시금치 잎의 엽령에 (葉齡) 따라 분리한 Peroxisome 에서의 CO2 방출

이순희(Sun Hi Lee),이인철(In Cheol Lee),박기영(Ki Young Park),산전방웅(Yoshi Yamada) 한국식물학회 1988 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.31 No.3

The rates of photorespiration and total CO_2 fixation depending on leaf ages of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated. Metabolic rates of glycolate and glyoxylate in isolated peroxisomes were also measured. The rate of photorespiration and total CO_2 fixation ability increased with the maturing of leaf, but decreased with senescence. Activities of enzymes involved in the peroxisomal photorespiratory pathway such as catalase, glycolate oxidase, NADH-glyoxylate reductase and glutamate-glyoxylate transaminase were highest in the mature leaf, but also decreased with aging of leaf. Glutamate-glyoxylate transaminase activity significantly decreased with senescence, especially. The metabolic rate of glycolate was observed to be lower than that of glyoxylate in isolated peroxisomes. Glycolate seemed to be metabolized mainly to glycine, however, it also oxidized to CO_2 when glycolate was supplied as a substrate for glycine synthesis instead of glyoxylate. The conversion rates of glycolate and glyxylate into CO_2 increased with the senescence of leaves.

완두잎의 광 (光) 호흡에 미치는 무기질소의 영향

이인철(In Cheol Lee),이순희(Sun Hi Lee) 한국식물학회 1984 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.27 No.4

Leaf discs isolated from the pea seedling grown in nutrient solution conatining 5 mM ammonia or nitrate exhibited a half level of photorespiration as compared with the nitrogen free control. The manifestation of the ammonia effect appeared somewhat earlier than that of nitrate effect, but this difference subsided as the culture periods was extended. The total amount of CO_2 fixed by leaves from nitrogen-supplemented seedlings showed approximately 1.5 fold increase over the control with the ammonia effect being manifested earlier than the nitrate effect. The activities of peroxisomal serine: gloxylate amino-transferase were always higher with ammonia than nitrate, the two types of nitrogen source, however, had similar effect on conversion rate of glyoxylate into glycine. These results indicate that exogenous ammonia does not act directly as an effector of this aminotransferase in vivo. But changes in the level of the pool size of glycine and serine, both of which are the intermediates of photorespiratory process, suggest that exogenous ammonia inhibit the transformation of serine from glycine metabolically.

광호흡 (光呼吸) 과정에서 생성된 Glutamate 가 광합성 탄소대사에 미치는 영향

이인철(In Cheol Lee),한태진(Tae Jin Han),이순희(Sun Hi Lee) 한국식물학회 1988 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.31 No.4

The effects of ammonium ion and glutamate on CO_2 fixation abilities and related carbon metabolism were investigated in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Sparkle) leaf discs under conditions favoring photorespiration (21% O_2, 0.03% CO_2) and nonphotorespiration (5% O_2, 0.03% CO_2). A concentration of more than 10 mM of NH_4^+ decreased the photosynthetic CO_2 fixation and those inhibitory effects were more remarkable in 21% O_2 than in 5% O_2 conditions. The effect of glutamate on CO_2 fixation was found to be independent of the O_2 level, as glutamate increased the CO_2 fixation under both 21% and 5% O_2 conditions. L-methionine-dl-sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of glutamate synthetase, however, inhibited the CO_2 fixation markedly under 21% O_2, but did not affecte it under 5% O_2 conditions. The treatment with NH_4^+ elevated the relative amounts of ^14C incorporated into soluble components from ^14CO_2 with no relation to O_2 levels, while glutamate increased ^14C into insoluble components and neutral sugars. Glutamate, especially, seemed to stimulate the biosynthesis of starch under 5% O_2 condition. These results indicated that NH_4^+ stimulated the degradation of sugar or starch and this proposal was condifirmed by the increasing of pyruvate kninase activity in leaf discs treated with ammonium ion.

광호흡으로 방출되는 NH3 의 재동화에 관한 연구

이인철,이순희 ( In Cheol Lee,Sun Hi LEE ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.4

Treatment of L-methionine sulfoximine (MSO), a specific irrevesible inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, caused about 60% inhibition of photorespiration in pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf discs at a concentration of 2 mM. MSO also inhibited photosynthetic COz fixation, but inhibition rate was only about 4096 of control. There was increased incorporatation of ^(14)C into organic acids from CO₂ with MSO and decreased into amino acids and neutral fraction. Expecially, MSO increased the incorporation of ^(14)C into glyoxylate. However, ^(14)C of glycolate was lower level than that of control. These results showed that NH₃ released from photorespiration seemed to be reassimilated into glutamine by glutamine synthetase, and inhibition of photorespiration by MSO was chiefly caused by depression of photorespiratory nitrogen cycle.

Greening 과정에 따른 광인산화 및 몇가지 전자전달물질의 활성 변화

표장근,이인철,이순희,Pyo, Jang-Geun,Lee, In-Cheol,Lee, Sun-Hi 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.4

보리(Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Baecdong) 잎의 greening 과정에서 광인산화능, coupling factor($CF_1$), P700, ferredoxin-$NADP^+$ oxidoreductase, plastocyanin의 변화를 측정하였다. 광인산화능은 greening을 시작한 후 12시간 이후에 급격히 증가하였으며 특히 비순환석 광인산화에 비해 순환적 광안산화에 의한 ATP 생성이 200% 이상 높았다. $CF_1$의 함량은 greening 6시간 이후 9시간까지 급격히 증가하였으나, 그 활성은 점증적인 증가를 나타내고 있었다. P700의 함량에 있어서도 greening과 더불어 증가하였으며 특히 3시간 이후에 현저하였다. Ferredoxin-$NADP^+$ oxidoreductase의 경우에는 greening에 따라 그 활성이 증가하였으나 다른 전자 전달계 관련 물질의 변화 양상과는 달리 12시간 이후에 200% 이상 증가하여 광인산화능의 변화와 유사하였다. 그러나 P700에 전자를 공여하는 plastocyanin은 거의 모든 실험구에서 그 함량이 일정하여 greening에 따른 변화를 나타내지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실험 결과들은 광인산화능이나 그 외의 엽록체 내막계에서 전자 전달에 관련된 물질들이 엽록체의 분화와 더불어 합성될 뿐만 아니라, 그 활성도 엽록체의 분화에 의해 영향을 받는다고 사료된다. Attempts were made to describe the changes of activities of photophosphorylation and ferredoxin-$NADP^+$ oxidoreductase, and amounts of P700, coupling factor ($CF_1$) and plastocyanin during chloroplast development in the etiolated barley leaves. Activities of both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation were observed to increase rapidly after 12 h following exposure of etiolated seedlings to light. Activities of cyclic photophosphorylation showed approximately 2 fold increase over the noncyclic photophosphorylation activities. The amounts of $CF_1$ increased markedly to 9 h, however, $CF_1$ activities increased gradually with greening. Among those compounds involved in photosynthetic electron transport, the amounts of P700 increased rapidly after 3 h of greening. But the activities of ferredoxin-$NADP^+$ oxidoreductase were found to increase markedly (above 200%) which pattern was similar with that of photophosphorylation. On the contrary, the amount of plastocyanin, an electron donor to P700, was constant during greening.

Greening 과정에서 따른 광인산화 및 몇가지 전자전달물질의 활성 변화

표장근,이인철,이순희 ( Jang Geun Pyo,In Cheol Lee,Sun Hi Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1986 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.4

Attempts were made to describe the changes of activities of photophosphorylation and ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase, and amounts of P700, coupling factor (CFr) and plastocyanin during chloroplast development in the etiolated barley leaves. Activities of both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation were observed to increase rapidly after 12 h following exposure of etiolated seedlings to light. Activities of cyclic photophosphorylation showed approximately 2 fold increase over the noncyclic photophosphorylation activities. The amounts of CF₁ increased markedly to 9 h, however, CF₁ activities increased gradually with greening. Among those compounds involved in photosynthetic electron transport, the amounts of P700 increased rapidly after 3 h of greening. But the activities of ferredoxin-NADP^+ oxidoreductase were found to increase markedly (above 200%) which pattern was similar with that of photophosphorylation. On the contrary, the amount of plastocyanin, an electron donor to P700, was constant during greening.

안양천 수계의 저서무척추동물 군집구조

배경석(Kyung-Seok Bae),윤종철(Jong-Cheol Yoon),이순희(Soon-Hee Lee),조석주(Seog-ju Cho) 대한환경위생공학회 2004 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in the water system of Anyang Stream was analyzed from August, 2002 to April, 2003. Species number of benthic macroinvertebrates was 78 species, 33 families, 11 orders, 5 classes in 3 phyla. They were collected 49 species at 1st survey, 51 species at 2nd survey and 53 species at 3rd survey, respectively. Species numbers at each tributary were 43 species at the Wanggok Stream, 44 species at the Mokgam Stream, 33 species at the Ohjeon Stream and 26 species at the Hakeu Stream, while it was only 9 species at the Dangjeong Stream. Species number of the main course of Anyang Stream was 24 species. Dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates at the Wanggok, Ohjeon and Hakeu Stream were Baetis fuscatus, Alainites muticus, Physa acuta and chironominae sp.. They were mainly intermediate and tolerant species. Dominant species and subdominant species of the Dangjeong Stream were Limnodrilus socialis, Psychoda KUa and Telmatoscopus KUa as indicator species for severe sewage pollution. Dominant species at Geumjeong-dong and Kia bridge in the main course of Anyang Stream were Physa acuta, Limnodrilus gotoi, Chironominae sp., Species diversity indices at the Mokgam Stream were high(3.53 ~ 4.28 range) and those of the Hakeu, Wanggok and Ohjeon Stream were somewhat high(2.00 ~ 3.13 and 2.34 ~ 3.10 range). But, species diversity indices in the Dangjeon Stream were low(1.36 ~ 1.70 range) too. and those of the main course of Anyang Stream were low(0.86 ~ 1.79 range) too. Species richness indices in the Wanggok and Mokgam Stream were very high(3.55 ~ 4.02 and 2.96 ~ 5.31 range) and those of Geumjeong-dong and Kia bridge in the main course of Anyang Stream were low(0.89 ~ 1.98 range). Stream bed and riparian bank of middle reach in the Wanggok Stream were good condition and water was clean. The Mokgam Stream had various microhabitats, good water weed area, heterogeneous substrates and etc.. And, stream bed in the Hakeu Stream was in good condition. So, above streams should be continuously in good ecological condition and useful area for citizens.