Confabulation Following Injury of the Papez Circuit as a Result of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Diffusion Tensor Tractography Study

여상석,Yeo, Sang-Seok Korea Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation As 2016 PNF and Movement Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: In general, confabulation is defined as confusion of reality with past events without apparent prompting, in association with disruption of the capacity for retrieval and encoding of memory. We report on a patient who showed spontaneous confabulation associated with injury of the Papez circuit following middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Methods: A 67-year-old female patient suffered cerebral infarct resulting from spontaneous MCA territory. After onset of the MCA infarct, she showed severe memory impairment and provoked confabulation. The Papez circuit was reconstructed for evaluation of part of it using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volume were measured. Results: The right thalamocingulate tract showed a significant decrement of FA value and tract volume, and an increment of MD value by more than two standard deviations of that of normal control subjects. The tract volume in the left fornix and mammillothalamic tract decreased by more than two standard deviations of that of normal control subjects. Conclusion: Injuries of the Papez circuit were demonstrated in a patient who showed severe memory impairment and provoked confabulation following MCA infarct. We believe that analysis of the Papez circuit tract using DTT is useful in elucidating the cause of provoked confabulation in patients with MCA infarct.

소뇌 손상에 의한 사지 마비 환자의 보행 및 운동 기능 회복 양상 연구

여상석,Sang-Seok Yeo 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2023 PNF and Movement Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: Cerebellar injury can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, stroke, and tumor. Cerebellar injury can manifest in different clinical symptoms and signs depending on the size and location of the injury. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the recovery patterns of each motor function by tracking the motor levels of patients with cerebellar injury. Methods: This study recruited 11 patients with quadriplegia resulting from cerebellar injury. The motricity index (MI), modified Brunnstrom classification (MBC), and functional ambulation category (FAC) methods were used to evaluate motor levels. The motor function evaluation was performed immediately after the onset of the condition and at intervals of one month, two months, and six months after onset. Results: The MI values of the upper and lower extremities and hand function (MBC) indicated severe paralysis in the early stages of onset. Compared to the onset time, significant motor function recovery was observed after 1, 2, and 6 months (p < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant pattern of recovery between 1, 2, and 6 months after onset (p > 0.05). FAC indicated showed significant recovery at one month compared to onset (p<0.05), and there was also a significant difference between 1 and 2 months (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in FAC between 2 and 6 months (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with cerebellar injury showed significant recovery in functions related to muscle strength and voluntary muscle control one month after onset and gradually recovered further over the next six months. On the other hand, gait function, which is closely related to balance, showed a relatively slow recovery pattern from the beginning of the disease to the six month follow-up.

발목관절의 각도가 무릎관절 폄근의 근활성도에 미치는 영향

여상석 ( Sang Seok Yeo ),권중원 ( Jung Won Kwon ),김중선 ( Chung Sun Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2009 대한물리의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose The purpose of this study was to find the effect of ankle joint angle on knee extensor electromyographic activity following knee extension exercise. Methods Ten male university students participated in the study. The subjects performed isometric maximal voluntary knee extensor contractions (MVC) and knee extensor EMG activity measured in with three different ankle joint angle, The EMG activity of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) were measured using surface electromyography. Results EMG activity of vastus lateralis following the change of ankle joint angle was shown statistically significant difference, Conclusion Ankle plantar flexion position insrease EMG activity of vastus lateralis during knee extension exercise.

박과작물의 유연관계 분석을 통한 수박 EST-SSR 마커의 종간 적용성 검정

김혁준(Hyeogjun Kim),여상석(Sang-Seok Yeo),한동엽(Dong-Yeop Han),박영훈(Young-Hoon Park) 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 수박의 EST-SSR 마커를 이용하여, 네 개의 주요 박과(Cucurbitaceae) 작물인 수박, 호박, 오이, 멜론의 유연관계를 분석하고 마커의 타 박과 작물에 활용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. Cucurbit Genomics Initiative(ICuGI) database로부터 선발된 120 EST-SSR 프라이머 중 51(49.17%)가 PCR이 성공하였고, 49(40.8%)가 8개 박과 유전자원에서 다형성을 보였다. 총 24개 박과 유전자원을 24개 EST-SSR 프라이머로 분석한 결과 총 382개 대립유전자 특이적 PCR밴드를 얻었으며, 이를 토대로 짝유사행렬과 계통도를 작성하였다. 짝유사행렬의 범위는 0.01-0.85였으며, 작성된 계통도에서 24개 유전자원이 두 개의 주요그룹(Clade Ⅰ, Ⅱ)으로 분류되었다. Clade I은 다시 수박으로 구성된 하위집단 Ⅰ-1[Ⅰ-1a, Ⅰ-1b-2: 각 1개와 2수박 야생종(Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Mats. & Nakai)으로 구성, Ⅰ-1b-1: 6개수박 재배종(Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris Schrad.)로 구성]과 멜론과 오이로 구성된 하위집단Ⅰ-2[I-2a-1: 4개 멜론 재배종(Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naudin.), Ⅰ-2a-2: 2개 참외 재배종(Cucumis melo var. conomon Makino.), Ⅰ-2b: 5개 오이 재배종(Cucumis sativus L.)]로 분류되었다. 호박으로 구성된 Clade Ⅱ는 다시 Cucurbita moschata(Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. & Poir와 Cucurbita maxima Duch.로 구성된 하위집단 Ⅱ-1과 Cucurbita pepo L.과 Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche로 구성된 하위집단 Ⅱ-2로 나누어졌다. 이러한 결과는 기존의 종명법에 따른 분류와 일치하며, 따라서 수박 EST-SSR 마커를 이용한 타 박과 작물의 비교 유전체 등 연구분야에 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. This study was performed to analyze genetic relationships of the four major cucurbitaceous crops including watermelon, melon, cucumber, and squash/pumpkin. Among 120 EST-SSR primer sets selected from the International Cucurbit Genomics Initiative (ICuGI) database, PCR was successful for 51 (49.17%) primer sets and 49 (40.8%) primer sets showed polymorphisms among eight Cucurbitaceae accessions. A total of 382 allele-specific PCR bands were produced by 49 EST-SSR primers from 24 Cucurbitaceae accessions and used for analysis of pairwise similarity and dendrogram construction. Assessment of the genetic relationships resulted in similarity indexes ranging from 0.01 to 0.85. In the dendrogram, 24 Cucurbitaceae accessions were classified into two major groups (Clade I and II) and 8 subgroups. Clade I comprised two subgroups, Clade I-1 for watermelon accessions [I-1a and I-1b-2: three wild-type watermelons (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Mats. & Nakai), I-1b-1: six watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris S chrad.)] a nd C lade I -2 f or m elon a nd c ucumber accessions [ I-2a-1 : 4 melon cultivars (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naudin.), I-2a-2: oriental melon cultivars (Cucumis melo var. conomon Makino.), and I-2b: five cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L.)]. Squash and pumpkin accessions composed Clade II {II-1: two squash/ pumpkin cultivars [Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.)/Duch. & Poir. and Cucurbita maxima Duch.] and II-2: two squash/pumpkin cultivars, Cucurbita pepo L./Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche.}. These results were in accordance with previously reported classification of Cucurbitaceae species, indicating that watermelon EST-SSRs show a high level of marker transferability and should be useful for genetic in other cucurbit crops.

심상훈련을 통한 운동학습이 과제 수행 능력 및 운동학습 요소에 미치는 영향

김중선,여상석,박상영 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2010 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.49 No.4

본 연구에서는 시열 과제를 통한 운동학습에서 심상 훈련이 운동수행 전 인지 과정과 운동수행 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 건강한 성인 45명을 대상으로 하여 무작위 추출하였고, 심상 훈련군, 실제 훈련군, 대조군으로 분류하였다. 운동수행 과제는 시열과제를 통하여 제공되었으며, 각 자극에 대한 운동반응은 자극제시 시점, 근 수축 유발 시점, 관절운동 유발시점, 운동반응 시간을 측정하였다. 근 수축 유발 시점은 근전도를 사용하였고, 관절운동 유발시점은 관절측각기를 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 심상 훈련군과 실제 훈련군에서 전ᆞ후 운동반응 시간이 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 대조군의 경우 전ᆞ후 운동반응 시간의 변화량이 유의한 수준으로 나타나지 않았다. 심상 훈련을 통한 운동학습으로 시열과제에 대한 운동수행 능력이 개선되는 결과를 보였다. 이는 운동 수행 전 인지단계에서의 효율성의 증가로 인하여 전체 운동 수행능력이 개선되었으며, 근 수축 개시 후 운동반응 시점 사이의 시간 간격은 유의한 수준의 감소를 보이지 않았다. 이를 통하여 심상훈련을 통한 운동 학습이 전체 운동 수행능력에서 운동 수행 전 준비 단계에서의 효율성을 증가에 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. This study examined whether motor imagery leads to a decrease in the temporal process in terms of the onset of muscle activation and reaction time according to acquisition of motor skills in a serial reaction time task. Forty-five right‐handed normal volunteers were recruited, who have no history of neurological dysfunction. The subjects were assigned randomly to the motor training group, motor imagery group, and control group. The three types of motor responses were measured, in terms of onset of muscle activation, onset of wrist joint movement, and motor reaction time from visual stimulation. EMG was used for the muscle activation provocation time, and the electrogoniometer was used for the onset of joint movement. As the results, the motor reaction time was significantly decreased in the pre and the post tests in the motor imagery groups and the actual training group. However, there was no significant difference in the control group. Our results showed that the improvement of the three different type of motor responses were observed in both mental and actual practice. It suggests that mental imagery training is as much effective as the actual training. Thus, it will be useful to practice mental imagery with the task that required the executed movement as well as the task for the cognitive processing.