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Experimental Sensitivity Table Method for Precision Alignment of Amon-Ra Instrument
오은송,안기범,김석환 한국우주과학회 2014 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.31 No.3
The Amon-Ra instrument is the main optical payload of the proposed EARTHSHINE satellite. It consists of a visiblewavelength instrument and an IR energy channel instrument to measure a global Earth albedo. We report a new sensitivitytechnique for efficient alignment of the visible channel instrument. Whilst the sensitivity table method has been widelyused in the alignment process, the straightforward application of the method tends to produce slow process convergencebecause of shop floor alignment practice uncertainties. We investigated the error sources commonly associated withalignment practices and used them when estimating the Zernike polynomial coefficients. Aided with single center fieldwavefront error (WFE) measurements and their corresponding Zernike polynomial coefficients, the method involves theconstruction and use of an experimental, instead of simulated, sensitivity table to be used for alignment state estimations. A trial alignment experiment for the Amon Ra optical system was performed and the results show that 71.28 nm in rms WFEwas achieved only after two alignment iterations. This tends to demonstrate its superior performance to the conventionalmethod.
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오은송,안기범,조성익,류주형 한국우주과학회 2013 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.30 No.4
The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a widely used indicator in assessments of remote-sensing image quality. This MTF method is also used to restore information to a standard value to compensate for image degradation caused by atmospheric or satellite jitter effects. In this study, we evaluated MTF values as an image quality indicator for the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). GOCI was launched in 2010 to monitor the ocean and coastal areas of the Korean peninsula. We evaluated in-orbit MTF value based on the GOCI image having a 500-m spatial resolution in the first time. The pulse method was selected to estimate a point spread function (PSF) with an optimal natural target such as a Seamangeum Seawall. Finally,image restoration was performed with a Wiener filter (WF) to calculate the PSF value required for the optimal regularization parameter. After application of the WF to the target image, MTF value is improved 35.06%, and the compensated image shows more sharpness comparing with the original image.
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오은송,김석환,조성익,유주현,안유환 한국우주과학회 2012 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.29 No.2
The world’s first geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI) is a three-mirror anastigmat optical system 140 mm in diameter. Designed for 500 m ground sampling distance, this paper deals with on-orbit modulation transfer function (MTF)measurement and analysis for GOCI. First, the knife-edge and point source methods were applied to the 8th band (865 nm) image measured April 5th, 2011. The target details used are the coastlines of the Korean peninsula and of Japan, and an island 400 meters in diameter. The resulting MTFs are 0.35 and 0.34 for the Korean East Coastline and Japanese West Coastline edge targets, respectively, and 0.38 for the island target. The daily and seasonal MTF variations at the Nyquist frequency were also checked, and the result is 0.32 ± 0.04 on average. From these results, we confirm that the GOCI on-orbit MTF performance satisfies the design requirements of 0.32 for 865 nm wavelength.
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오은송,강혁모,현상원,김건희,박영제,최종국,김석환,Oh, Eunsong,Kang, Hyukmo,Hyun, Sangwon,Kim, Geon-Hee,Park, YoungJe,Choi, Jong-Kuk,Kim, Sug-Whan 한국광학회 2015 한국광학회지 Vol.26 No.3
본 논문에서는 연안 지역 저고도 원격측정을 위한 소형 무인항공기 용 초분광센서 개발의 일환으로 비축 삼반사경 전단광학계의 설계와 성능분석 결과를 제시하였다. 이 광학계는 수 cm의 공간해상도(4cm@500m 운영고도)와 $4^{\circ}$의 시야각, 그리고 신호대 잡음비 100(@660 nm) 이상의 요구사항을 만족시키기 위하여, 70 mm의 입사동 크기와 개구수 5.0으로 설계 사양을 가지는 비구면의 주경과 부경이 포함된 비축 삼반사경 형태로 설계되었다. 본 설계의 광학성능은 $1/15{\lambda}$ 이하 RMS 파면오차 성능과 0.75이상의 MTF 성능(@660 nm)이 기대된다. 제작과 조립 단계를 고려하여 민감도 분석을 통해 3 반사경을 정렬 보상자로 선정하였으며, 경사 공차범위는 요소별로 0.17 mrad 으로 결정되었다. 이 비축 삼반사경 광학설계는 기존 초분광센서의 전단광학계에 비해 높은 광학성능을 보이고, 소형 무인항공기에 맞추어 경량화가 가능하도록 제작 기반을 설정하여, 향후 연안 원격탐사 연구에 활용될 예정이다. We report the design and performance analysis of an off-axis three-mirror telescope as the fore optics for a new hyperspectral sensor aboard a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), for low-altitude coastal remote sensing. The sensor needs to have at least 4 cm of spatial resolution at an operating altitude of 500 m, $4^{\circ}$ field of view (FOV), and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 100 at 660 nm. For these performance requirements, the sensor's optical design has an entrance pupil diameter of 70 mm and an F-ratio of 5.0. The fore optics is a three-mirror system, including aspheric primary and secondary mirrors. The optical performance is expected to reach $1/15{\lambda}$ in RMS wavefront error and 0.75 in MTF value at 660 nm. Considering the manufacturing and assembling phase, we determined the alignment compensation due to the tertiary mirror from the sensitivity, and derived the tilt-tolerance range to be 0.17 mrad. The off-axis three-mirror telescope, which has better performance than the fore optics of other hyperspectral sensors and is fitted for a small UAV, will contribute to ocean remote-sensing research.
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In-orbit Stray Light Analysis for Step and Stare observation at Geostationary Orbit
오은송,홍진숙,안기범,조성익,류주형,김석환,Oh, Eunsong,Hong, Jinsuk,Ahn, Ki-Beom,Cho, Seongick,Ryu, Joo-Hyung,Kim, Sug-Whan 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.2
In the remote sensing researches, the reflected bright source such as snow, cloud have effects on the image quality of wanted signal. Even though those signal from bright source are adjusted in corresponding pixel level with atmospheric correction algorithm or radiometric correction, those can be problem to the nearby signal as one of the stray light source. Especially, in the step and stare observational method which makes one mosaic image with several snap shots, one of target area can affect next to the other snap shot each other. Presented in this paper focused on the stray light analysis from unwanted reflected bright source for geostationary ocean color sensor. The stray light effect for total 16 slot images each other were performed according to 8 band filters. For the realistic simulation, we constructed system modeling with integrated ray tracing technique which realizes the same space time in the remote sensing observation among the Sun, the Earth, and the satellite. Computed stray light effect in the results of paper demonstrates the distinguishable radiance value at the specific time and space.
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오은송 ( Eun Song Oh ),안기범 ( Ki Beomahn ),강혁모 ( Hyuk Mo Kang ),조성익 ( Seong Ick Cho ),박영제 ( Young Je Park ) 대한원격탐사학회 2014 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.30 No.4
천리안해양관측위성(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, GOCI)이 2010년 6월에 발사된 이후, 영상 자료의 보정과 검증을 위한 여러 차례의 현장 관측이 한반도 주변에서 수행되었다. 한국해양과학기술원 해양위성센터(Korea Ocean Satellite Center, KOSC)에서는 Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD)사의 분광 광도계 FieldSpec3나 TriOS사의 분광 광도계 RAMSES와 같은 현장관측장비의 특성 변화를 확인하기 위하여 미국국립표준기술원(National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)의 표준화 절차를 거친 광원과 표준 분광 광도계를 이용하여 각각의 현장 관측 마다 기기의 성능을 측정하였다. 본 논문에서는 해양위성센터에 구축된 광학 실험실과 현장관측 분광 광도계의 상대적 복사 검교정 방법에 대해서 소개하고 있다. 광학 실험실은 98% 이상의 광원 균질성을 지니는 20인치 적분구(USS-2000S, LabSphere)와 360 nm부터 1100 nm 까지 1.6 nm 파장 간격으로 측정이 가능한 표준 분광 광도계(MCPD9800, Photal), 그리고 ± 0.1 mm의 편평도를 가지는 광학테이블(3600×1500×800 mm3)을 기본으로 구성되어 있다. 실험실 내부는 정확한 검교정 실험을 위하여 일정한 온습도를 유지하고 있으며, 동일한 광원에 동일한 위치에서 표준과 현장관측용 분광 광도계를 동시에 측정하는 방법을 기본으로 한다. 해양위성센터가 보유하고 있는 ASD를 측정한 결과, 현장관측용 분광광도계의 결과가 푸른 가시광 영역에서 미세한 차이가 측정 시 마다 나타나는 것을 확인하였고, 더불어 1년간의 상대 검교정 실험에 따르면 평균적으로 4.41% 정도의 파장별 광특성이 변화하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 측정 정확도를 유지하고, GOCI 자료의 신뢰도를 확보하기 위하여 지속적인 검교정 실험을 수행해야 하는 이유를 보여주고 있다. After launching the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) on June 2010, field campaigns were performed routinely around Korean peninsula to collect in-situ data for calibration and validation. Key measurements in the campaigns are radiometric ones with field radiometers such as Analytical Spectral Devices FieldSpec3 or TriOS RAMSES. The field radiometers must be regularly calibrated. We, in the paper, introduce the optical laboratory built in KOSC and the relative calibration method for in-situ measurement spectroradiometer. The laboratory is equipped with a 20-inch integrating sphere (USS-2000S, LabSphere) in 98% uniformity, a reference spectrometer (MCPD9800, Photal) covering wavelengths from 360 nm to 1100 nm with 1.6 nm spectral resolution, and an optical table (3600 × 1500 × 800 mm3) having a flatness of ± 0.1 mm. Under constant temperature and humidity maintainance in the room, the reference spectrometer and the in-situ measurement instrument are checked with the same light source in the same distance. From the test of FieldSpec3, we figured out a slight difference among in-situ instruments in blue band range, and also confirmed the sensor spectral performance was changed about 4.41% during 1 year. These results show that the regular calibrations are needed to maintain the field measurement accuracy and thus GOCI data reliability.
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