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가시광 활성 WO<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> 복합체 광촉매의 제조 및 이의 특성 평가
여인철,강인철,Yeo, In-Chul,Kang, In-Cheol 한국분말야금학회 2013 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.20 No.6
The most general photocatalyst, $TiO_2$ and $WO_3$, are acknowledged to be ineffective in range of visible light. Therefore, many efforts have been directed at improving their activity such as: band-gap narrowing with non-metal element doping and making composites with high specific surface area to effectively separate electrons and holes. In this paper, the method was introduced to prepare a photo-active catalyst to visible irradiation by making a mixture with $TiO_2$ and $WO_3$. In the $TiO_2-WO_3$ composite, $WO_3$ absorbs visible light creating excited electrons and holes while some of the excited electrons move to $TiO_2$ and the holes remain in $WO_3$. This charge separation reduces electron-hole recombination resulting in an enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Added Ag plays the role of electron acceptor, retarding the recombination rate of excited electrons and holes. In making a mixture of $TiO_2-WO_3$ composite, the mixing route affects the photocatalytic activity. The planetary ball-mill method is more effective than magnetic stirring route, owing to a more effective dispersion of aggregated powders. The volume ratio of $TiO_2(4)$ and $WO_3(6)$ shows the most effective photocatalytic activity in the range of visible light in the view point of effective separation of electrons and holes.
ZrO<sub>2</sub>-Ag의 복합화 공정에 따른 기계적 특성 및 미세조직 평가
여인철,한재길,강인철,Yeo, In-Chul,Han, Jae-Kil,Kang, In-Cheol 한국분말야금학회 2012 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.19 No.6
This paper introduces an effect of a preparing $ZrO_2$-Ag composite on its mechanical properties and microstructure. In present study, $ZrO_2$-Ag was prepared by reduction-deposition route and wetting dispersive milling method, respectively. Two type of Ag powders (nano Ag and micron Ag size, respectively) were dispersed into $ZrO_2$ powder during wetting dispersive milling in D.I. water. Each sample was sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 2hr in atmosphere, and then several mechanical tests and analysis of microstructure were carried out by bending test, hardness, fracture toughness and fracture surface microstructure. As for microstructure, the Ag coated $ZrO_2$ showed homogeneously dispersed Ag in $ZrO_2$ in where pore defect did not appear. However, $ZrO_2$-nano Ag and $ZrO_2$-micro Ag composite appeared Ag aggregation and its pore defect, which carried out low mechanical property and wide error function value.
여인철,강인철,Yeo, In-Chul,Kang, In-Cheol 한국분말야금학회 2015 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.22 No.1
In this study, the control of microstructure for increasing surface roughness of Al with an electro-chemical reaction and a post treatment is systematically investigated. The Al specimen is electro-chemically treated in an electrolyte. In condition of the post treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, a change of the surface microstructure occur at 50V (5 min), and a oxidized layer is at 400V, to which lead a decreasing surface roughness. The minimum temperature of the post treatment for a change of microstructure is $80^{\circ}C$. Moreover, in the condition of 300V (5 min), the electro-chemical reaction is followed by the post treatment at $100^{\circ}C$, the critical enduring time for the change of microstructure is 3 min. The longer post treatment time leads to the rougher surface. The treated Al specimen demonstrate better heat release ability owing to the higher surface roughness than the non-treated Al.
MAO(Micro-Arc Oxidation) 공정 중 인가 전압, 반응 시간, 전해액 농도에 따른 알루미늄의 표면 미세조직 평가
여인철,강인철,Yeo, In-Chul,Kang, In-Cheol 한국분말야금학회 2011 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.18 No.6
MAO(Micro-Arc Oxidation) method was used to make $Al_2O_3$ surface on 6063 Al specimen. This study was focused on an influence of voltage, density of electrolyte and a period of treatment on the change of surface microstructure by using SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). The microstructure shows higher roughness and thicker oxidized layer with increase of voltage and maintaining period of treatment. The density of electrolyte affected a formation of more dense surface and increase of a oxidized layer.
탄소나노튜브(CNT)의 첨가에 따른 TiO<sub>2</sub>의 광촉매 특성 변화 연구
여인철,강인철,Yeo, In-Chul,Kang, In-Cheol 한국분말야금학회 2016 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.23 No.6
A $TiO_2$/CNT nanohybrid photocatalyst is synthesized via sol-gel route, with titanium (IV) isopropoxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the starting materials. The microstructures and phase constitution of the nanohybrid $TiO_2$/CNT (0.005wt%) samples after calcination at $450^{\circ}C$, $550^{\circ}C$ and $650^{\circ}C$ in air are compared with those of pure $TiO_2$ using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the nanohybrid is compared with that of pure $TiO_2$ with regard to the degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The $TiO_2$/CNT composite exhibits a fast grain growth and phase transformation during calcination. The nanocomposite shows enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation in comparison to pure $TiO_2$ owing to not only better adsorption capability of CNT but also effective electron transfer between $TiO_2$ and CNTs. However, the high calcination temperature of $650^{\circ}C$, regardless of addition of CNT, causes a decrease in photocatalytic activity because of grain growth and phase transformation to rutile. These results such as fast phase transformation to rutile and effective electron transfer are related to carbon doping into $TiO_2$.
유성 볼밀법을 이용한 탄소 도핑 가시광 활성 TiO<sub>2</sub> 광촉매 제조 및 이의 특성 평가
여인철,강인철,Yeo, In-Chul,Kang, In-Cheol 한국분말야금학회 2010 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.17 No.4
A carbon doped $TiO_2$ (C-$TiO_2$) photocatalyst, which shows good photocatalytic activity to Ultraviolet irradiation and visible irradiation, was successfully prepared by co-grinding of $TiO_2$ with ethanol or Activated Carbon(C), followed by heat treatment at $200^{\circ}C$ in air for 60 min. Ethanol and C were used as a representative agent of liquid and solid for carbon doping. Their influence on improving photocatalytic ability and carbon doping degree was studied with degradation of methyl orange and XPS analysis. The product prepared by co-grinding of $TiO_2$ with Ethanol had Ti-C and C-O chemical bonds and showed higher photocatalytic activity than the product prepared by co-grinding of $TiO_2$ with C, where just C-O chemical bond existed. As a result, mechanochemical route is useful to prepare a carbon doped $TiO_2$ photocatalyst activating to visible irradiation, where the solid-liquid operation is more effective than solid-solid operation to obtain a carbon doped $TiO_2$.
하수처리수를 이용한 대수층 함양관리 기술(Managed Aquifer Recharge)에서 유기물과 의약화합물 제거
임훈철(Hun Cheol Im),여인설(In Seol Yeo),맹승규(Sung Kyu Maeng),최희철(Hee Chul Choi) 大韓環境工學會 2015 대한환경공학회지 Vol.37 No.3
본 연구에서는 장성에 위치한 황룡강에서 채취한 모래를 이용하여 유기물질과 의약화합물 제거효율을 평가하고 의약화합물의 제거 메커니즘을 규명하고자 하였다. 회분식 실험 및 칼럼 실험으로 대수층 함양관리기술을 모사하였으며, 모든 실험은 담양 하수처리장의 의약화합물이 포함된 최종방류수를 원수로 하여 구동하였다. 회분식 실험 및 칼럼 실험을 통해유기물질과 의약화합물은 토양 유기물질과 미생물 활성도에 영향을 받아 제거되는 것을 보였다. 유기물질 제거는 생물학적 조건에서 잘 되는 것으로 나타났다. 중성과 양이온 의약화합물(iopromide, estrone 및 trimethoprim)의 경우에는 일반 모래, 구운 모래를 사용한 회분식 실험 모두 70% 이상의 제거효율을 나타냈다. 반면, carbamazepine의 경우는 회분식과 칼럼 실험에서 제거가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. 음이온 의약화합물 (ketoprofen, ibufrofen 및 diclofenac)의 경우 모래 표면의 SOM과 미생물 활성도에 영향을 받아 제거가 되는 것을 보였다. 회분식과 칼럼 실험을 바탕으로 생물학적 영향과 수착이 대수층 함양관리 기술에서 의약화합물 제거에 주요한 메커니즘으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiencies of organic matter and pharmaceuticals and to identify the removal mechanism of pharmaceuticals using sand obtained from Hwangryong River in Jangsung. Batch and column studies were used to simulate managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems. All experiments were performed using field effluent containing pharmaceuticals from Damyang Wastewater Treatment Plant as an influent. Based on the removal results of organic matter and pharmaceuticals from the batch and column experiments, soil organic matter (SOM) and microbial activity were found to effectively remove target contaminants. The removal of organic matter was found to increase under biotic conditions. Neutral and cation pharmaceuticals (iopromide, estrone, and trimethoprim) exhibited removal efficiencies higher than 70% from natural sand and baked sand media in batch and column studies. Carbamazepine persisted in the sand batch and column studies. Anion pharmaceuticals (ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac) can be removed under conditions featuring high SOM and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)concentrations in the sand surface. Based on the experimental Batch and column results, biodegradation and sorption were found to be important mechanisms for the removal of pharmaceuticals within the simulated MAR systems.