語彙音韻論의 모듈성(modularity) 小考

李鳳炯 한국현대영어영문학회 1988 현대영어영문학 Vol.30 No.1

Part 1_보다 : 이달의 테마1 ; 공유경제의 시작, 카 셰어링

이봉형 대한지방행정공제회 2013 도시문제 Vol.48 No.540

Comparing English and Korean Consonantal Deletions: A Perceptual Perspective

이봉형 한국현대언어학회 2005 언어연구 Vol.21 No.2

Regarding what they have in common in Korean and English consonant deletions, I claim that listeners' perception is at the heart of determining factors. For Korean, this rationale departs from the previous analyses relying upon syllabification directions (Whitman 1985, Cho 1990), feature priorities (Ahn 1985, Oh 1994), and the sonority-oriented constraints (Iverson and Lee 1995). For English, it also objects to the traditional study of t/d-deletion represented by Labov (1997) and Guy (1997) to identify phonological conditions like sonority and syllabification. Next, I claim that the disparity between the two languages derives from the effect of surface constraints motivated by perceptual reasons: For one thing, the requirement of consonants to be adjacent to vowels operates to prohibit triple- or word-final double consonants. For another, postvocalic obstruents are unreleased. In Korean both constraints outrank others, whereas in English they are lower ranked. On the thorniest issue of variation, it is proposed that in Korean it derives from the narrow margins between the inherent perceptibility of the contending segments. Meanwhile, for English, the floating nature of faithfulness of input w.r.t. the magnitude of syntagmatic similarity accounts for the optionality.

함백산의 난초과 식물의 뿌리에서 난균근균의 분리 및 동정

이봉형,한한결,엄안흠,Lee, Bong-Hyung,Han, Han-Kyeol,Eom, Ahn-Heum 한국균학회 2015 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.43 No.2

본 연구에서는 강원도 함백산에서 제비난초속(Platanthera) 난초인 제비난초(Platanthera chlorantha), 산제비난초(Platanthera mandarinorum) 2종과 은대난초속(Cephalanthera) 난초인 금난초 (Cephalanthera falcate), 은대난초(Cephalanthera longibracteata) 2종을 채집하였고, 식물 뿌리에서 균근균을 순수 분리 하였다. 분리한 균주는 형태적인 관찰과 난균근균 특이적 primer 인 ITS1-OF 와 ITS4-OF를 이용하여 분자생물학적인 방법을 통해 동정하였다. 그 결과 P. chlorantha에서 분리된 균주는 Epulorhiza anaticula로 동정되었는데, 이는 국내에서 처음으로 보고되는 종이며, 그 외 각 난초에서 Ceratobasidium sp., Tulasnella calospora, Tulasnella sp. 등을 분리하여 동정하였다. In this study, orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) were isolated from four terrestrial orchids on Mt. Hambeak, Platnathera chlorantha, Platnathera mandarinorum, Cephalanthera falcate, and Cephalanthera longibracteata. OMF were identified using morphological and sequences analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions by specific primer of basidiomycetous orchid mycorrhizas; ITS1-OF and ITS4-OF. Four species of orchid mycorrhizal fungi were identified as Ceratobasidium sp, Epulorhiza anaticula, Tulasnella calospora and Tulasnella sp.

Korean Initial Tensification towards Prominence Enhancement

이봉형 한국언어학회 2008 언어 Vol.33 No.4

This study presents that Korean Initial Tensification should be considered from perceptual perspectives. To be more precise, the strengthening resulting from tensification facilitates the word recognition. Along this line, it is proposed that word-initial position as well as initial syllable is an eligible strong position, rectifying the stances held by Beckman (1998) and Barnes (2002). Basically, we claim that the left-edge tensification is a compromise between two contradictory demands: From the paradigmatic dimension, it happens at the price of neutralization of plain and tense consonants. Meanwhile, under the syntagmatic dimension, it contributes to enlarging the concerned acoustic modulation, that is, perceptual fluctuation between preceding consonants and the following vowels. A priority is given to the increase in the syntagmatic modulation at the expense of neutralization of paradigmatic dimension. On the other hand, the option for tensification rather than aspiration derives from an Optimality perspective. Considering the evidence of phonetic measurements of VOT and F0, it turns out that the discrepancy between Korean aspirated and plain consonants is greater than in the case of tense and plain consonants. Under the control of faithfulness constraints, the tense consonants are expected to emerge.

Word-Initial Tensification in Korean Loanword Adaptation

이봉형 한국영어학회 2008 영어학 Vol.8 No.3

Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics 8-3, 423-447. The goal of this work is two-fold: one is to seek a formal account for Word-Initial Tensification occurring to English loanwords hosted to Korean; the other is to offer a functional rationale. Regarding laryngeal feature specification, we claim that every English fortis consonant is specified in [spread glottis] while lenis consonants are null. This idea is helpful to answer why fortis consonants allow aspiration, while they strongly resist tensification, and thus obviates the problem with the explication based on the orthographic intervention. For the functional aspects, we contend that tensification is enforced to explicitly convey speaker's intimacy to the referents. We would say that it is a kind of phonological empathy. To meet two prior conditions is essential: first, a certain threshold level of frequency should be passed; second, the semantic features geared to the empathic effects are required to match the inherent connotative properties of the concerned words.

Liquid Vocalization in the Dialectal Varieties of English

이봉형 한국영어영문학회 2010 영어 영문학 Vol.56 No.6

This article claims that English liquid consonants are characterized by the presence of complex place nodes, regardless of dialectal varieties. The primary difference between rhotic and laterals can be pursued in a phonological sense. The level of subbranching nodes is in charge of the disparities among two types of liquids: the branching immediately below the Coronal node with laterals, while branching at the secondary sublevel with rhotics. In this context, the processes of rhotic deletion and lateral vocalization can be understood as those motivated to get rid of complex place nodes. That is, those processes take place as part of phonological attrition. Next, the onset/coda asymmetry regarding liquids stems from the dispreference of vocoid at the onset position, which is readily accounted for by the series of constraints on the well-formedness on the onset, namely Harmonic Onset. The rationale of gradualness and harmonic improvement proposed by Harmonic Serialism is useful to separate the attested outputs from unattested ones across the whole gamut of English varieties. All in all, the primary benefits of our analysis can be found in the consistence in the explanation for the operations running through the sounds regarded as belonging to liquid consonants, comprising the whole range of rhotic and lateral consonants.

A variation view on vowel insertion in loanwords

이봉형 한국음운론학회 2010 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.16 No.3

We claim that a variation view is integral to explore an array of the vowel insertion arising amidst of the English loanword adaptation into Korean. For the purpose, it needs to stretch the reach of phonological variation: inter-contextual variation, which results from the allowance of candidates without sharing the input, and intra-contextual variation, which means the free variation in a traditional sense. This type of reorganization enables us to account for the phonological variation in a consistent way, i.e., the higher a variant ranks, the more frequent and well-formed it is, as was attempted by Coetzee (2004 et sequel). For the lexical exceptions, our contention is that a morpheme-specific indexation in collaboration with constraint indexation intervenes for over- and underapplication of concerned processes.

In Favor of Max(F) and Dep(F): Evidence from Korean Laryngeal Features

이봉형 한국현대언어학회 2010 언어연구 Vol.26 No.3

One contention of this study is that for the proper account of the unidirectional property of laryngeal features in Korean, it is mandatory to adopt constraints Max(F) and Dep(F), instead of Ident(F), in tandem with the segmental level. For the purpose, tensification should be understood as part of variation. What enforces the laryngeal features to undergo tensification is couched within a redesigned Optimality Theory: The crucial dividing line as named ‘critical cut off’ comes into play in deciding the variation, as proposed by Coetzee (2004). This analysis is useful to resolve the puzzle why variants are relatively frequent with laryngeal features in comparison with supralaryngeal features.

Word-intial Tensification in Korean Loanword Adaptation

이봉형 한국영어학회 2008 영어학 Vol.8 No.3