幼若홀몬이 家蠶의 體液蛋白質 및 아미노酸의 變動에 미치는 影響

孫興大 한국잠사학회 1986 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of juvenile hormone analogue on changes of protein and amino acids in haemolymph of silkworm larva. Juvenile hormone analogue was topically administered to larvae at dose of 1 μg and 10μg Per gm of body weight at 60hr. of the 5th instar. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Larval duration of the fifth instar was extended about 1 day by JHA-1 and 4 days by JHA-10εs compared with the control. 2. Cocoon weight and cocoon layer weight by topical application of JHA were heavier than those of the control, but cocoon layer ratio was decreased in JHA-10 to the exclusion of JHA-1. 3. The concentration of haemolymph protein during the fifth instar was increased remarkably by the JHA application. 4. The total content of amino acids in haemolymph proteins of JHA-10 approximately doubled that of the control, with the conspicuous increase of glycine and arginine level.

선충 포식성 곰팡이를 이용한 뿌리썩이선충(Pratylenchus spp.)의 생물학적 방제

손흥대,김성렬,최광호,추호렬 한국생명과학회 2000 생명과학회지 Vol.10 No.4

잎들깨 재배지에서 직$\cdot$간접적으로 피해를 입히는 뿌리썩이선충(Pratylenchus spp.)의 생물학적 방제를 위해서 3종의 선충포식성 곰팡이, Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. conoides와 A. dactyloides의 선충방제 효과를 포장시험을 통하여 검정하였다. 3종의 Arthrobotrys는 1998년 잎들깨 재배지 토양에서 분리하였으며, 이들 곰팡이들은 한천배지상에서 끈끈이그물 또는 수축성 올가미와 같은 특이한 균사구조를 형성하여 뿌리썩이선층을 포획하는 것으로 관찰하였다. 야외포장 실험결과, 대조구에서는 40일 경과 후 식물기생성 선충 및 뿌리썩이선충의 밀도가 약 3.5배 증가한 반면 선충포식성 곰팡이 A. oligospora와 A. conoides 처리구에서는 단지 선충의 밀도가 큰 증감없이 접종 전의 수준을 유지하는 효과를 보였다. 그러나 A. dactyloides 처리구에서는 식물기생성 선충의 밀도를 약 65%, 뿌리썩이 선충의 밀도를 약 53% 감소시켜, 선충포식성 곰팡이의 생물학적 방제효과가 높게 나타났다. For the biological control of the root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., which damage directly and indirectly to the leaf perilla, the nematical effect of three nematode-trapping fungi, Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. conoides and A. dactyloides was evaluated in the field. Three species of Arthrobotrys were isolated from the culture soil of leaf perilla in 1998 and were observed the capture of the root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. by adhesive hyphal networks or constricting rings on agar. At 40 days after treatment, the plant-parasitic nematodes and root-lesion nematode populations were approximately increased 3.5 fold in untreated control plot, while the nematode population in fungi treatment plots was similar to initial population. In the A. dactyloides plot, however, the population of plant-parasitic nematodes and Pratylenchus spp. was approximately reduced 65% and 53%, respectively. Thus, the fungus A. dachyloides should provide as biological agent for the control of Pratylenchus spp.

누에 유충의 혈림프 유약호르몬 에스테라제 활성의 조절에 關한 硏究

孫興大,姜弼敦 한국잠사학회 1992 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Effects of starvation, ligation, refeeding and methoprene treatment in the feeding phase of the fifth instar lavae of Bombyx mori on the regulation of juvenile hormone esterase(JHE) activity were investigated. Starvation and ligation contributed to the reduction of JHE activity, however. JHE levels in starved lavae were slightly higher than in ligated larvae. Haemolymph JHE activity of starved larvae was increased by refeeding, and duration of increasing time of JHE activity after starvation was related to duration of starvation. When starved larvae were applied methoprene topically. JHE activity were not changed at day 0 and 1, but were increased by 1.3~1.4 times between day 2 and 5. When ligated larvae were applied methoprene topically, JHE activity was not changed at day 0, but were increased by 1.9~2.3 times between day 1 and 5. These results suggest that head factor, juvenile hormone(JH) and nutrient are major factors in the regulation of JHE in the feeding phase of the fifth instar larvae of Bombyx mori. Especially JHE might be regulated by the co-operative action of head factor and JH. However, head factor plays important role in the early stage, while JH plays important role thereafter.

뇌 및 휴면호르몬의 제어기구와 작용

손흥대 한국잠사학회 1996 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.38 No.2

SDS-Polyacrylamide gel 電氣泳動에 의한 누에의 發育段階別 血蛋白質의 變化

孫興大 건국대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.22 No.1

This experiments were carried out to study changes of haemolymph proteins during development of silkworm, Bombyx mori by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results obtained were follows; 1. Bands of haemolymph proteins seperated during the metamorphosis of silkworm showed 20 bands and those molecular weights ranged from 12,800 to 106,000 daltons. 2. Major bands (7 and 15) were changed quantitatively, band 7 showed predominant levels from the middle 5th instar to the middle pupa stage, band 15 was leached the maximum levels at spining and then significantly decreased on prepupa stage, those molecular weights were determined to be 27,000 and 79,000 daltons respectively. 3. Female specific proteins of band 17 and 18 (mol. wt. 102,000 and 102,500 daltons) showed from the 1st day after pupation. 4. Concentration of low molecular weight proteins (mol. wt. 16,300∼18,500 daltons) at adult stage were increased. 5. In conclusion, it was suggested that the major haemolymph proteins in silkworm should be utilized to form tissues of pupa and adult, female specific proteins involved in the egg formation.

누에나방(Bombyx mori) 종령유충의 유충호르몬 에스테라제 활성에 관한 연구

손흥대,이경로 한국곤충학회 1989 Korean journal of entomology Vol.19 No.4

누에나방(Bombyx mori)의 종령에서 발생에 따른 혈림프 유충호르몬 에스테라제의 활성도 변화를 측정하였다. 유충호르몬 특이 에스테라제 (Juvenile hormone specific esterase: JHE)는 암, 수 모두 2개의 활성도 피이크를 보였는데 첫번째 피이크는 영의 4~6일에, 두번째 피이크는 전용기에 나타났다. 첫번째 JHE 피이크(암컷 : 7.7, 숫컷 : 6.4n ㏖/min/$m\ell$)와 두번째 JHE 피이크(암컷 : 7.0, 숫컷 : 6.5n ㏖/min/$m\ell$)의 활성도 수준은 비슷하였다. $\alpha$-Naphthyl acetate esterase ($\alpha$-NAE)의 활성도는 영의 4일에 약간 증가하였고, 토사 2일에 최대치로 나타났다. JHE와 $\alpha$-NAE 활성도의 변화양상을 비교하면 영 초기에서는 비슷하였으나, 토사 2일에는 $\alpha$-NAE가 최대일 때 JHE는 최저수준을 나타내었다. 누에나방의 혈림프 JH농도조절에는 $\alpha$-NAE보다 JHE가 더욱 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다. Changes in haemolymph juvenile hormone esterases activity were examined the last instar larvae of Bombyx mori. Two major peaks of juvenile hormone specific esterase (JHE) were observed. The first peak occurred at 4-6 day and the second at the prepupa. The heights of the two peaks of JHE activity was not significantly different. The $\alpha$-naphthyl acetate esterase ($\alpha$-NAE) activity of both sexes increase at 4 day and exhibiting its maximum at 2 day of the spinning. A similar patterns of JHE and $\alpha$-NAE activity were observed during the early last instar larae, however, a marked different were observed at 2 day of the spinning when $\alpha$-NAE activity was highest and JHE activity was lowest. These results suggest that JHE plays an important role in regulation of JH titer during the last instar larvae of Bombyx mori comparing $\alpha$-naphthyl acetate esterase.

Methoprene과 Precocene 2가 누에나방(Bombyx mori)의 혈림프 유충호르몬 에스테라제의 활성에 미치는 영향

손흥대,안기흥,이경로 한국곤충학회 1991 Entomological Research Vol.21 No.1

유충호르몬 에스테라제 (Juvenile hormone esterase : JHE)의 조절기작을 구명하기 위하여 누에나방(Bombyx mori) 종령기에 methoprene과 Precocene 2를 국소투여한 후 유충호르몬(Juvenile hormone : JH) III을 기질로 하여 JHE 활성도의 변동을 조사하였다. 종령기동안 JHE 활성도의 피이크는 2개이었으며, 첫 피이크는 종령유충 5일에, 두번째 피이크는 13.5일(용화직전)에 각각 나타났다. 양 피이크의 크기는 비슷하였다. Methoprene을 투여한 누에나방의 JHE 활성도는 처리 후 6시간부터 증가하기 시작하였고, 증가정도는 투여량에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 발육시기별 methoprene을 처리한 누에나방의 JHE 활성도는 종령유충 1일을 제외한 나머지 시기에서 증가하였고, 특히 3, 5, 7일에서 현저하게 증가되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 JH는 JHE 활성도의 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다. Precocene 2는 다량 투여에 의해 JHE 활성도가 감소되었으며, 처리 후 12시간부터 상대적 감소가 나타나기 시작하였다. 발육시기별 precocene 2를 처리한 누에나방의 JHE 활성도는 종령유충 3일과 7일에서 억제되었으며, 특히 3일에서 현저하게 나타났다. The effects of topical treatment with methoprene and precocene 2 on juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activity in last instar larvae of Bombyx mori were investigated using juvenile hormone (JH) III as substrate. During the last larval instar there were two peaks of JHE activity and the first peak occurred on day 5 and the second of a similar size on day 13.5 (just prior to pupation). The activity of JHE in larvae treated with methoprene was induced 6 hours after treatment and the influence was dose dependent. Treatment with methoprene increased the activity of JHE through the experiment except day 1 and the activities were markedly increased at day 3, 5, 7, therefore, it was revealed that JH played major role in regulation of JHE activity. The activity of JHE in larvae treated with precocene 2 was reduced, however, this reduction effect was observed only in high dose and after 12 hours commencing treatment. The activity of JHE in larvae after precocene 2 treatment during development was decreased in day 3 and 7, and reducing rate was remarkably observed at day 3.

누에 體液의 幼若호르몬 結合蛋白質(Juvenile hormone binding protein)에 관한 硏究

孫興大 한국잠사학회 1988 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.30 No.1

In order to examine a physiological role of juvenile(JH) binding proteins in the hemelymph of the silkworm larva, Bombyx mori, [3H] JH I incubated hemolymph was separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the fifth-instar larva and the activity of the binding protein was analyzed using charcoal binding assay. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The JH was bound by two protein fractions in the hemolymph of the fifth-instar larva; One was JH binding lipoprotein(JH-LP), thr other was JH specific binding protein (JHBP). Their relative mobility values (Rm) were 0.3~0.33 and 0.81~0.84, respectively. There were no valid differences in those values from developmental stages of both male and female silltworms. 2. Total protein contents of the hemolymph were gradually increased during the fifth-instar larva, while at the prepupa decreasd. The maximum ones were observed at the spinning period and the contents from female were much higher than those from the male. 3. JH binding activity per ml of the hemolymph was low in the early stage of the fifth-instar larva and its activity was maximized at the spinning period and at the prepupa slightly decreased. 4. There was a similar pattern between changes of the JH binding activity per ml of the homolymph and of the total protein contents of the hemolymph. 5. The JH binding activity per mg of the hemolymph proteins was high in the early stage of the fifth-instar larva, while from the 6th day of the fifth-instar larva to the prepupa its activity showed the lowest levels.

蠶兒의 部位別 神經球摘出이 絹絲 腺發育 및 絲質에 미치는 影響

李鍾哲,裵啓宣,崔雲浹,孫興大 東亞大學校 1977 東亞論叢 Vol.14 No.-

家蠶을 5齡起蠶과 熟蠶때에 腹部 第 2,4,6 神經球를 摘出하여 絹絲線發育, 吐絲量, Fibroin 含量比, 營繭形態 및 ??體色의 變化에 대해 試驗하였던 바 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 絹絲線의 發育은 腹部 第 4,6 神經球 摘出보다 腹部 第 2 神經球 摘出이 더 크다. 2. 各 神經球 摘出은 絹絲線의 屈曲現像을 보였다. 3. 吐絲量은 腹部 第 4,6 神經球 摘出보다 腹部 第 2 神經球 摘出이 적었다. 4. 絹絲線의 發育정도와 吐絲量은 같은 傾向을 보였다. 5. 繭絲의 Fibroin 含量比는 腹部 第 6 神經球 影響이 腹部 第 2,4 神經球보다 큰 것 같다. 6. 神經球 摘出의 경우 表面의 營繭形態는 薄皮營繭이었고 腹部 第 4 神經球 摘出의 裏面의 營繭形態는 대부분 ??體半露出繭을 나타내었다. 7. 腹部 第 2,4,6 神經球는 化?? 및 ??體色의 變化에 關與할 可能性이 예상되며 앞으로 硏究할 必要가 있다고 본다. 8. 腹部 第 6 神經球는 排糞機能에 影響을 미친다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Silkgland growth, Spinning quantity, Fibroin Component ratio, Cocooning shape and changing the pupa coloration by resecting abdominal 2nd, 4th and 6th ganglia at both the time of 5 instar awakened larva and matured larva in silkworm. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Silkland growth was showed that resecting abdominal 2nd ganglion was more effective than those of abdominal 4th and 6th ganglia. 2. The shape of silkland was appeared as serpentining by resecting ganglia. 3. Spinning quantity was revealed that resecting abdominal 2nd ganglion was less than those of abdominal 4th and 6th ganglia. 4. Silkland growth and spinning quantity were revealed the same tendency in degree of increase. 5. Fibroin Component ratio of brave was seemed that abdominal 6th ganglion was moe effective than abdominal 2nd and 4th ganglia. 6. In the case of resecting ganglia, flimsy cocoon was formed at upper parts of cocoon and half of pupa body was mostly observed staying outside of cocoon in the cocoon shape at lower part of abdominal 4th ganglia. 7. Abdominal 2nd, 4th and 6th ganglia were expected to have a close connection with pupation and changing the pupa coloration. 8. Furction of evacuation was seemed to be controlled by abdominal 6th ganglia.

非常 桑苗生産에 對한 硏究

孫賢秀,李鍾哲,崔震浹,裵啓宣,孫興大 東亞大學校 1974 東亞論叢 Vol.11 No.2

新梢揷木에 있어 揷穗保管 可能與否 및 母樹園의 몇가지 處理, 그리고 春期古條 mulching 揷木 等에 對하여 硏究한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 條桑 또는 新梢를 貯藏하지 않고 卽時 揷木한 것은 活着比率이 60.0%로서 좋은便이며 貯藏한 것들은 34.1%로서 不良한 便이었다. 2. 貯藏 中 不浸水區의 活着比率이 27.3%인데 比하여 浸水區가 40.9%로서 成績이 좋았다. 3. 總恨長, 條莖, 枝條長 等 後期生育에 있어서도 不貯藏區가 貯藏區에 比하여, 浸水區가 不浸水區에 比하여 全般的으로 成積이 良好한 便이었다. 4. 新梢貯藏(K), 條桑貯藏(L), 浸水與否(M)의 單獨效果를 보면 新梢貯藏要因이 가장 被害가 甚하였고, 다음은 條桑貯藏要因이며, 浸水與否의 要因이 가장 적게 作用하였다. 5. 新梢揷木用 母樹園의 處理는 ??, K₂O肥料 2倍肥(g) 先端伐採(h), 先端摘芯(i) 等 모두 處理한 것의 活着比率이 60.0%로 좋으며 無處理區는 35.2%로 成積이 不良한 便이다. 6. 活着比率에 있어 要因別로 보면 先端伐採區 54.1%, 摘芯區 51.9%, ??, K₂O 2倍肥區 51.0%의 順이고 無處理區가 35.2%로 가장 낮은 便이며, 3要因間의 相互作用은 認定되지 않았다. 7. 春期 古條揷穗는 下部(a)에서 採取한것(31.1%)에 比하여 中部(a´)에서 採取한 것(1.5%)이 活着比率이 極히 不良하며, 8. 揷穗의 길이가 15㎝로서 地下 12㎝ 埋植한 것(19.2%)에 比하여 揷穗길이 10㎝로서 地下 7㎝埋植한 것(13.4%)이 成積이 좋지 못하였고, 9. 春期 古條揷木에서의 肥料 要因은 揷木後 掘取까지의 期間이 길며 土質이 肥沃하였기에 別다른 差는 볼 수 없었으며, 平均條莖이 1.6㎝로서 後期生育은 全區가 良好하였다. The results abtained from studies on the possibility of preservation of cuttings in the green wood cutting, some treatments of propagation mulberry field, and spring-hard wood mulching cutting are as follows; 1. Immediate insertion showed 60% of survial while preservation plots showed 34.1%. 2. In survival, soaked plots increased 40.9% as compared with non-soaking plots 27.3% during the preservation periods. 3. Non-preservation and soaked plots were generally better than preservation and non-soaking plots in total length of root, diameter of stem and length of branch. 4. Of the factors of preservated-green wood cuttings(K), preservated0branches(L) and soaked-the base in water(M), the factor of preservated-green wood cuttings(K) indicated the highest percentage survial; preservated-branches(L), the next highest, and soaked-the base in water(M), the lowest. 5. 60% of survival was represented in green wood cutting in the propagation mulberry field when treated with twice the amount of ??.K₂O fertilizer(g), head pruning(h) and picking up new buds(i). On the other hand, non-treatments showed 35.2% 6. The factor of head pruning appeared 54.1%; picking up new buds, 51.9% twice the amount of ??.K₂O fertilizer; 51.0% and non-treatments marked the lowest 35.2% of survival. 7. Cutting taken from the base(a) showed 31.1% in survival while those taken from the middle part(a´) 1.5%. 8. Cutting of 15㎝-long and 12㎝ deep-inserted(19.2%) were better than those of 10㎝-long 7㎝ deep-inserted(13.4%) 9. In the spring hard wood cutting, factor of fertilizer didn’t convince difference because cuttings had been in the bed before they were dugged out and the soil fertile. The average of diameter of stem was 1.6㎝ and all plots were good for later growth season in general.