하계 황해의 수질 환경 특성

유선재,김종구,김광수 ( Sun Jae You,Jong Gu Kim,Gwang Su Kim ) 한국수산과학회 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.6

The distributions of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in the Yellow Sea are described from data collected in June and July, 1994. Based on the observations of water temperature and salinity, the fresh waters originated from the Changjiang River were found to affect the waters adjacent to Cheju Island. In the light of the distributions of dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, the western part of the Yellow Sea was worse in water quality than the eastern part. Based on data of nutrients, eutrophication indices of the western part were higher than those of the eastern part in summer. It is concluded that the western part of the Yellow Sea appeared to receive high pollution loads from rivers and was evaluated to have high potentiality of red tide occurrence.

갯벌과 황토에 의한 중금속 ( Cu , Cd , Pb ) 의 흡착 kinetics

유선재(Sun Jae You),김종구(Jong Gu Kim),김종배(Jong Bae Kim) 한국수산과학회 2000 한국수산과학회지 Vol.33 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the adsorption kinetics of heavy metals (Cu, Cd and Pb) using three tidal flat sediments and two yellow loesses. The relationship between adsorption rate calculated by non-linear regression model and chemical parameters was estimated. The contents of ignition loss (I.L.) and Fe, Mn and Al oxides of yellow loess were higher 1.5∼6 times than those of tidal flat sediments. But the contents of silt and clay of tidal flat sediment in Eueunri was higher than others. Heavy metals adsorption were occured rapidly in the intial 30 min and the concentration of adsorbed heavy metals were 4.1∼14.7㎍/g for Cu, 2.8∼16.7㎍/g for Cd and 43.4∼101.7㎍/g for Pb, showing a high cumulative adsorption of 8∼70% for Cu, 18-31% for Cd and 19∼52% for Pb after 3hr. In initial concentration of 0.5×10^(-5)M, adsorption rate of heavy metals by the tidal flat sediments and yellow loesses was the sequence Pb>Cu>Cd. The adsorption kinetics of Cu, Cd and Pb was found to be one-site kinetic model. Especially, in the case of Cu, there was a high negative (R²=-0.88∼-0.99) linear correlation between chemical parameter such as I.L., Al oxide, silt and clay, and adsorption rate coefficients (Ka) calculated by non-linear model.

갯벌의 오염물질 정화능력 평가

유선재(Sun Jae You),김종구(Jong Gu Kim) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

To evaluate the purification capacity of pollutants (COD, PO₄^(3-) -P, NO₃^- -N, Cu, Cd, Pb) in the three tidal flats, Eueunri, Gyewhado, Chunjangdae, the experiments were carried out with the batch reactor equipped with artifical tidal flats. Eueunri tidal flat was 98.8% content of silt and clay and Chungjangdae was 97.84% content of sand. The organic matters (I.L., COD_(scd), POC) in Eueunri tida1 flat were 2∼8 times higher than other tidal flats. The pudfication capacity of COD was 0.75 ㎏/㏊/12 hr in Eueunri, 0.60 ㎏/㏊/12 hr in Gyewhado and 0.55 ㎏/㏊/12 hr in Chunjangdae. The mean purification capacity of COD in three tidal flats was 1.27 ㎏/㏊/day. The calculated purification capacity of COD was 25.4 ton/day in the disappeared tidal flat areas (20,000 ha) of the Saemangeum reclamation. The purification capaaly of phosphorus was 0.21 ㎏/㏊/12 hr in Gyew6ado, 0.39 ㎏/㏊/12 hr in Eueunri and 0.22 ㎏/㏊/12 hr in Chunjangdae. The nitrate was 0.53, 0.74 and 0.43 ㎏/㏊/12 hr, respectively. The purification capacity of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb) were 88.9 g/㏊/12 hr, 11.0 g/㏊/12 hr, 1.7 g/㏊/12 hr in Gyewhado, 89.1 g/㏊/12 hr, 18.0 g/㏊/12 hr, 2.6 g/㏊/12 hr in Eueunri and 55.3 g/㏊/12 6r, 18.0 g/㏊/12 hr, 2.1 g/㏊/12 hr in Chunjangdae, respechvely. Accordingly, the purification capacity of pollutants in Eueunri tidal flat with high contents of organic matter were higher than other tidal flats. So, the pudfication capacity of pollutants were affected by physical and/or chemical characteristics of tidal flats

새만금 갯벌의 입도조성과 유기물질 분포특성

유선재 ( Sun Jae You ),김종구 ( Jong Gu Kim ),조은일 ( Eun Il Cho ) 한국수산과학회 2003 한국수산과학회지 Vol.36 No.1

새만금 갯벌의 입조조성 및 유기물질 분포 특성을 조사하기 위해 1999년 갯벌 91개를 채취하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 입도의 특성을 보면 새만금 갯벌은 사질이 우세하였고, 세립한 제이차 혼합물인 실트질이 추가된 반면 Clay 함량은 매우 낮게 나타났다. 평균값의 범위는 4.60~10.90Ø이었고, 분급도 범위는 -0.1~1.75Ø이었다. 그리고 왜도의 범위는 -1.0~0.92Ø이었으며 첨도의 범위는 0.27~6.75 Ø를 보였다. 그러므로 새만금 방조제 공사에 의해 갯벌은 심한 변화 양상을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 유기물질과 관련된 항목을 살펴보면, ORP의 범위는 -133~200mV로 평균 73mV의 산화 상태를 나타내었지만 전체 91개 지점 중 24개 지점에서 환원상태를 나타내고 있었다. CODs의 농도범위는 17.54~6,176.25 mg/kg을 보였고 총탄소와 총황의 비 (S/C)는 0.02~0.45 (평균 0.24) 범위를 보였다. 그러므로 새만금 갯벌은 아직까지는 육상에서 유입되는 인위적인 유기 오염물의 영향을 비교적 적게 받는 것으로 사료되었다. 이상의 결과를 보면 새만금 갯벌은 사질이며 육상에서 유입되는 유기물 오염이 낮아 수산생물 생육장소로 적합하므로 계속 보존하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각되며 앞으로도 지속적인 조사연구가 이루어져야 한다. This study was conducted to evaluate characteristics of particle composition and organic matter distribution for tidal flat sediments in the Saemankeum. The tidal flat sediments consist of predominantly sand and a little of silt, whereas the content of clay was very low. The analyzed values of particles of tidal flat sediments were in the range of 4.60~10.90 Ø for mean size and -0.1~1.75 Ø for sortin and -0.1~0.92 Ø for skewness and 0.27~6.75 Ø for kurtosis. The tidal flat sediments are interpreted as representing significant effect of the environmental change due to the construction of Saemankeum embankment. The ORP was in the range of -133~200 (mean 73) mV. But 24 stations of the total stations showed reduction condition. The concentration of CODs was in the range of 17.54~6,176.3 mg/kg. The ratio of C/S was 0.02~0.45 (mean 0.24). And the Saemankeum tidal flat sediment was a little effected by input organic pollutants from upper site area. Conclusively, conservation of the Saemankeum tidal flat sediment was requested because it is for the growing fishery and low organic matter.

BHC의 화학적 분해

유선재(Sun-jae You),김종구(Jong-gu Kim) 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 2004 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 연구논문집 Vol.3 No.-

Many equilibrium partition or kinetic models have been proposed to predict the behavior of synthetic organic compounds in the environment Important factors in none equilibrium steady state model, such as chemical degradations, have been determined by indoor erperiments with Benzenhexachloride(BHC). The results from this study could be summarized as follows: 1) For α, β, ν -BHC, photolysis rate constant in pure water were 0.002, 0.00026, 0.004 (l/h) respectively. 2) For α, β, ν -BHC, oxidation rate constant were 25.3, 37.6, 5.7 (1/mol.sec) respectively.

靈興島 周圍 海域에 있어서의 表層海水의 化學的 特性

유선재(Sun-jae You),김종배(Jong-bae Kim) 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 1993 水産科學硏究 Vol.- No.9

영흥도 주위 해역의 해양화학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 1990년 5월부터 1991년 3월까지 2개월 간격으로 6회 표층해수의 수질조사를 실시하였다. 수온은 1.2~25.1℃ 범위였고 염분은 26.97~31.66‰의 범위였는데 염분의 변화는 인천지역의 강수량과 상관관계가 있었다. 총무기질소의 농도 범위는 1.29~68.42μg-at/l로 1월에 가장 높은 농도를 보였으며 chlorophyll-a와 r=-0.955의 높은 역의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 영흥도 주위 해역의 영양염 농도 분포는 경기만을 통해 유입되는 담수에 가장 큰 영향을 받으며 아산만도 어느 정도 영향을 미쳤다. 화학적산소요구량은 평균 2.35mg/l로 수산환경수질기준 2mg/l보다 높은데 이는 주위 섬에서 배출되는 생활오수에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 총부유물질 농도는 북서계절풍에 의해 겨울철에 높게 나타났으며 투명도와는 달리 r=-0.92(n=114)의 양호한 음의 상관성을 나타냈다. In order to utilize the basic data of marine pollution, characterics of surface seawater were investigated in the vicinity of Yeonghung Island from May 1990 to March 1991 with every bimonthly. The surface water temperature and salinity were in the range 1.2~25.1℃, 26.97~31.66‰, respectively, and the salinity has relation to rainfall in Inchon area. The concentration of nutrients were in the range of 1.29~68.42μg-at/l for total inorganic nitrogen and 0.08~1.95μg-at/l for phosphate phosphorus. Correlationship between the mean concentration of phosphate phosphorus and the chlorophyll-a was very high(r=-0.955). The mean concentration of COD was 2.35mg/l, and it was over the quality criteria in fishing ground. The concentration of TSS was showed high in winter which was caused by the northwest seasonal wind. However, significant reverse relationship between the TSS and the transparency(r=-0.92 : n=114) suggest that TSS sources were resuspended sediment.

BHC의 화학적 분해

유선재(Sun-jae You),김종구(Jong-gu Kim) 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 1996 水産科學硏究 Vol.- No.12

Many equilibrium partition or kinetic models have been proposed to predict the behavior of synthetic organic compounds in the environment. Important factors in none equilibrium steady state model, such as chemical degradations, have been determined by indoor erperiments with Benzenhexachloride(BHC). The results from this study could be summarized as follows: 1) For α, β, r-BHC, photolysis rate constant in pure water were 0.002, 0.00026, 0.004 (I/h) respectively. 2) For α, β, r-BHC, oxidation rate constant were 25.3, 37.6, 5.7 (l/mol.sec) respectively.

BHC의 生物濃縮係數와 吸着係數

유선재(Sun-jae You),김광수(Guang-su Kim),송교욱(Kyo-ook Song) 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 1993 水産科學硏究 Vol.- No.9

합성유기화합물의 환경중 운명을 예측하기 위해 많은 평형분배모델과 동적모델이 제안되어져 있는데, 평행분배모델에 가장 중요한 인자인 생물농축계수와 흡착계수를 Benzenhexachloride(BHC)를 대상물질로 실험을 하였다. 향어(Cyprinus carpio)에 대한 α, β, γ-BHC의 생물농축계수는 각각 146, 195.3, 185.6으로 상관관계식에서 구한 α-BHC 153~875, β-BHC 149~185, γ-BHC 138~778와 비교해 보면 하한값에 가까웠다. 흡착계수를 구하기 위해 kaoline, 낙동강 하류 저질, 마산만 저질을 사용하였는데 kaoline에 대한 α, β, γ-BHC의 흡착계수는 각각 201.6, 200.2, 213.5 그리고 낙동강하류 저질에 대해서는 각각 51.6, 49.1, 45.8 이었으며 마산만 저질은 각각 1,389, 2,282, 1,295이었다. 이들값은 상관관계식으로구한 Koc(or Kom)와 비교해 보면 매우 높은 값으로 나타났다. 이상과 같이 생물농축계수는 상관관계식으로 구할 때 범위가 커 선택의 어려움이 있고 흡착계수는 상당한 차이를 보여 분배모델의 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 중요인자인 분배계수를 실측하는 것이 바람직하다. Many equilibrium partition or kinetic models have been proposed to predict the fate of Synthetic organic compounds in the marine environment. Important factors in equilibrium model, such as bioconcentration factors and sorption coefficients were determined by indoor experiments with Benzenhexach1oride(BHC). For α, β, γ-BHC, bioconcentration factors of the carp, Cyprinus carpio were 146, 195.3, 185.6, respectively. For α, β, γ-BHC, sorption coeafficients of the kaoline were 201.6, 200.2, 213.5 and of the Nakdong estuary sediment were 51.6, 49.1, 45.8 and of the Masan bay sediment were 1389, 2282, 1295, respectively. Campared with calculated values by correlation equations, bioconcentration factors were similar and sorption coefficients were high.

줄포만 갯벌의 입도특성 및 중금속 오염도 평가

김종구,유선재,안욱성,Kim, Jong-Gu,You, Sun-Jae,Ahn, Wook-Sung 해양환경안전학회 2008 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.14 No.4

줄포만 갯벌의 체계적이고 과학적인 관리를 위하여 갯벌 퇴적물을 대상으로 입도특성 및 유기물 그리고 중금속 조사를 실시하였고, 퇴적물중의 중금속 오염도를 평가하였다. 줄포만 전체 갯벌의 입도는 연안과 직각방향인 F라인에서 대부분 Clay질이 우세한 반면, 만의 연안측면에 위치한 R과 L라인에서 Silt질이 우세한 것으로 나타나서 Silt-Clay 또는 Clay-Silt가 대부분이었다. 평균입경은 3.7 ${\phi}{\sim}$ 10.4 ${\phi}$의 범위로 평균 7 ${\phi}$ 이상의 높은 평균입도를 나타내어 퇴적물 분류학상 세립질 퇴적물(4 ${\phi}$ 이상)에 해당되었다. 퇴적물의 유기물 농도는 연안에서 직각방향으로 뻗은 F라인에서 높게 나타난 반면, 연안 측면을 따라 조사된 L과 R라인에서 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 갯벌 퇴적물의 중금속 분포를 보면 연안의 직각방향인 F라인보다 연안측면의 R과 L라인에서 대체적으로 높은 중금속 농도를 나타내고 있었다. 유기물과 입도는 양호한 상관성을 보였고, 입도 평균치와 중금속의 일부 원소와 양호한 상관성을 나타내었지만, 중금속 원소간에는 약간의 상관성은 있었으나 대체적으로 낮은 상관계수를 보였다. 중금속 오염도 평가를 위하여 미국 EPA와 NOAA 그리고 한국 환경정책평가연구원에서 제시한 중금속 오염기준을 적용해 보았다. 줄포만 갯벌퇴적물의 중금속 오염도는 미국 EPA 기준에서 항목별 편차는 있었으나 대부분이 Nonpolluted와 Moderaterly polluted에 속하였고, NOAA의 기준에서는 대부분이 ERL 이하의 오염수준을 보였다. 한국 환경정책평가연구원에서 제시한 기준안에서는 대부분이 목표수준 이하의 값을 나타내었다. For the systematic scientific management of tidal flat sediment in Julpo bay of Korea, this study conducted a survey of particle composition, organic matter(l.L) and heavy metals for three lines ; including F, R and L lines in tidal flat sediment. Particle composition of tidal flat sediments consisted predominantly of clay at F line which was in right angle direction to the coast, whereas R and L lines were located horizontally along the coast and consisted predominantly of silt. Mean grain size values of tidal flat sediments were in the range of 3.7 ${\phi}{\sim}$10.4 ${\phi}$(average 7${\phi}$). The contents of heavy metals observed at R and L lines were lower than those at F line. The correlation analysis among heavy metals, organic matter and particle size was found to have a good interrelationship. For the evaluation of heavy metals pollution, two criteria of US NOAA and KEI(in Korea) were applied Heavy metals pollution level of tidal flat sediments belonged in Non polluted and Moderately polluted groups in US EPA criteria, and its pollution levels sat below ERL in NOAA criteria. The results of heavy metals pollution level obtained by KEI criteria were found to be less than the goal level.

금강하구둑 건설후의 수질변화

김종구(Jong Gu Kim),유선재(Sun Jae You),권정노(Jung No Kwon) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

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