멘델유전학에서 생명공학시대까지 생명관의 변천

양재섭 ( Jae Sub Yang ),구미정 ( Mi Jung Koo ) 한국과학사학회 2005 한국과학사학회지 Vol.27 No.1

생명특허의 허용과 인간존엄성의 문제

양재섭(Jae Sub Yang) 한국생명윤리학회 2009 생명윤리 Vol.10 No.2

최초로 생명체에 생명특허를 허용한 차크라바티 사건(1980)은 물질과 생명의 경계가 허물어지고 생명의 소유화와 상품화를 허용하는 계기가 되었다는 점에서 많은 논쟁을 불러 일으켰다. 이어서 굴의 배수체, 발암유전자 생쥐에 특허를 허용하였고, 드디어 인간유전체계획이 진행됨에 따라 인간의 유전자에 대한 특허와 인간이 소유하고 있는 바이러스도 특허 대상으로 논의되었다. 이러한 과정에서 인간에 대한 생명특허의 허용이 인간존엄성을 훼손하는지 여부는 중요한 관심사가 되었다. 그런데 유엔 세계인권선언(1948), 유네스코의 인간유전체와 인권에 관한 선언(1997) 등의 문서들은 한결같이 인간의 존엄과 가치를 천명하였으며 영리목적으로 이용하지 말 것을 권고하고 있다. 결과적으로 인간에 대한 생명특허의 허용은 생명을 목적보다는 수단으로 다루는 분위기를 조성하고 이윤적 동기를 강하게 유발한다는 점에서 상당부분 인간존엄성을 손상시키는 것으로 생각된다. The Chakrabarty case which allowed patenting of a living organism for the first time has created many issues specifically with regards to privatization and commercialization of life and distorting the boundaries between living and non-living things. Since then, polyploid of oyster and onco-mouse have been patented. Furthermore, with the progress of the Human Genome Project, there is more discussion on patenting human genes and human-possessing viruses. In the process, whether the human-related patents destroy human dignity have become an important issue. The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and UNESCO Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights(1997) strongly stress the importance of human dignity and recommend not to exploit it for commercialization. Finally, the human-related patents tend to promote commercialization rather than preserving life dignity, therefore, to damage human dignity. Human dignity should always be preserved.

뇌사 담론에 내포된 생명관

양재섭 ( Jae Sub Yang ),구미정 ( Mi Jung Koo ) 한국의료윤리학회 2006 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The invention of respirators and other life support systems has challenged the traditional definition of death. If the absence of a heartbeat and spontaneous breathing are the signs of death, how do these criteria apply when one is on a respirator? Alongside these technical inventions, the field of organ transplantation continues to develop and has become a significant factor in forcing us to rethink the traditional definition of death, that is, the death of the heart and lungs. The definition of death is further complicated by the fact that dying is a continual and gradual process, although life and death are often considered to be distinct states. For all of these reasons, the definition of death involves an essential interpretive component. Accordingly, this article examines contemporary responses to the new definitions of death, such as whole brain death, neocortical death, and brain stem death. The authors claim that attempts to define death in terms of the loss of a particular function of the brain derive from a mechanical, reductionist, and hierarchical view of life, which has also given rise to the idea that human life begins 14 days after fertilization. It is argued that, from a holistic or organic perspective, the concept of brain death must be treated with caution, although there are pragmatic considerations in support of its use.

유전학적 맥락에서 인간 존엄성에 관한 연구

양재섭 ( Jae Sub Yang ),구미정 ( Mi Jung Koo ) 한국의료윤리학회 2004 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.7 No.1

대학교육현장에서의 생명윤리교육

양재섭(Jae Sub Yang),구미정(Mi-Jung Koo) 한국생명윤리학회 2009 생명윤리 Vol.10 No.1

이 글은 대학교육현장에서 생명윤리 강좌가 어떻게 운영되고 있는가를 대구대학교의 사례를 중심으로 살펴본 연구이다. 대구대학교에서는 2004학년도 1학기부터 교양과목으로 〈인간복제시대의 생명윤리〉(2006학년도부터 〈생명윤리와 영화〉로 개명)를, 2005학년도 1학기부터는 분자생물학과의 전공과목으로 〈생명윤리학〉을 개설, 운영하여 왔다. 이 강좌에서는 대체로 ‘생명의 시작과 끝, 그리고 그 과정’에 함축된 다양한 윤리 문제들을 다룸에 있어 해당 주제별로 적절한 영화를 선별, 활용하였고, 모둠별 토론활동을 통해 공동체성을 강화하고자 노력하였다. 자살과 낙태 등 생명경시가 유행병처럼 번지는 위기상황에서, 그리고 경쟁일변도로 치닫는 대학의 각박한 분위기에서 생명윤리는 생명에 대한 최소한의 예의를 갖출 수 있는 마지막 보루이기에, 생명관련 학과 학생은 물론 모든 대학생들을 위해 생명윤리교육을 제도화할 필요가 있다. 더 나아가서 생명윤리 전문가들을 육성하는 과제가 시급히 요구되며, 복잡하고 어려운 생명윤리의 주제들을 쉽고 흥미롭게 가공하여 다양한 매체를 통해 전달할 중간 매개자를 발굴하는 일이 중요하다고 제안한다. This study aims to examine how the bioethics education works out in the universities. Especially focusing on the case of Daegu University, 〈Bioethics in the age of Human Cloning〉 had been operated as a selective course in the liberal arts since 2004, which has been changed into the title of 〈Bioethics and the Movies〉 in 2006. From 2005, 〈Bioethics〉 for Molecular Biology Students was added. When the lectures run this course, they choose and use the movies relating the bioethical issues so that the students can easily understand what is the main point of each themes and develop the community spirit through group activities. Because bioethics can be the last stronghold in the university where the humanities are hanging at the critical moment, it should be a compulsory course, not a selective one. Also for the bright future of bioethics in the universities, it is urgently needed to develop the professionals and encourage the intermediators to product the diverse educational supplements that help bioethics education be ease and interesting.

물화(物化)된 죽음으로서의 자살

양재섭 ( Jae Sub Yang ),구미정 ( Mi Jung Koo ) 한국의료윤리학회 2006 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.9 No.1

This article examines the issue of suicide in South Korea, where the overall suicide rate has increased significantly since 1997. In 2004 South Korea had the highest suicide rate among all OECD countries. The article begins with a definition of suicide as "thingified" death. Suicide is "thingified" death insofar as the agent is deprived of the possibility of a good death or the right to die with dignity. The article presents a description and analysis of typical cases of suicide in South Korea. After considering the biological, psychological, and sociological aspects of suicide, the article provides theological and ethical analyses of suicide. The Old Testament story of Job is introduced as a theological model of enduring life no matter how much suffering it involves. Finally, the article evaluates the notion of ownership of life, individual autonomy, and the freedom to kill ourselves in light of Eastern philosophical and religious traditions.

호알칼리성 Coryneform Bacteria TU-19의 형태적, 배양적 특성에 미치는 pH효과

최명철,양재섭,황철원,강선철,Choi, Myoung-Chul,Yang, Jae-Sub,Hwang, Cher-Won,Kang, Sun-Chul 한국응용생명화학회 1998 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.43 No.4

다양한 초발 pH에서 호알칼리성 Coryneform bacteria TU-19 균주를 배양하면서 이 균주의 형태적, 배양적 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 $pH\;9.0{\sim}10.0$의 초발 pH 범위에서 공시균주는 정상적인 성장을 보였으나 pH 12.0에서는 성장이 완전히 저해되었다. 흥미롭게도 본 균주는 배지의 초발 pH에 따라 균체의 형태적 변화가 관찰되었다. 즉 pH 8.0, 대수증식기에서 이 균은 길게 둘둘말린 filament 형태를 이루고 있었으나 최적 pH(10.0)에서는 한 개 혹은 두 개의 짧게 뻗은 rod 형태를 보였다. 또한 이 균은 $pH\;9.0{\sim}11.0$ 범위에서 배양할 경우 배양액의 최종 pH를 자신의 생육에 적합하도록 8.5 근처로 조절할 수 있음이 확인되었다. The morphological and cultural characteristics of alkalophilic Coryneform bacteria TU-19 were investigated at various pHs. This bacterium showed normal growth pattern at $pH\;9.0{\sim}10.0$, but the cell growth was completely inhibited at extreme pH (12.0 or more). Interestingly, at pH 8.0 the morphology of the bacterial cells seems to form convoluted filaments during the exponential growth phase while at pH 10.0, the optimal pH for the growth of this organism, the bacteria grew with variable paired or single forms, and straight rods during growth stages. Growing in alkaline media $(pH\;9.0{\sim}11.0)$, it adjusted the pH of the culture media to around pH 8.5 by itself.

호알칼리성 Coryneform bacteria TU - 19 가 생산하는 세종류의 균체외 단백질분해효소의 정제

강선철,최명철,양재섭 ( Sun Chul Kang,Myoung Chul Choi,Jae Sub Yang ) 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.6

Alkalophilic coryneform bacteria TU-19 isolated from soil extracellularly produced at least three proteases (Protease Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ). Investigating the cultural conditions related to the enzyme production of this bacterial cell, the optimum pH and temperature were 10.0 and 30℃, respectively. In order to purify these enzymes from the 2 day culture broth ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and QAE-Sephadex column chromatography were performed step by step. And then these three proteases were purified to near homogeneity by judging from SDS-PAGE pattern, and had the molecular weights of 120, 80, and 45 kilodaltons, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of Protease Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 10.5 and 45℃, respectively, and Protease Ⅱ were 11.0 and 50℃. And the enzymes were completely inhibited by PMSF suggesting serine protease, but not affected by pCMB. 1,10-phenanthroline, IAA, and EDTA.

불가피성의 윤리와 불가분성의 윤리 -인간복제의 측면에서 갈등을 중재하기 위한 시도

구미정 ( Mi Jung Koo ),양재섭 ( Jae Sub Yang ) 한국의료윤리학회 2004 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of cDNA CHK23 for Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein p23 Homolog in Chick Embryonic Myoblasts

양재섭,장세헌,강봉석,조영준,유병제 한국유전학회 1996 Genes & Genomics Vol.18 No.2

The differentiation of skeletal muscle cells includes fusion of mononucleated myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes and regulation of differentiation-related gene expression at the transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels. In order to study the muscle gene regulation during the differentiation of cultured chicken embryonic myoblasts, we had constructed cDNA library from myotubes and identified a developmentally regulated gene, named CHK23, from the myotube cDNA library by differential plaque hybridization. Using this cDNA clone as a probe, we observed that the amount of CHK23 transcripts is more abundant in the cells cultured in differentiation media(8102) than those cultured in growth media(811) or inhibition media(910) as judged from RNA dot blot analysis. Northern analysis showed that a 900 nucleotide transcript of CHK23 was preferentially detected in myotubes. Thus, CHK23 transcripts apparently accumulated during differentiation in vitro. The CHK23 has an open reading frame that codes for a protein of 172 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence from CHK23 cDNA was 88% and 90% identical to those of a growth-related tumor protein p23 in murine and human tumor cells. This striking sequence similarity among the mouse, human and chicken p23 suggests that these proteins may have very similar, if not identical, functions.