eUCP에서 의도하는 전자자료제시에 관한 연구

양의동(Yang Ui Dong) 한국통상정보학회 2002 통상정보연구 Vol.4 No.2

본 논문에서는 eUCP에서 전자자료 제시의 기준과 심사기준을 중심으로 연구하였다. 전자자료 제시의 장소, 제시의 방법에 대한 기준과 제시시기 및 전자제시에 대한 인증에서 발생하는 문제점을 제기하고 심사기간의 기준과 하이퍼링크방식의 전자자료에 대한 심사기준, 훼손된 전자기록에 대한 심사기준을 분석하였으며, 전자기록의 거절의 방법과 그에 대한 응답에 관련된 내용을 분석하였다. 전자제시의 문제점으로서 표준양식의 문제, 전자제시자의 면책의 문제, 환어음 유통성의 문제, 서류 심사기간, 인증기관과 방법에 관한 문제에 대하여 분석하여 해결방안을 제시하였다.

UCP 600의 주요개정 내용 및 실무적용상의 문제점에 대한 관한 연구

양의동(Ui-dong Yang) 한국통상정보학회 2007 통상정보연구 Vol.9 No.1

UCP 600 will now come into effect on 1 July 2007, giving practitioners more than six months to prepare for the change. The vote on the UCP was also a favourable vote on eUCP Version 1.1 which was amended to bring it into conformity with the new rules. ICC Banking commission unanimeusly approved the revised UCP 600 on 26 October 2006 in paris convention. The most important revision of UCP600 have altered the technical and difficult to understand wording of UCP500 into plain simple precise and concise language, The singuler achievement of UCP600 is its elimination of phrase like “reasonable care” “reasonable time” and “an it’s face” from the rule. The introduction of separate articles 2 and 3 on “Definitions” and “Interpretation” which contain the concept of “honour” along with the inclusion of certain ISBP wording in UCP, should bring about far greater clarity and precision than in many of the contentions articles in UCP500. The definition of negotiation should help lay to rest the controversies surrounding the terms of negotiation. The removal of reasonable time and the replacement by five banking days should speed the process and make L/Cs more attractive in the market, nevertheless UCP600 have many problems in appling it in practical field. For example the definition of credit, negotiation and purchase it’s accepted or undertaken payment draft by accepting bank or deferred payment bank, the second advising bark’s position etc. so, I will introduce in this thesis the important revised articles of UCP600 and investigate the problems in applying it in practicle field with reference to the specialist’s opinion of the practical field and ICC opinions of drafting Group.

A Study of Activation Ways of L/C Transaction by Analysis on the Practical Problems of UCP 600

Ui-dong Yang(양의동) 한국국제상학회 2018 國際商學 Vol.33 No.1

Purpose : Although formal six month process to consider a revision of UCP 600 came to close in April 2017 and announced the decision not to proceed to revise it more, nonetheless many opinions of all social standing about the revision of the UCP 600 which were presented and investigated at the annual survey of L/C law & practice at Singapore in 2016 have some reason to be considered to revised the UCP 600 and should be understanded by the relates to prevent them from the disadvantage by misunderstanding of it. In this article, the results of the survey about the direction of revising UCP 600 from the each nations were introduced and investigated. According to the results we would like to propose the direction of the revision of UCP 600 and the ways of activating the L/C transaction. Research design, data, methodology : The ICC 2016 October paper entitled ‘position of the executive committee of the ICC Banking Commission Regarding a Revision of the UCP’was mainly based on this article as data of each nations and their opinions. And two meetings’ data also were used for analysis of it, which are the ICC National Committee representatives at the ICC National committee Forum in Rome on 8 November 2016 and the ICC National Committee ‘Sharing Session in Paris on 23 November 2016. Other thesis contributed were ICC Banking Commission opinions for inquiries from each Banks and International literatures about UCP 600 and many foreign researches which was introduced in IIBLP’ DCW and ICC’ DCI. Results : According to analysis, some unsolved problems were found which were the contradiction between theory and business practices. So there are needs to introduce it for the relates specially international traders and bankers by publication of an article of it. Conclusions : This articles presented the ways of solutions against the problems appeared in and drew out the lay out of activation about L/C transaction. 2017년 4월 UCP 600의 개정에 관한 논의를 더 이상 진행하지 않기로 한 ICC의 공식적인 결정에도 불구하고 최근 각종 디지털화해가는 결제방식과 open account 중심의 대금결제가 주를 이루는 국제환경을 고려해 볼 때 2016년 싱가포르 심포지움에서 논의된 ‘신용장의 규칙 과 관습에 관한 연례회의의 UCP 600에 대한 개정방향’에 대한 많은 의견은 상당한 타당성이 있었다고 판단된다. 특히 그 중에서 현행 신용장의 사용방법 중 매입신용장과 인수신용장은 없애고 지급신용장과 연지급신용장만 존치하자는 의견, 그리고 환어음의 사용을 폐지하자는 의견은 재조명할 필요가 있다. 신용장조건변경 방법 중에서 수익자의 행위에 의한 묵시적 조건변경을 인정할 것인가의 문제와 확인은행의 확인조건에 대해서 조건변경의 수익자 및 발행 은행의 동의 필요여부, 불가항력사항 종료 후 유효기일 연기문제에 대하여 현장에서 나타나는 실무상 문제를 환어음의 매입과 신용장 조건을 중심으로 분석하여 UCP 600 개정안의 문제점을 도출하고 이에 대한 신용장 거래의 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

해상수입화물 보증도(保證渡)의 국내관행에 관한 사례의 비교연구

양의동(Yang-ui Dong) 한국국제상학회 2009 國際商學 Vol.24 No.3

In the Letter of Credit’s Transaction requesting an Ocean Bill of Lading, the importer generally wants to take the delivery from the shipping company prior to receiving the original B/L. When this is the case, it is a rule that the importer must get a Letter of Guarantee (L/G) from the Issuing Bank and present it to the shipping company. The Issuing Bank is a consignee of the B/L. If the importers want to take the L/G from the issuing bank, the importers are responsible for paying the proceeds imported to the Issuing Bank. However, there are many cases in which after presenting a forged L/G, the importers would take the goods from the shipping company. As a result, the importers would be bankrupt having not paying the proceeds to the bank. The Issuing Bank would also lose their rights to take goods from the shipping company though previously presented with an original B/L to the ocean carrier. The question at hand is should the shipping company release the cargo only to the original holder of the B/L or, release the cargo to the holder of the L/G by the Issuing Bank even though it may be an unlawful act? Therefore in this article, I would like to investigate the following issues: the domestic customs of delivery of cargo by the L/G of the bank, and further study the problems that arise as a result of these measures. In addition, I would like to present the means of improvement for this system.

Open Account 방식 채권 매입 금융과 신용장 방식 매입 금융의 실무상 차이점에 대한 연구

양의동(Ui-Dong Yang),이대우(Dae?Woo Lee) 한국무역학회 2018 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2018 No.7

본 논문은 Open Account 방식 금융과 신용장거래의 매입금융 방식의 차이점에 대해서 국내 사례를 분석하고 국내외의 논문을 검토하여 설명하고 허위채권매입에 대한 예방책을 제시하고자 하였다. 무엇보다도 국제팩토링거래나 Open Account 방식에 의한 수출채권매입의 경우에는 채권 성립에 대한 확인이 필요하다고 하겠다. 단순히 수출업자로부터 제시되는 서류만을 근거로 하여 수출채권의 성립을 인정하는 신용장거래와는 달리 실질적인 채권이행 여부에 대한 확인이 필요하다고 하겠다. 이로 인하여 국내 채권매입방식 금융에 대하여 매입은행에게 선의의 소지인의 지위가 보장되지 아니함으로 이에 대한 대비책으로 선적서류의 발행여부와 수출통관여부에 대한 확인서류의 제출을 요구하여 그 성립여부를 확인하는 절차가 요구되고 있다는 것을 강조하였다. Purpose : Recently in our country, the financings of purchasing the trade receivables by Open Account are getting to be increased and also the crimes of that kind of financing are raised upward. Therefore in that study, the key differences between the financing of the trade receivables by Open Account and that of L/C transaction were tried to be compared and investigated. As the result, the crime prevention be intended to be presented would. Research, design, data, mythology, analyzed : This paper reviewed and analyzed the recent sentences in our country about the case of the financing the trade receivables by Open Account transaction and also be investigated the sentence of our country about the fraud transaction of L/C. Many of the foreign and domestic articles same as this cases on the site were also analyzed. Results : As the results of above mentioned studies, the first sentence of district court in our country abour this case the Monuel case could be found and investigated. The Monuel case was the fraud deal by use of the false documents and the intermediate trade in center of Hong Kong. The actual export was conducted from Hong Kong to U.S.A but the financing was made in our country by use of the false documents. Conclusion : The financing of the purchasing the trade receivables by Open Account was found to be risky and dangerous compared with L/C transaction in the future, the countermeasure of the prevention of such crime must be needed.

국제표준은행 관행에 의한 은행의 신용장 서류심사에 관한 사례연구

양의동(Ui-Dong Yang) 한국무역연구원 2009 무역연구 Vol.5 No.2

It is very important to examine whether or not the document presented under L/C transaction is complied with the terms and conditions of L/C. According to UCP, bank must examine all the document stipulated in the credit with a reasonable care, to ascertain whether or not they appear, on their face, to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of credit, shall be determined by international standard banking practices as reflected in this article ( afterwards, say, ISBP). This ISBP means ICC official opinions, the sentences of courts and the awards of commercial arbitration board against international trade disputes. So in this thesis, I tried to investigate the ISBP applied to Korean international trade cases and find the problems and methods of improvement in examining the document presented by bank.

수입업자의 항공화물 선인수 관습에 관한 사례연구

양의동(Ui-Dong Yang) 한국국제상학회 2008 國際商學 Vol.23 No.1

  In the Letter of Credit’s Transaction which is requested airway bill, the importer customary wants to accept air cargos before arriving original documents. In that time, it is a rule that the importer must take approval from L/C issuing bank which is the consignee of Airway bills and present it to the customhouse. But the importer must make payment to the Issuing Bank. The importer would tried to make clearance the air cargo through customs without presenting Bank’s approval. The airline company also give airway bill to the importer as consignee who has made payment the freight to them and cooperate them to make clearance the goods through the customs by importer. If the importer bankrupted without paying the proceeds to the issuing bank, the issuing bank would lose their right to take the goods from the airline company even though they presented the original Airway bill to the airline company. In the trade transaction, there were too many disputes between issuing bank and airline company. therefore in this thesis, I world like study two international cases about these problems and decisions of court.

A Study on the Differences between the Financing of Purchasing the Trade Receivables by Open Account and that of L/C Transaction on the Site

Ui-dong Yang(양의동),Dae–,woo Lee(이대우) 한국국제상학회 2018 國際商學 Vol.33 No.3

Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 연구방법 및 선행연구 고찰 Ⅲ. 관련사례분석 Ⅳ. O/A 방식 채권양도금융과 신용장거래매입방식의 차이점 Ⅴ. 결론 참고문헌 본 논문은 Open Account 방식 금융과 신용장거래의 매입금융 방식의 차이점에 대해서 국내 사례 및 국내외의 논문을 검토하여 설명하고 허위채권 매입에 대한 예방책을 제시하고자 하였다. 무엇보다도 국제팩토링거래나 Open Account 방식에 의한 수출채권매입의 경우에는 채권 성립에 대한 확인이 필요하다 할 수 있다. 단순히 수출업자로부터 제시되는 서류만을 근거로 하여 수출채권의 성립을 인정하는 신용장거래와는 달리 O/A방식 수출채권매입거래는 실질적인 채권이행 여부에 대한 확인이 필요하다. 이로 인하여 국내채권매입방식 금융에 대하여 매입은행에게 선의의 양수인의 지위가 보장되지 아니하므로 이에 대한 대비책으로 선적 서류의 발행여부와 수출통관 여부에 대한 확인서류의 제출을 요구하여 그 채권성립 여부를 철저히 확인하는 절차가 요구되고 있다는 것을 강조하였다.

중국 수출ㆍ입관리제도의 특징에 관한 연구

양의동(Ui-dong Yang) 한국국제상학회 2011 國際商學 Vol.26 No.4

This article focuses on characteristics of Import-export management system and foreign trade policy in China and the presentation of our defense measures against these policies. China’s foreign trade management systems include a pre-permission system of trade items, a quota system which limits the quantity of trade items and foreign investment regulation, foreign exchange control of regular trade, customs proceeds and duties. From the position of our country we need to consider implementing possible counter measures to those of China. Many Korean companies have opened businesses in China for simple trade or the assembling of parts. China’s customs clearance, however, is very complicated and to clear customs is very time consuming. Customs duties are also higher than in Korea on electronic and other general goods. Therefore this duty must be decreased and custom clearance simplified to enhance trade between the two countries. Korean companies must try to expand investment to other regions in China and not only focus on the eastern coast but also on central or west inland areas. The companies must further change from a simple process trade system of using “cheap labor”, to the sale of high-valued items such as electronic goods or semi-conductors.

[국제무역결제]화환신용장 서류심사에 대한 국제표준은행관행의 실무적용상 문제점에 관한 연구

양의동(Ui-dong Yang) 한국국제상학회 2004 國際商學 Vol.19 No.1

The standard for the examination of documents under documentary credit has been depending on International Standard Banking Practice appeared in UCP 500. There have been many problems in solving the claims of trade in practical field. For settlement of these problems, banking technical, practical committee in I.C.C had made the special task force team in May, 2000, studied for 2 years and 6 month, and established the standard of examination of document In this study, I tried to explain all the paragraphs of ISBP exactly and suggest the method of modification against these problems. Second, I want to compare each paragraph of ISBP with I.C.C opinion, UCP 500 and actual cases and find out problems in applying ISBP to actual cases. Third, I also exert to suggest the method of modification about these problem. Finally, the methods of this study was made by referencing I.C.C opinion, decisions, the relating section of UCP and ISBP. I hope this study would be helpful to the concerning parties in academic and practical field.