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에르데네족트 투멘데르거,Z.닝즈밧가르,이정수 한국몽골학회 2021 몽골학 Vol.- No.65
According to the information we have the preservation and protection of Mongolia’s cultural heritage has more than 300 years old history and dates back to the 1700s. We understand this in connection with the resurgence of Buddhism in Mongolia in the second half of the 16th century with the initiative and support of the aristocracy, the establishment of monasteries, and their restoration over time as they became obsolete over time. During the period of the XVIII-XX centuries until the 1920s, renovations and restorations of monasteries were carried out with public devotion and charities. With the victory of the national democratic revolution in Mongolia in 1921, the government developed and implemented a policy of radical reform in all spheres of society, part of which was a policy on the preservation and protection of cultural heritage. In 1924, the “Rules for the Preservation of Antiquities” were developed, and it was the first time that the state had established a legal basis for the preservation and protection of cultural heritage. In the 1930s, horrific acts of repression spread throughout Mongolia, destroying hundreds of monasteries and cultural monuments. In the 1940s, however, the government began to focus on preserving architectural monuments, especially a small number of monumental buildings left from the repression period. Restoration works were carried out starting from the 1960s, and some buildings began to be used as a museum. In the 1970s, for the first time, a law regulating the protection of cultural heritage and monuments was adopted and an organization for the restoration of monuments was established. In this article, we classify the policy and activities regarding Mongolian cultural heritage between 1700-1990 into several periods based on the documents and research works stored in the National Archives of Mongolia and tell about the specifics of each period.
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홍은기,에르데네족트 투멘데르거 한국몽골학회 2020 몽골학 Vol.0 No.61
The choijin lama Temple in Mongolia is a major Rama Buddhism temple designated as a state-designated cultural asset in Mongolia. It was built in 1903 but was burnt down by fire and rebuilt from 1904 to 1908 the following year and has been maintained to this day. Since it is a Mongolian architectural and cultural heritage representative of the 19th and 20th centuries among existing cultural heritage, Keeping a record of its value is thought to be a necessary process for the protection of cultural heritage in the future. The purpose of the project was to examine the process of changing the layout of the buildings in the temple from the time the temple was built to the present day after the reconstruction. Based on related research data, documents, photographs, etc., Compared to the current buildings, the process of the change in the layout of the temples was analyzed. The results from the study are as follows. First, the temple can be divided into four areas, including outer area, intermediate area, main temple area, and the yadam temple area, depending on the space divided by buildings and walls. Second, the time-to-date layout changes of buildings are divided into four periods: at the time of construction, from the beginning to 1938, from 1938 to 1960 and from 1960 to the present. Third, depending on the social and political situation, the timing system has four time-specific characteristics: glory days, period of decline, period of stability, and period of revival. 몽골 초이진 라마 사원은 몽골 내 국가지정문화재로 지정된 주요 불교 사원이다. 1903년 건립되었으나 화재로 전소(全燒)되고 이듬해인 1904년부터 1908년까지 재건되어 현재까지 이른다. 현존하는 문화유산 중 20세기를 대표하는 몽골 건축문화유산이기 때문에 그 가치를 기록해 두는 것은 향후 문화유산 보호를 위해 필요한 과정이라고 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 몽골 초이진 라마 사원을 대상으로 건립당시부터 재건 이후 현재까지 사원 내 건물의 가람배치 변화과정을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 관련 연구자료, 문서, 사진 등 기록자료를 중심으로 현재의 건물과 비교하며 사원의 배치 변화과정을 분석하였으며 연구를 통해 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사원은 건물과 담장으로 구획된 공간에 따라 크게 외부공간, 중간권역, 주불전권역, 본존전권역 등 네 개 권역으로 구분할 수 있다. 둘째, 건물의 시기별 배치변화는 사회상 등에 따라 초창, 초창부터 1938년, 1938년 이후부터 1960년, 1960년부터 현재 등 4개 시기로 구분된다. 셋째, 시기구분은 사회적‧정치적 상황에 따라 전성기, 쇠퇴기, 정체기, 부흥기 등 4개의 시기별 성격을 갖는다.
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