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우리나라 一部農村(平野地域)住民의 醫療費支出에 關한 調査硏究
柳翊鉉 서울大學校 保健大學院 1972 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.9 No.1
In order to study the medical expenses and therapeutical status of rural residents in this country, surveys were conducted on 1,024 households comprising 5,679 persons in plain rural areas during a one-month period from January 1 to 31. 1969. As a results. the following results have been reached: 1) During the survey period (one month) medical requirement reached 12.6 per cent, and the incidental medical demand reached 78.1 per cent. 2) By type of therapy, the medical demand was broken down into 46.5 per cent or the greatest proportion for pharmacy. 26.9 per cent or the secoend greatest proportion for out-patients, and 7.0 per cent for public health centers. Traditional therapy accounted for 5.9 per cent, and superstitious therapy occupied 0.8 per cent. 3) Each male patient paid an everage of w 850 per case fo therapy while each female patient paid an everage of w 938. or w 87 more than the male patient. Per capita medical expenses amounted to w 84 for male and w 92 for female. Per capital medical expenses for female thus amounted w 8 more than that for male. 4) In case of both male and female, age groups of 30 years or more paid more than age groups of 0 to 29 years in terms of both per capita and per case medical expenses. 5) As for the amount of medical expenses by standards of education, middle school drop-outs paid w 5,867 per case, a greater amount than that paid by any other group of education stands Those enrolled in colleges paid w 1,733 or the second greatest amount, and those enrolled in middle schools w 1,598 or the third greatest amount. 6) Those engaged in miscellaneous occupations paid an average of w 2,117 per case, a greater amount than that paid by any other occupational group. wage-earners paid w 1,950 or the second greatest amount per case while those attending to household duties paid en everage of w 1,725 and those engaged in agriculture w 1,132. The greatest per capita amount of medical expenses or w 239 was paid be those attending to household duties, the second greatest amount or w 146 by wage-earners, w 138 by fisher men, and w136 by farmers. 7) As for medical expenses by kind of sickness, w 7,500 or the greatest amount of medical expenses was paid respectively for blotch, and disease of blood and blood-making organs, while w 281 or the smallest amount was paid for symptomic senility and cases unfit for diagnosis. Per capita medical expenses reached w25 or the greater amount for diseases of respiratoty organs than for any other kind of sickneses, and w17 or the second greatest amount for diseases of digestive organs.
조태웅,유익현,박성애 한국환경보건학회 1976 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.3 No.1
This study was carried out to evaluate the harmful factors in working environments and to investigate the labor productivity after improvement of environments, surveying 93 industrial establishments of 10 industries located in Youngdeungpo industrial area in Seoul. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The highest noise level of 125dB(A) was indicated at the rolling process of transport equipment manufacturing industry. 2) The best illumination level was shown in precise machinery industry and the worst was indicated in rubber products, metallic products and transport equipment manufacturing industries. 3) Thermal conditions were above threshold limit value (TLV) at more than two processes of all industries except printing industry. 4) The highest dust concentration was determined in textile and wearing manufacturing industry. 5) Organic solvents were detected at 52 processes in 93 industrial establishments and 33 processes of them showed higher than TLV. The results about harmful chemicals were as follows: a) sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)was determined higher than TLV on welding process of metallic product manufacturing industry and heat treatment process of transport equipment manufacturing industry. b) Carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was 700ppm at heat treatment process of transport equipment manufacturing industry, indicating 14 times of TLV. c) vinylchloride concentration in the air of PVC raw material mixing process and PVC preparation process of chemical product manufacturing industry was determined higher than TLV. d) Hydrochloride (HCl) concentration in the air of wire expanding process of transport equipment manufacturing industry was determined higher than TLV. 7) Higher values of lead concentration than TLV were determined at lead welding metallic product manufacturing industry and type planting process of process of printing industry, $1.8mg/m^3$ and $0.3mg/m^3$ respectively. 9) 22, 968 of 52, 855 workers (i.e. 43.5%) in 93 industries were exposed to various harmful agents. 10) It was found that the improvement of illumination in electric apparatus manufacturing industry (from 20~40 lux to 420 lux) resulted in an increase in productivity of 6.5% per capita and a decrease in faulty products of 19%. 11) Improvement of environments using local exhaust ventilation system resulted in a decrease of harmful substances lower than TLV and an increase in productivity of 11.4%. 12) Improvement of shovelling tools based on ergonomics resulted in a reduction in energy expenditure of 25.3% and an increase in productivity of 32.2% per capita.