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Molecular Mechanisms of T Helper Cell Differentiation and Functional Specialization
이갑열 대한면역학회 2023 Immune Network Vol.23 No.1
Th cells, which orchestrate immune responses to various pathogens, differentiate from naïve CD4 T cells into several subsets that stimulate and regulate immune responses against various types of pathogens, as well as a variety of immune-related diseases. Decades of research have revealed that the fate decision processes are controlled by cytokines, cytokine receptor signaling, and master transcription factors that drive the differentiation programs. Since the Th1 and Th2 paradigm was proposed, many subsets have been added to the list. In this review, I will summarize these events, including the fate decision processes, subset functions, transcriptional regulation, metabolic regulation, and plasticity and heterogeneity. I will also introduce current topics of interest.
Expression Patterns of Immune Related Genes in Th1 and Th2 Cells Revealed by Microarray Analysis
이갑열 한국유전학회 2007 Genes & Genomics Vol.29 No.4
T helper cells play a distinct role in activating and regulating immune responses. Th1 cells mediate cellular immunity by activating macrophages, whereas Th2 cells mediate humoral immunity by activating B cells. The differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells accompany drastic changes in immune function, cellular metabolism, gene expression, chromatin structure, and cell morphology. To search for more information on the immune functions of Th1 and Th2 cells, we examined a gene expression profile in immune related genes by microarray analysis. As expected many differentiation-specific cytokine, chemokine, and transcription factor genes are differentially expressed. I also discovered that a group of interferon-regulated genes is selectively expressed in Th1 cells, and that a group of immunoglobulin genes and various types of cell surface receptors are selectively expressed in Th2 cells. These studies extend the current understanding of immune function of T helper cells and find more molecules involved in the T helper cell differentiation.