from samples, and then followed by partition under increased ionic strength in the aqueous phase. Polymer-based solid-phase extraction was employed to further purify the extract. Each analyte was separated on an octadecylsilyl column in liquid chromatography and determined by tandem mass spectrometry using the selected-reaction monitoring technique. To enhance the precision of quantitation during the whole analytical procedure, deuterium or 13C-labeled standards were adopted in situ for the internal standardization, which could accurately compensate both the instrumental fluctuation by matrix effects and the extraction/purification efficiency.