6-Aminonicotinamide 투여 후 햄스터 척수의 미세구조 변화

양영철,Yang, Young-Chul 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.3

The effects of antimetabolite, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), on ultrastrudural changes in the spinal cord of golden hamster were investigated. Intraperitoneal administration of 6-AN (10 mg/kg body weight) every two days gave rise to a marked reduction of about $30\sim40%$ in body weight after $26\sim28$ days ($13\sim14th$ injection). In the lesions of the spinal cord, neuroglial cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were severely damaged, but neurons and blood vessels were not affected by 6-AN. The myelin sheath was also affected by 6-AN. Vacuoles observed in the lesions were produced by the swelling and degenerating changes of neuropils and neuroglial cells. Numerous swollen mitochondria and cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the watery cytoplasm of damaged neuroglial cells, but intermediate filaments were well preserved. Especially in the damaged astrocytes, the outer nuclear membrane were partially swollen and formed a halfmoonlike structure. It is suggested that as well as the multivesicular bodies protruding from the swollen dendrites, the conjugation of adjacent vacuoles also participated in the formation of large vacuoles.

6-Aminonicotinamide 투여 후 햄스터 척수 중심관의 형태변화

양영철,조병필,강호석,박인국,Yang, Young-Chul,Cho, Byung-Pil,Kang, Ho-Suck,Park, In-Kook 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.2

Hydrocephalus is induced experimentally in prenatal and suckling animals following an injection of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN). The most remarkable characteristic of these animals is aqueduct stenosis caused by swellings of the ependymal cells and subependymal cells in the periaqueductal gray matter and the central canal of the spinal cord. The present study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes of the ependymal cells in the central canal of the spinal cord of 3.5 months old hamster after treatment with 6-AN. Intraperitoneal administrations of 6-AN (10 mg/kg body weight) every two days gave rise to partial central canal stenosis of the spinal cord after 27-29 days (13-l4th injection), but cilia and microvilli were located in the strictural area of the con#rat canal. The vacuolations in the ependymal cells were not observed and degenerating changes of intracellular organelles of the ependymal cells did not occur, so that the ependymal cells lining the central canal of the hamster spinal cord were not affected by 6-AN. But the present study demonstrate that 6-AN causes to create numerous vacuoles in the subependymal area of the central canal. Although the vacuoles were well developed in the neuroglial cells and the neuropils of the subependymal area, the neurons were not affected by 6-AN. These results strongly suggests that partial central canal stenosis occurred by 6-AN was due to vacuolations and swellings of the neuroglial cells and nueropils in the subependymal area.

교차지원 허용은 확대되어야 한다

양영철,Yang, Yeong-Cheol 한국대학교육협의회 2002 大學敎育 Vol.115 No.-

박쥐 맨아래구역 띠뇌실막세포의 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein에 대한 면역조직화학 및 면역세포화학적 연구

양영철,조병필,강호석,Yang, Young-Chul,Cho, Byung-Pil,Kang, Ho-Suck 한국현미경학회 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.4

뇌실을 감싸는 뇌실막층은 대부분이 일반적인 뇌실막 세포로 이루어졌으나, 이들 세포 사이에 간혹 띠뇌실막 세포(tanycyte)가 분포하고 있다. 띠뇌실막세포는 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 달리 뇌의 실질로 뻗은 매우 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있다. 특히 제3뇌실의 뇌실막층에서 주로 연구된 띠뇌실막세포는 뇌실과 뇌실질의 혈관 혹은 신경세포와의 사이에 물질교환을 담당하는 것으로 추측되고 있으며, 띠뇌실막세포는 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 달리 glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)항체에 대해 양성반응을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 면역조직화학 및 면역금표지법을 이용하여 박쥐 맨아래구역을 감싸는 뇌실막층에서 GFAP 항체에 대해 양성반응을 보이는 세포의 분포여부 및 이의 미세 구조를 확인하고자 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 세로 절단한 절편을 대상으로 GFAP 항체를 이용하여 면역염색한 후 광학현미경으로 확인한 결과 맨아래구역을 감싸는 뇌실막층에 GFAP 양성반응을 보이는 세포가 관찰되었으며, 특히 맨아래구역의 목부분에서 양성반응 세포가 많이 모여 있었다. GFAP양성반응을 보이는 세포들은 매우 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있었으며, 기저돌기에서도 매우 강한 GFAP 양성반응을 보였다. 세포체에서는 주변부에서 양성반응을 보였다. 전자현미경하에서 맨아래구역 띠뇌실막세포는 주로 ependymal tanycytes였으며, 자유면에 소수의 미세융모 및 세포질돌기가 관찰되었으나, 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 기저부에 특징적으로 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있었으며 이 돌기에는 중간세사 및 세로로 길게 달리는 사립체가 발달되어 있었고, 세포체와 돌기에 지방방울이 산재되어 있었다. 금입자를 표지한 GFAP항체를 사용하여 면역 염색한 후 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 세포체에서 핵을 둘러싸는 중간세사에서 금입자를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 나머지 핵을 비롯한 다른 세포소기관이나 세포질에서는 관찰되지 많았다. 또한 기저돌기에서도 중간세사에서만 금입자를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 본 실험의 결과는 박쥐 맨아래구역 뇌실막층에도 띠뇌실막세포가 존재하고 있으며, 이 세포의 발달된 긴 기저돌기는 띠뇌실막세포가 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 다른 기능을 동면동물인 박쥐의 맨아래구역에서도 수행하고 있음을 암시하고 있으나 이를 확인하기 위해서 더욱 자세한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. There are a few tanycytes between the general ependymal cells lining the ependymal layer of the brain ventricle. These cells are considered as modified ependymal cells which possess a long basal process. Tanycytes are known to have an ability to communicate by absorbing substances from cerebrospinal fluid and transporting them to the blood vessels and/or to the neurons in the CNS. The third and fourth ventricular tanycytes were mainly studied as subjects but it's rare to find reports about the tanycytes of the area postrema. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is an intermediate filament protein that is expressed especially in astrocytes of the CNS. But GFAP is also found in filament of the tanycytes and its process. Therefore this study was carried out for the examination of the GFAP immunoreactive tanycytes lining the area postrema of the bat, and we also examined the ultrastructure of tanycytes using electron microscope. GFAP immunoreactive tanycytes were located in the caudal portion of the fourth ventricle, and especially mainly in the transitional zone between the floor of the caudal fourth ventricle and ependymal layer lining the area postrema. A few GFAP immunoreactive tanycytes were also found in the ependymal layer lining the area postrema, and some groups of tanycytes were found in the ependymal layer of the area postrema near the floor of the caudal fourth ventricle , The processes of tanycytes were stained deeply with anti-GFAP antibody. Especially the GFAP immunoreactive tanycytes lining the area postrema had very long processes that cross the whole width of the area postrema. In the electron microscope, the cell body of ependymal tanycyte was located on the ependymal layer and had a long basal process. Intermediate filaments were observed around the nucleus and well developed in the process of tanycrte. Longitudinal oriented long mitochondria and a few lipid droplets were also found in this process. After immunocytocheical staining, the gold particles were found only in the intermediate filaments. We could not determine the function of the tanycytes in the area postrema. Thus, further investigation is required to determine the functional relationship between the tanycytes and the area postrema in hibernating animal, the bat.

연결형 산업단지(CIPs): 한국의 스마트공장 구축을 위한 연결형 산업단지 아키텍처

양영철,정종필,Yang, Young-Chuel,Jeong, Jongpil 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2018 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.18 No.4

한국에서 지난 50여년간 산업단지는 국가주력산업의 집적지로 경제성장에 있어 중요한 역할을 담당하였으나 이러한 노후산업단지가 가지고 있는 다양한 문제점으로 인하여 경쟁력 약화 요인으로 작용하고 있다 산업단지 유형 특성별 발전계획, 관리계획, 지원계획 등으로 구분하여 융복합 첨단산업단지로의 관리 육성을 위한 모델로 전환될 필요가 있다 이를 위하여 IoT를 기반으로 하는 클라우드 컴퓨팅, RFID, WSN, CPS, 빅데이터 분석 등의 신기술을 활용한 CIPs(Connected-Industrial parks)를 제안한다 이것은 각 CIP가 연결되어 확장된 개념으로서 물리적 자산을 소유, 운용하면서 운송, 창고, 제조 영역에서 다양한 서비스를 지원하는 허브라고 할 수 있다 이러한 CIPs를 통해서 네트워크형 협업 제조가 가능하고 지능형 물류 혁신으로 원가 절감, 납기단축, 품질향상 등을 달성하여 국가경쟁력의 혁신을 이룰 수 있을 것이다. In Korea, for the past 50 years, industrial parks have played an important role in economic growth as a cluster of national key industries. However, due to various problems of these old industrial parks, they are weakening competitiveness. It is necessary to be converted into a model for the management and fostering of high-tech industrial complex park by classifying them into development plans, management plans, and support plans according to types and characteristics of industrial parks. For this purpose, we propose CIPs (Connected-Industrial parks) using new technologies such as Cloud Computing, RFID, WSN, CPS, and Big Data analysis based on IoT. It is a hub that supports various services in transportation, warehousing and manufacturing fields while possessing and operating physical assets as concept. each CIP (Connected-Industrial park) is connected and expanded Through such CIPs, network-type collaborative manufacturing and intelligent logistics innovation enables cost reduction, delivery shortening, quality improvement.

트래킹 쇼트의 창조적 사용

양영철(Yang Young Chul) 한국영화학회 2005 영화연구 Vol.0 No.27

The filmic term 'tracking shot' is fundamentally close to 'long take shot' rather than 'montage'. Tracking could avoid the drawbacks of montage that often analytically destructs the being and of long take that might proceed the stationary reticence. Tracking shot is not a new terminology anymore. it is frequently used in contemporary film industry with highly advanced film technology such as many kinds of crane systems like Techno cane and MCC. Filmmakers are the people who obsessively modulate their styles to create their own visions. As Gombrich has observed, sometimes new and improved style are the results from pure artistic passion that satisfies themselves who overpass his colleagues. Tracing shot is completed while the camera is running so that there is no editing point. Since that reason, editor doesn't have many options to manipulate his creativeness. While the tendency of fixed long take might increase ambiguity, tracking shot is firmly narrow down focus into its subject so the audience doesn't have to time to be interrupted by 'decoupage in shot'. In reality, today's commercial film industry largely endorses its power to production company and producers. Only few commercially verified director's allowed to express their unique insights. Filmmaking is traditionally processed on its routine regulations and so does film styles. The creative camera movements have to be included in the filmic continuity terms to persue the ultimate film's goal; Sature. In commercial film world, Seamless editing which hides camera cutting point, shot/reverse shot, and fluid camera movements are the fundamentals of modem filmmaking theory and practice. That doesn't mean that only contemporary films have privileged style. A long pending controversial issue between modernism and realism will fade into vanished age if you see the film as sature. Cutting-edge editing technique juxtaposed with 'deep depth of field' could unveil the deep thoughts. Long take is not the best tool to grab audience's gaze. However there is optional stylistic differences between european movies that contains more 'mis-en-scene' than hollywood mainstream. As Comolli suggested, this has to be interpreted as tendencies of film or follow of style rather than ideologic distinction.

제주도지역의 기후적특성을 고려한 해양레포츠 활성화방안

양영철(Young-Chel Yang),하해동(Hae-Dong Ha) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005 한국마린엔지니어링학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

압박에 의한 말초신경 손상 후 β-catenin 과 PCNA, Substance P 의 변화에 관한 실험적 연구

양영철(Young-Churl Yang),이승재(Seung-Jae Lee),홍관희(Kwan-Hee Hong) 대한체질인류학회 2001 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.14 No.1

간추림 실험적으로 흰쥐의 궁둥신경을 압박한 후 시간경과에 따라 역행성 변성에 의해 일어나는 몸쪽 신경의 말이집과 축삭의 미세구조적인 변화와 연역조직화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 실험동물은 Sprague Dawley 계 흰쥐를 사용하여 신경압박을 주지 않고 수술만 시행한 대조군과 수술을 하여 신경압박을 준 실험군으로 구분하였다. 실험군은 궁둥신경 1 시간 압박문 (이하 1C 군), 2 시간 압박군 (야하 2C 문 ), 3시간 압박군(이하 3C 군) 과 1 시간 압박 후 해제 1일군 (이하 IC1R), 1시간 압박 후 해제 3 일문 (이하 IC3R), 2 시간 압박 후 해제 1 일문 (이하 2CIR),2 시간 압박 후 해제 3 일군 (이하 2C3R), 3 시간 압박 후 해제 l 일군 (이하 3CIR), 3시간 압박 후 해제 3 일군 (이하 3C3R) 으로 구분하여 각 군당 10 마리씩을 배정하였으며 시간경과 후 압박부위로부터 몸쪽 말초신경의 말아정과 말이집, 축삭에 발생한 β-catenin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (이하PCNA), substance P 의 변화와 전자현미정적인 변화를 관찰하였다. 일시적으로 궁둥신경을 압박하면 H&E 소견상 압박 초기의 옴쭉 신경병변은 축삭이 소설되었다가 회복되지만 압박기간이 걸어지면 신경성유는 심각한 손상을 나타내서 회복되지 않았다. 몸쪽 신경은 시간경과에 따라서 축삭의 소설과 β-catenin 반응의 소설과 말이집세포의 핵내 PCNA 반응이 증가하였으며 신경섬유는 커지면서 종창되였다. 압박을 해제한 후 일부 신경섬유들은 회복되고, substance P 의 반응이 냐다나, p-catenin 반응은 신경섬유의 손상이 있더라도 반응은 회복되어 민말이집형성의 회복에 중요한 역할을 하였다 이세구조적으로는 궁둥신경을 임시적으로 압박하면 몸쪽 신경에 민말이집형성, 말이집층판의 분리, 말이집세포의 공포와 변성, 축삭내 미세판의 수와 지름의 증가가 나타났으며, 압박을 해제하면 말이집세포의 발달로 신경섬유들이 회복되고 축삭내에는 사립체들과 확장된 미세관내로 운반해온 과립들이 관찰되었다.

사이버 공간과 검열의 문제

양영철 ( Young Chul Yang ) 한국영화교육학회 2004 영화교육연구 Vol.6 No.-

우리영화 심의제도에 대한 논의

양영철(Yang Young Chul) 한국영화학회 2008 영화연구 Vol.0 No.37

The purpose of this essay is to investigate whether or not the Film Rating system in Korea is violating the constitutional Freedom of Expression. We also can have a doubt if our system be the best choice or not. Freedom of Expression should be applied to movies even though they are a form of entertainment and a kind of industry. If Freedom of Expression which our Constitution guarantees is applied fully on movies, our rating system, which has the power to limit the possibility of showing of certain films, is unconstitutional. First of all, under our rating system, certain films are limited of the possibility to be showed to the mass. Films of grade R(Restricted Permission-not the same as R of the American rating system) only can be showed at Restricted Film theatres and there we have only a few of them. It means that the current Motion Picture Act of Korea authorizes the Rating Board to decide Whether or not a grown up person can watch a certain movie and it's explicitly unconstitutional. Some proposals can be given to improve our current movie rating system. The board should classify only the movies which they are able to. And any movies which contravene any current criminal act should be punished by the court through criminal and administrative process. The Board should not decide whether a movie violates existing law beforehand. Conclusionally the current rating board under the control of government need to be abolished and a voluntary movie rating system be introduced. Of course the new system might have some potential problems. Major companies can possibly handle the rating board on their part. So in this essay, I cannot get to any final conclusion, but suggest much more discussions in depth in an academic and practical way.