안쪽 눈꼬리점을 기준으로 한 한국인 눈확위구멍과 눈확아래구멍의 형태계측학적 분석

이명화(Myoung-Hwa Lee),정구수(Goosoo Jeong),유선경(Sun-Kyoung Yu),이광용(Kwang-Young Lee),김석(Seog Kim),이동설(Dong-Seol Lee),김흥중(Heung-Joong Kim) 대한체질인류학회 2012 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.25 No.4

악안면영역에서 해부학적 구조물의 위치에 관한 지식은 국소마취와 내시경을 이용한 수술과정에서 신경손상을 피하기 위해 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 안쪽 눈꼬리점과 관련하여 눈확위구멍과 눈확아래구멍의 해부학적 위치를 계측하고 이들의 형태를 분석하고자 하였다. 해부학 교육용 시신 32구(64쪽; 평균 연령 64.1세)와 해부학 실습용 머리뼈 33개를 사용하였다. 눈확위구멍과 눈확아래구멍 주변의 연조직을 모두 제거한 후 디지털 캘리퍼를 사용하여 얼굴정중선으로부터 눈확위구멍, 안쪽 눈꼬리점, 눈확아래구멍까지의 거리를 각각 측정하였다. 이미지 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 디지털 카메라로 촬영한 사진 상에서 안쪽 눈꼬리점과 관련하여 눈확위구멍과 눈확아래구멍의 위치를 측정하였다. 각 머리뼈에서 눈확위구멍과 눈확아래구멍의 형태를 관찰하였으며 위턱 치아와 관련한 눈확아래구멍의 위치를 확인하였다. 모든 측정값은 SPSS 12.0프로그램을 이용하여 one-way ANOVA를 시행하였다. 얼굴정중선과 눈확위구멍, 안쪽 눈꼬리점, 눈확아래구멍 사이의 평균거리는 각각 24.13mm, 15.00mm, 29.11mm로 눈확아래구멍은 눈확위구멍과 안쪽 눈꼬리점보다 가쪽에 위치하고 있었다. 눈확위구멍은 안쪽 눈꼬리점에서 위쪽으로 18.99mm, 가쪽으로 9.05mm, 위가쪽으로 24.36˚ 지점에 위치하였다. 눈확아래구멍은 안쪽 눈꼬리점에서 아래쪽으로 26.69mm, 가쪽으로 13.53mm, 아래가쪽으로 26.59˚ 지점에 위치하였다. 눈확위구멍의 형태는 눈확위패임이 56.60%, 눈확위구멍이 43.40%로 패임이 더 많았다. 눈확아래구멍의 수직, 수평 직경은 각각 3.36mm, 3.45mm로 형태는 원형이 가장 많았으며, 눈확아래구멍은 대부분 위턱 둘째작은어금니 부위에 위치하고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과들은 국소마취, 얼굴성형수술, 그리고 이마와 준 주위의 외과적 시술 과정 시 눈확위구멍과 눈확아래구멍을 통과하는 신경혈관다발의 손상 방지를 위해 중요한 자료를 제공할 것이다. Knowledge of the location of the maxillo-facial foramina is essential for regional nerve blocks and endoscopic surgical procedures to avoid nerve injury passing through these foramina. The purposes of this study were to determine the locations of the supraorbital foramen (SOF) and the infraorbital foramen (IOF) related to medial canthus (MC), and to analyze the morphology of these foramina. Thirty-two embalmed cadavers (64 sides, mean age: 64.1 years) and 33 dry skulls (66 sides) were used. The distances from the SOF, IOF, and MC to facial midline were directly measured on the cadavers using digital Vernier caliper. The vertical and horizontal distances of the SOF and IOF relative to the medial canthus were indirectly measured on the digital photographs using image analyzer software. The vertical and horizontal diameters of the IOF, and its location in relation to maxillary tooth were evaluated on the dry skull. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with declaration of significant difference when P<0.05. The mean distances of SOF, MC, and IOF to the facial midline were 24.13mm, 15.00mm, and 29.11mm, respectively. The SOF was located 18.99mm superior and 9.05mm lateral to the medial canthus. The distance between the medial canthus and the SOF was 22.67mm, and the vertical angle(Angle 1) between these structures was 24.36˚ superolaterally. The IOF was located 26.69mm inferior and 13.53mm lateral to the medial canthus. The distance between the medial canthus and IOF was 30.82mm and the vertical angle(Angle 2) between these structures was 26.59˚ inferlaterally. In the this study, spraorbital notch(SON) was found more frequently than the SOF. The mean vertical and horizontal diameters of IOF were 3.36mm, 3.45mm, respectively. IOF was most commonly found in the same vertical plane with the second upper premolar. In conclusion, these results are important for performing local anesthetic, facial plastic surgery, and other invasive procedures in the forehead and periorbital region to prevent injury of neurovascular bundles passing through these foramina.

조직형태학적 분석을 통한 아래이틀신경 내 턱끝가지의 형태학적 배열

이철권 ( Chul Kwon Lee ),이명화 ( Myoung Hwa Lee ),모신엽 ( Shin Yeob Mo ),이동설 ( Dong Seol Lee ),유선경 ( Sun Kyoung Yu ),조광희 ( Kwang Hee Cho ),김흥중 ( Heung Joong Kim ) 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2013 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is vulnerable to injury from implant placement and surgical procedures in the mandibular region. The purpose of this study was to measure and assess the relative areas, bundle numbers, and locations of the mental branch (MB) and dental branch (DB) within IAN. Materials and Methods: Twenty dentulous hemimandibles were examined (eight males and two females, mean age: 58.2 years). Hemimandibles were decalcified for 10 days, after which the specimens were embedded in paraffin and cut at a thickness of 8 μm. The sections were then stained with hematoxylin & eosin and then observed by light microscopy. The areas, bundle numbers, and locations of the MB and DB were measured using image analysis software applied to histological photographs. Results: The MB showed a tendency to maintain its area, whereas the area of the DB, which gave off branches to each tooth traveling within the mandibular canal, decreased toward the anterior tooth. The MB usually comprised four nerve bundles, each wrapped in the perineurium. Based on the location of the MB, the DB was located superobuccally in the molar region and traveled superolingually in the premolar region. Conclusion: These results show that the IAN consists of two major nerve bundles in which the MB and DB are separately enveloped in the perineurium, and the area of the MB is larger in comparison with that of the DB. Therefore, more careful surgical procedures in the mandibular region are needed to avoid nerve injury.

NFI-C가 Smad와 TGF-βR1의 발현에 미치는 영향

윤성호(Seong-Ho Yoon),이동설(Dong-Seol Lee),김흥중(Heung-Joong Kim),이경연(Koung-Youn Lee),양재호(Jae-Ho Yang),김지웅(Ji-Woong Kim),김규탁(Kyu-Tag Kim),박주철(Joo-Cheol Park) 대한해부학회 2007 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.40 No.2

NFI-C는 정상적으로 상아질모세포에 존재하는데, NFI-C가 없으면 치아뿌리 상아질 형성과정과 상아질모세포의 분화과정에 이상이 초래되어 비정상적인 상아질이 형성되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 NFI-C가 결손된 치아의 비정상적인 상아질은 치아 손상 후에 나타나는 수복상아질과 유사한 특징을 나타낸다. 그러나 NFIC의 결손으로 수복상아질과 유사한 비정상적인 상아질이 형성되는 형성 기전에 관하여는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이 연구에서는 NFI-C 결손 생쥐의 상아질모세포의 특성을 규명하기 위하여 NFI-C 결손 생쥐에서 발생한 비정상적인 상아질모세포들에서 Ask-1, Cdc-2, Smad2/3 및 TGF-βR1의 발현을 면역형광과 면역조직화학적 염색을 통하여 배양상아질모세포와 치수조직에서 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. NFI-C는 정상 생쥐의 상아질모세포의 핵과 세포질에서는 강하게 발현되었다. Ask-1과 Cdc-2는 정상 생쥐와 NFI-C 결손 생쥐의 상아질모세포의 핵 주위와 세포질에서 발현되었으나, 정상 생쥐와 NFI-C 결손 생쥐 간의 발현의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 정상 생쥐에서는 치수의 상아질모세포와 상아질모세포밑세포층에서 Smad2/3의 발현이 관찰되지 않았으나, NFI-C 결손 생쥐에서는 전치부에서 비정상적인 상아질 아래의 상아질모세포밑세포들과 어금니부위 상아질모세포에서 Smad2/3의 발현이 관찰되었다. 정상 생쥐의 치아에서는 TGF-βR1의 발현을 뚜렷이 관찰할 수 없었으나, NFI-C 결손 생쥐의 비정상적인 상아질 아래의 세포들에서는 TGF-βR1의 발현을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 상아질모세포의 분화와 상아질의 형성과정에서 NFI-C의 결손이 Smad2/3와 TGF-βR1의 발현을 증진시키고 이에 따라 상아질이 비정상적인 뼈모양상아질의 특징을 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. NFI-C null mice demonstrate aberrant odontoblast differentiation and abnormal dentin formation, and thus develop molars lacking roots. However, other tissues and organs in the body including ameloblasts appear to be unaffected. Abnormal dentin in NFI-C null mice shares morphological similarities to the osteodentin that is formed in dental caries. However, little is known about the relationship between NFI-C and osteodentin formation. In this study, to elucidate the molecular characteristics of abnormal odontoblast in NFI-C null mice, we examined the levels of Ask-1, Cdc-2, Smad2/3, and TGF-βR1 in cell culture and tissue sections from NFI-C null mice using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. NFI-C protein was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of normal odontoblasts in vitro. Ask-1 and Cdc-2 proteins were shown in the perinuclear cytoplasm of both normal and NFI-C null mice. There were no differences in the pattern of production of Ask-1 and Cdc-2 proteins between normal and NFI-C null mice. Smad2/3 was not found in the odontoblast and subodontoblastic cells of the normal mice, whereas NFI-C null mice showed Smad2/3 immunoreactivity in the odontoblasts and subodontoblastic cells of the tooth pulp. TGF-βR1 was weakly immunopositive in the odontoblast and subodontoblastic cells of normal mice, whereas it was detected strongly in the subodontoblastic cells of the NFI-C null mice. These results suggest that disruption of NFI-C increased the expression of Smad2/3 and TGF-βR1 in developing odontoblasts and consequently caused abnormal dentin formation, similar to osteodentin.

홍화씨 추출물이 MC3T3-E1 조골세포의 증식과 분화에 미치는 영향

이승용 ( Sung Yong Lee ),김수관 ( Su Gwan Kim ),이슬아 ( Seul Ah Lee ),박민경 ( Min Gyeong Park ),박선영 ( Sun Young Park ),오지수 ( Ji Su Oh ),김진수 ( Jin Soo Kim ),이동설 ( Dong Seol Lee ),문소라 ( So Ra Moon ),모신엽 ( Shin Ye 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2013 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of Carthamus tinctorius seed extract in the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell line. Materials and Methods: To determine the characteristic alteration of MC3T3-E1 cells by C. tinctorius, it was examined by cell culture, MTT assay, Von Kossa staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in MC3T3-E1 cells. Results: The treatment of C. tinctorius did not significantly affect the cell proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cells. C. tinctorius significantly accelerated the mineralization as compared with the control culture in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. C. tinctorius significantly increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase mRNA as compared with the control in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. C. tinctorius significantly accelerated the decrease of osteonectin mRNA expression as compared with the control in a time-dependent manner in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Carthamus tinctorius significantly increased the expression of osteocalcin mRNA as compared with the control in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that the C. tinctorius facilitate the osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells, and therefore, that it may have potential properties for development and its clinical application of bone regeneration materials.