물류수송측면에서 고속도로의 역할진단 평가 연구

양홍모(YANG, Hongmo),박동주(PARK, Dongjoo),신승진(Sin, Seung-Jin),최윤혁(Choi, Yoon-Hyuk),정소영(Jeong, So-Yeong),허은진(Heo, Eun-Jin) 대한교통학회 2013 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.68 No.-

본 연구는 물류수송측면에서 고속도로의 역할을 진단하고 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 고속도로의 역할과 국민의 생활환경 및 교통 환경 개선 정도을 파악하기 위한 지표는 효율성과 공공성으로 구분하였다. 효율성 부문의 평가척도는 도로등급별 교통수단별 화물 수송실적(톤-km), 화물자동차 및 철도 통행실적(대-km/열차-km), 연료소모량(ℓ/km)을 선정하여 분석하였다. 공공성 부문은 온실가 스 배출량을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 고속도로가 물류수송 기능을 적정하게 수행하는지에 대한 여부를 진단하고 평가하였다. 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고속도로 화물수송실적은 도로수송실적의 약 50%를 차지하며, 고속도로가 우리나라 도로화물수송 의 커다란 역할을 수행하는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 고속도로 통행실적은 도로통행실적은 약 40%를 차지하며, 고속도로와 일반국 도의 연장을 고려할 때 고속도로 통행실적은 일반도로에 비해 월등히 큰 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연료소모량은 화 물의 이동이 빈번한 고속도로가 타 도로에 비해 많은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 고속도로의 온실가스 배출 비율은 전체도로 중 약 48%를 차지한다. 또한 철도의 온실가스 배출은 고속도로, 일반국도보다 낮게 배출되었으나 도로와 철도의 연장을 고려했을 때 온실가스 배출이 유사하게 나타났다.

SCM과 6 Sigma를 결합한 혁신 방법론 개발

박형진(Hyungjin Park),김형태(Hyoungtae Kim),윤정기(Junggee Yoon),양홍모(Hongmo Yang),정방환(Banghwan Chung),가철순(Chulsoon Kah),박흥옥(Heungok Park) 대한산업공학회 2006 대한산업공학회지 Vol.32 No.4

갈대 및 부들 습지셀의 연못시스템 방류수 질소제거 비교

양홍모 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

NO₃-N and T-N removal rates of cattail wetland cells were compared with those of reed wet-land cells. The examined cells were a part of a pond-wetland system composed of two ponds in series and six wetland cells in parallel. Each wetland cell was 25 m in length and 6 m in width. Cattails (Typha angustifolia) were transplanted into three cells and reeds (Phragmites australis) into another three ones in June 2000. Water of Sinyang stream flowing into Kohung Estuarine lake located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula was pumped into the primary pond, its effluent was discharged into the secondary pond. Effluent from the secondary pond was funneled into each cell. Two cattail and reed cells were chosen for this research. Water quantity and quality of influnt and effluent were analyzed from May 2001 through October 2001. The volume of influent and effluent of the cells averaged about 20.0 m³/day and 19.3 m³/day, respectively. Hydraulic retention time was approximately 1.5 days. Influent NO₃-N concentration for the four cells averaged 2.39 mg/L. Effluent NO₃-N concentration for the cattail and reed cells averaged 1.74 and 1.78 mg/L, respectively. Average NO₃-N retention rate for the cattail and reed cells by mass was 30 and 29%, respectively. Influent T-N concentration for the four cells averaged 4.13 mg/L Effluent T-N concentration for the cattail and reed cells averaged 2.55 and 2.61 mg/L, respectively. Average T-N retention rate for the cattail and reed cells by mass was 39 and 38%, respectively. NO₃-N and T-N concentrations in effluent from the cattail cells were significantly low (p = 0.04), compared with those from the reed cells. Cattail wetland cells were more efficient for NO₃-N and T-N abatement than reed ones.

2차처리장 방류수 정화 부들습지셀의 초기운영단계 질산성질소 제거

양홍모 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Nitrate removal was examined from May to October 2003 of a surface flow treatment wetland cell, which was a part of a treatment wetland system composed of four wetland cells and a distribution pond. The system was established on rice paddy near the Kohung Estuarine Lake located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Effluent from a secondary-level night soil treatment plant was funneled into the system. The investigated cell, 87 m in length and 14 m in width, was created in April 2003. An open water was designed at its center, which was equivalent to 10 percent of its total area. Cattails (Typha angustifolia) were transplanted from natural wetlands into the cell and their stems were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Average 25.0 m³/day of effluent from the treatment plant was funneled into the cell by gravity flow and average 24.1 m³/day of its treated effluent was discharged into the Sinyang Stream flowing into the lake. Its water depth was maintained about 0.2 m and its hydraulic detention time averaged 5.2 days. Average height of the cattail stems was 42.5 cm in May 2003 and 117.7 cm in September 2003. The number of stems averaged 9.5 stems/m² in May 2003 and 16.4 stems/m² in September 2003. The growth of cattails was good. Temperature of influent and effluent averaged 25.9 and 26.7 ℃, respectively. NO₃-N loading rate of influent and effluent averaged 176.67 and 88.09 mg/m²·day, respectively. Removal of NO₃-N averaged 89.58 mg/m²·day and its removal rate by mass was about 50%. Considering its initial operating stage in which cattail rhizomes and litter layer on the bottom were not fully established, the NO₃-N removal rate of the cell was rather good.

생태적 축산폐수 처리 및 재활용 연못시스템의 폐수처리수준

이종욱,양홍모 한국환경농학회 1998 한국환경농학회지 Vol.17 No.1

실험결과 최종처리수의 BOD_5를 30㎎/ℓ이하로 유지하는 것이 충분히 가능하다. 최종처리수의 총질소와 총인은 축산폐수처리시설의 방류수 수질기준보다 월등히 낮다. 연못상층에서 조류(Algae)가 성장하면서 질소와 인을 흡수하기 때문이다. 연못시스템은 질소와 인을 동시에 제거하는 장점이 있다. 최종처리수의 평균 SS가 30㎎/ℓ 보다 다소 높아 2차처리 수준의 방류수 수질기준을 충족시키지 못하는 경우가 발생할 수 있으나 연못상층의 조류(Algae) 성장에 원인이 있어 문제가 되지 않는다. 2차연못과 3차연못의 SS는 거의 조류가 차지하고 있다. 조류를 회수하여 사료로 사용하거나 처리수를 유기농업 관수로 이용하여 조류를 비료로 이용하는 재활용 방법이 바람직하다. 실험 연못시스템의 모델은 연못의 수, 연못의 종류, 각 연못의 크기, 유입폐수의 BOD_5 부하량을 적절히 조절하면 액상폐수(뇨·오수)뿐아니라 분·뇨·오수를 동시에 처리할 수 있다. 국내 여건에서는 중소규모 축산시설의 폐수를 처리하는데 연못시스템이 적합하며, 토지확보가 가능하면 대형 축산폐수 공동처리시설로 사용할 수 있다. 대부분 축산농가에 설치되어 있는 간이정화조와 산화구를 연못시스템으로 대치하여 이들의 낮은 처리효율의 문제점을 해결할 수 있다고 사료된다. 다른 처리기법에 비해 연못시스템은 관리운영에 적은 인력과 경비가 소요하여 노동력이 부족한 농촌지역에 적합하다. A model of pond system is developed for treatment and recycling of excreta from twenty-five adult dairy cattle. It is composed of wastewater treatment ponds and small fish ponds. Those are three facultative ponds in series; primary-secondary-tertiary pond and these are designed to rear carps without feeding. A pit is constructed at the bottom of primary pond for efficient sludge sedimentation and effective methane fermentation. It is contrived to block into it the penetration of oxygen dissolved in the upper layer of pond water. The excreta from the cattle housed in stalls are diluted by water used for clearing them. The washed excreta flow into the pit. The average yearly BOD_5 concentration of influent is 398.7㎎/ℓ. That of the effluent from primary, secondary and tertiary pond of the system is 49.18, 27.9, and 19.8㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 88, 93, and 95 % of BOD5 are removed in each pond. The mean yearly SS concentration of influent is 360.5㎎/ℓ. That of the effluent from each pond is 53.4, 45.7, and 32.7㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 86, 88, and 91% of SS are removed in each pond. The BOD_5 concentration of secondary and tertiary pond can satisfy 30㎎/ℓ secondary treatment standard. The SS concentration of effluent from tertiary pond, however, is slightly greater than the standard, which results from activities of carps growing in the pond. The average yearly total nitrogen concentration of influent is 206.8㎎/ℓ and that of the effluent from each pond is 48.6, 30.8, and 21.0㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 74, 88, and 90% of total nitrogen are removed in each pond. The mean yearly total phosphorous concentration of influent is 20.7㎎/ℓ and that of the effluent from each pond is 5.3, 3.2, and 2.1㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 97, 98, and 99% of total phosphorous are removed in each pond. The high removal of nitrogen and phosphorous results from active growth of algae in the upper layer of pond water. Important pond design parameters for southern part of Korea -- areal loading of BOD5, liquid depth, hydraulic detention time, free board, and pond arrangement -- are taken up.