매체 간 뉴스 동질화 현상에 대한 탐색적 연구 : Doc2Vec을 통한 문서 유사도 측정의 활용

이종혁(Jong Hyuk Lee) 서울대학교 언론정보연구소 2021 언론정보연구 Vol.58 No.4

본 연구에서는 매체 간 기사 내용이 유사해지는 뉴스 동질화 현상을 선거 보도를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 구체적으로, 처널리즘, 표절, 복제보도 등의 관점에서 뉴스 동질화를 고찰하고, 매체 간 동질화의 수준과 매체 간 영향 관계를 분석해 보았다. 이를 위해 2021년 서울시장 선거와 관련해 41개 매체 14,272건의 기사를 웹스크래핑 방식으로 수집했다. 이어서 Doc2Vec을 통한 기사 벡터화, 코사인 유사도를 통한 내용 유사성 분석, 연결망 분석을 통한 매체 간 영향 관계 분석 등이 실시됐다. 분석 결과, 전체 기사의 19.86%가 다른 기사와 코사인 유사도 .90 이상을 보여, 유사 뉴스가 넓게 퍼져있는 것으로 관찰됐다. 뉴스 동질화에는 뉴스통신, 경제지, 방송사가 주된 역할을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히 경제지는 선거 보도에서도 뉴스통신의 기사를 참고해 유사한 내용의 뉴스를 확산시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 뉴스 동질화로 인한 저널리즘 기능의 약화와 뉴스 이용의 다양성 훼손이 논의됐다. This study explored the phenomenon of news homogenization in which the contents of news articles between media become similar. Specifically, this research examined the news homogenization from the perspective of churnalism, plagiarism, and reproductive reports, and analyzed the level of homogenization between media and the relationship between media. For this purpose, 14,272 articles from 41 media regarding the 2021 Seoul mayoral election were collected through web-scraping. Afterwards, article-vectorization through Doc2Vec, content similarity analysis through cosine similarity, and media relationship analysis through a network analysis were conducted. As results, 19.86% of all articles had a cosine similarity of .90 or more with at least one other article, indicating that similar news were widely spread. News agencies, economic media, and broadcasts play major roles in the homogenization of news. In particular, it was found that economic media were spreading news of similar content by referring to news agencies" articles. The weakening of traditional journalistic functions and damage to news users and their society were discussed.

1950년대의 사형제도에 대한 실증적 분석과 비판

이덕인(Lee Deok-in) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2015 형사정책연구 Vol.102 No.-

성풍속 처벌의 형사법적 한계

이덕인(Lee, Deok-In) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2011 형사정책연구 Vol.87 No.-

정보위험사회와 형벌규범의 기능변화

이덕인 ( Deok In Lee ) 한국형사정책학회 2002 刑事政策 Vol.14 No.2

The existing legal system has a limitation against the emerging risk society that it is a posterior and outcome-oriented regulatory system. The insufficiency of prior regulation to protect socially important legal interests from damages consequently leads to enactment or enlargement of posterior punishing provisions, however, we can easily presume that it cannot produce reasonable outcomes. In order to find proper and reasonable solutions in relation to the problems above, we need to correctly identify the concept of information risk, and to legally evaluate the risky sources arising out of formation of advanced informatization society. Also, it is essentially required to make efforts to establish the justification of legal-in particular, in the aspect of criminal law-intervention into them. It is assumed that the increasing approach to the information risk society which requires prior regulations on information risks in line with the development of information communication technology is inevitable. Simply maintaining the existing posterior regulative functions without accepting the change of social currents will consequently make it impossible to eliminate the risky sources which would be prevented by the prior minimum expenses. Accordingly, in this informatization society we need to accept, though partially, the formative function of criminal laws rather than to limit the functions and roles of them only to posterior regulations. On the other hand, the prior intervention by laws may be faced with a dilemma that it may act as a mechanism of malfunction to restrain the soft landing to the informatization society while it may prevent the malfunction of the informatization society and eliminate the risky sources of society. In this regard, any intention to keep the informatization society rigid by priority intervention of criminal laws without national consensus should be excluded. In other words, the coping strategies to minimize the malfunction of the informatization society should be established on the basis of national consensus which is agreed through open communicative processes providing various social filtering systems, not the priority intervention of laws.

한국전쟁과 사형제도

이덕인 ( Deok In Lee ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2014 서울대학교 法學 Vol.55 No.1

한국전쟁은 남한과 북한의 통일을 표방한 것이었으나 그로 인한 결과는 오히려 민족의 분열과 대립을 조장하고 분단체제를 강화하는 결정적인 계기가 되었던 전란으로써 그 상흔은 반세기가 지난 오늘날에도 아물지 아니한 채 남아있다. 특히 전쟁과정에서 야기된 민간인의 피해는 전쟁외적인 경우가 더욱 심각한 것이었는데, 즉결처분의 형태로 빚어진 대량학살 이외에 국가가 형식적인 사법절차를 동원하여 부역혐의자를 가려낸 후 처형한 사례들은 정당한 형벌의 집행이라고 간주할 수 없는 것이었다. 이들에게 적용된 형벌규범은 그 자체가 위헌적이면서 위법한 것이었고, 형사재판의 절차 또한 법치국가에서는 허용될 수 없는 특례를 두어 정치적인 목적에 따라 합법적으로 국가권력에 의한 사법살인을 가능하게 하였다. 이와 같은 행위는 비국민으로 지목된 집단 전체를 대상으로 하면서도 경우에 따라서는 특정인을 정적 내지 정권유지의 방해물로 간주하거나 정권 스스로가 져야 할 책임을 전가하는 수단이었다. 따라서 사형의 정당성을 응보 내지 예방적 관점에 입각하여 지지하는 것이 대체적인 존치 논거로 작용하고 있으며, 그것이 사회 내부의 국민정서를 완고하게 이끌고 있으나 전쟁기간 부역혐의자와 정치적 반대자들을 제거하려는 의도와 목적에 따라 자의적으로 오용 또는 남용된 사실 또한 부인할 수 없었던 점에 비추어 볼 때 다시는 과거와 같은 불행한 역사가 되풀이되지 않도록 마땅히 이를 폐지하는 것이 바람직한 일이다. Although lots of civilians got killed during the Korean War in South Korean regions, even more lives were lost by external factors, which could have been preventedor avoided. Even after more than half a century has passed, the act of classifying and killing ``unpatriotic citizens`` still remains as a task to be solved. Regarding the matter, this study will explore the executions done in the process of judicial action against traitors under the limited criminal procedure. Most of the people accused of treason during the war were coerced into agreeing with North Korea, only except for very few people who did it intentionally. The judicial action began in October 1950, following the Seoul restoration. The main laws applied were Special Decree on Publishment under Emergency, National Security Act, and National Defense Act. However, such statistics on death sentences and executions are questionable, and the judicial action procedure should be re-examined. Thus, this study has explored the status of death sentences and executions during the crisis of national existence and cases where they were used to eliminate political opponents and political scapegoats. The results clearly indicate that the death penalty during the Korean War was politically misused.

딥러닝 언어모형을 활용한 영어 비결속 재귀사 검증

송상헌,이규민,김경민 한국언어과학회 2021 언어과학 Vol.28 No.3

This article concerns the so-called unbound reflexive pronouns in English, which refer to self-forms without any sentence-internal antecedents, running counter to the classic Binding Principle A (Chomsky, 1981). To empirically investigate the distributional properties of the English unbound reflexives, the present study makes ample use of the BYU corpora including COCA, COHA, and GloWbE to collect relevant data, and implements the collected data into BERT, a machine learning technique for natural language processing, to explore how surprisingly the unbound reflexive forms appear in various types of contexts in comparison to the pronominal counter-parts. It is remarkable that the results replicate the findings and claims of the existing theoretical and corpus studies regarding the distribution of the unbound reflexives in English. This suggests that the deep learning skills can be sufficiently used to explore the syntactic phenomena in human languages.

우범자관리에 대한 비판적 분석

이덕인(Lee, Deok-In) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2013 형사정책연구 Vol.93 No.-

동남아시아의 사형제도에 대한 비판적 고찰

이덕인(Lee, Deok-In) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2013 형사정책연구 Vol.96 No.-

불법유출 문화유산에 대한 형사법적 보호

이덕인 ( Deok In Lee ) 한국비교형사법학회 2011 비교형사법연구 Vol.13 No.2

In the background of that the several countries in the world recognized the importance of their own cultural heritage and set the management and protection as one of the major challenges of the national policy, a variety of intents and purposes must be existed but generally, it means that the relative country entered the stable welfare-type economy structural phase to show culturism and to determine quality of life out of the incomplete survival-type structural. In addition, in the side of the relative country ensuring differentiated identity in the international community, the fact that the cultural heritage performs some roles and features over the symbolism was recognized. By the way, the protection policy of cultural heritage in our country is set to pursue the illegal outflow cultural heritage charge back of illegal outflow cultural heritage internationally, and the prevention and effective retention about damage stolen domestically by duality way, and the related issues are being examined and the measures for the realization are planned. But the legal systems which can respond effectively to the cultural property crime has been consisting as improvises depending on necessity, so it is incomplete and maintenance is not proper, and the charge back problem of overseas illegal outflow of cultural heritage that the conditions to participate in the exact situation and international coordination and cooperation are not prepared. Therefore, the causes and characteristics and usage of cultural property crime should be checked for being appropriate to the realistic request, and rushing to sign up related international norms, and the problems of domestic-related norms should be diagnosed objectively, so the unilateral regulatory should be enhanced and the appropriate response measures about the parts that improvements are necessary should be followed.

형법의 기능변화와 한계에 대한 성찰

이덕인(Lee, Deok-In) 한국형사법학회 2012 刑事法硏究 Vol.24 No.3

It is natural and reasonable for Criminal Law to be changed according to changing times and trends. Above all its precondition should be met, in order to examine to tell right (proper) from wrong (improper) of functional changes of Criminal Law. When it comes to it, whether Korean society is indeed dangerous or not and whether the dangers in the society are more increasing or not, compared with in the past should be the standard. As examined earlier, the conceptual consensus that functions of Criminal should be changed is not enough in the matter of dangers of Korean society. And also the evaluation that the degree of dangers is definitely increasing, compared with in the past seems not to be well-grounded. Moreover principles of Criminal Law such as ‘ultima ratio principle’ and ‘principle of complementarity’ have been used as the best or optimum means, with no thought of thorough verification of other security systems in the society and possibility of specific applications accordingly in the process of discussion with justification of Criminal Law’s intervention in the risk society. Main reasons of these results are not reflect severely and critically about problems which a variety of modification of Criminal Law might bring to, which turn out to be serious. Therefore the differences between reality and theory of Criminal Law should be examined in detail and essential consideration of the justification in the criminal legislation has to be preceded. The fact that roles and duties of criminal jurists is increasing means that it is time to require the change of consciousness whatever functions of criminal jurists are, namely whether it is a leader of function changes or a critic resisting the changes. Moreover it makes criminal jurists ask themselves whether they accomplish their duties while the functions of criminal laws are being changed.