삼백초와 약모밀의 내부형태 비교 연구

양선규 ( Sungyu Yang ),최고야 ( Goya Choi ) 대한본초학회 2018 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

Objectives : Saururus chinensis and Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) are perennial herbs using for medicinal purposes in Korea. The objectives of this study are to compare anatomical key characters between two medicinal plants and to provide fundamental information for the identification of two herbal medicines by using anatomical features. Methods : Cross-sections of root, rhizome, stem, petiole, and leaf for each species were observed in this study. Materials were analyzed through dehydration, paraffin embedding and micro-sectioning, and double staining with Safranin O and Fast-Green FCF. Observations of permanent preparation were conducted using light microscope. Results : S. chinensis and H. cordata were distinguished with anatomical differentiations; Idioblasts with essential oil were scattered in the parenchyma cell of cortex, pith, and phloem of S. chinensis , on the other hand, in H. cordata , idioblasts were distributed ring-shaped in the cortex of the root. S. chinensis had two cycles of vascular bundles in the stem while H. cordata had one cycle. Hypodermis layer was conspicuous in a stem of H. cordata , crystals were observed the only parenchyma in a stem of S. chinensis , and epidermal oil cells were developed in the epidermis of H. cordata . S. chinensis had air cavity at the cortex and pith of the stem. The shape of cross-section was polygonal in the stem of S. chinensis and was circular in the stem of H. cordata . Conclusions : We investigated anatomical study of Korean S. chinensis and H. cordata. To identify two herbal medicines, we considered main anatomical features and provided identification key here.

범용성 DNA 바코드(matK, rbc L) 분석을 통한 독활(獨活) 유전자 감별용 Marker Nucleotide 발굴

김욱진 ( Wook Jin Kim ),양선규 ( Sungyu Yang ),최고야 ( Goya Choi ),문병철 ( Byeong Cheol Moon ) 대한본초학회 2016 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

Objectives : Araliae Continentalis Radix and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix have been used as the same medicinal name Korean and Chinese traditional medicines, respectively. The authentic Araliae Continentalis Radix is described only the root of Aralia continentalis in the Korean Pharmarcopoeia. However, the dried root of Angelica biserrata, Levisticum officinale , or Heracleum moellendorffii also has been distributed adulterants of Araliae Continentalis Radix. To develop a reliable method for identifying Araliae Continentalis Radix from adulterants, we carried out the analyses of universal DNA barcode sequences. Methods : Four plants species were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of mat K and rbcL were analyzed. The species-specific sequences and phylogenetic relationship were estimated using entire sequences of two DNA barcodes, respectively. Results : In comparative analysis of matK sequences, we were identified 104 positions of marker nucleotide for Ar. continentalis, 3 for An. biserrata , 4 for L. officinale and 8 for H. moellendorffii enough to distinguish individual species, respectively. Furthermore, we obtained marker nucleotides in rbc L at 42 positions for Ar. continentalis, 5 for An. biserrata and 2 for H. moellendorffii, but not for L. officinale . The phylogenetic tree of matK and rbcL were showed that all samples were clustered into four groups constituting homogeneous clades within the species. Conclusions : We confirmed that species-specific marker nucleotides of mat K sequence provides distinct genetic information enough to identify four species. Therefore, we suggest that mat K gene is useful DNA barcode for discriminating authentic Araliae Continentalis Radix from inauthentic adulterants.

분류학적 개념을 기반으로 한 동북아 5개국 공정서 미나리과(산형과) 기원종 비교 연구

송준호 ( Jun-ho Song ),양선규 ( Sungyu Yang ),김홍빈 ( Hong Bin Kim ),최고야 ( Goya Choi ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

Objectives : Herbal medicines have been used a lot traditionally in Northeast Asia. In particular, various Apiaceae plants (Umbelliferae) are widely used for medicinal purposes among countries. However, the original species designated in each pharmacopoeia standards, are sometimes different and confuse. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for Apiaceae taxa to compare the taxonomic identity and different taxonomic opinions for each country based on their local flora and recent taxonomic studies. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines were analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, People’s Republic of China, Taiwan, and Japan. Especially, we compared their local floras, international plant scientific name database, and recently published taxonomic studies to confirm the correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed apiaceous herbal medicines in pharmacopoeias were all 21 items and 39 taxa; the highest percentage, genus Angelica (21%) and roots including rhizomes (62%) the registered genera and medicinal parts, respectively. Eleven items were in all five country's pharmacopoeias. Four items were in more than two countries' pharmacopoeias. Six items were registered in only one pharmacopoeia. Conclusions : Our research provides necessary information, e.g., corrected scientific names of original species based on taxonomic species concepts, taxonomic reviews, and figures of medicines. These results will help in the understanding of the apiaceous taxa among the five countries' pharmacopoeias. Moreover, these extensive nomenclatural reviews of authentic apiaceous taxa will help for the next revision of Korea Pharmacopoeia.

외부 및 미세형태 비교를 통한 견우자(牽牛子) 기원종 및 동속이종(同屬異種) 감별

송준호 ( Jun-ho Song ),양선규 ( Sungyu Yang ),최고야 ( Goya Choi ),문병철 ( Byeong Cheol Moon ) 대한본초학회 2018 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

Objectives : Pharbitidis Semen, the seeds of Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth or I. purpurea (L.) Roth, is well-known traditional herbal medicine in Korea. But it is often marketed as a different seed or mixtures of its closely related species. Thus, the present study aims to provide external and micromorphological characters and identification key by using stereoscope (ST) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for discriminating authentic of Pharbitidis Semen. Methods : A discrimination on external morphological characteristics of sepals, fruits, seeds, and hilum, testa cell micromorphology in the original plants and its congeneric species was carried out using digital calipers, ST, and SEM. Results : Number of valves (degree of apex of each valve), number of seeds per locule, hairy in capsules and size, luster, density of hairy, hilum shape in seeds and shape of cell, anticlinal, periclinal wall in testa may have high discriminative value. The seeds of Ipomoea nil as an original plant of Pharbitidis Semen were distinguished from other species by the relative larger in size, ovoid-trigonous in shape, mostly flabellate or triangular to trapezoid in outline (c.s.), dull, and puberulent in surface and thicken anticlinal wall. Conclusions : On the basis of the results, an identification key of Pharbitidis Semen and closely related species is provided. Our observations suggest that the combination of morphological characters and other studied results could be helpful in the successfully identified authentic herbal medicines. Moreover, micromorphological characters using SEM could be useful for discriminating authentic medicines.

탐진강 하구역 일대(강진군)의 관속식물상

장현도,임효선,한세희,오아미,오병운,양선규,Jang, Hyun-Do,Leem, Hyosun,Han, Seahee,Oh, Ami,Oh, Byoung-Un,Yang, Sungyu 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

In order to provide fundamental information about the floristic composition of the area along with an assessment of the environmental impact, a floristic study of the vascular plants in the Tamjin River estuary in Gangjin-gun was conducted for a total of nine days, in the period from June 2014 to September 2014. We found that the vascular plants in this region comprised 424 taxa belong to 102 families, 281 genera, 390 species, 5 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 3 forma. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor (Nakai) Nakai, and Clematis trichotoma Nakai were collected. Two least concern (LC) taxa of rare plants (as designated by the Korea Forest Service) were collected: Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Ten the floristic regional indicator taxa from the third to the fifth grade were identified: two taxa belonged to grade IV, and eight taxa belonged to grade III. Twenty-four taxa of salt-tolerant plants, including Artemisia fukudo Makino, Carex rugulosa Kuk., and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, as well as 44 taxa of aquatic plants, including Najas marina L., Nuphar oguraensis Miki, and Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, were investigated in this region. Fifty-nine taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, among which the following six taxa were plants that caused ecosystem disturbance: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., Lactuca scariola L., Rumex acetosella L., Solidago altissima L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom.

matK 증폭용 primer 개발 및 염기서열 분석을 통한 정력자(葶藶子) 유전자 감별

문병철 ( Byeong Cheol Moon ),김욱진 ( Wook Jin Kim ),양선규 ( Sungyu Yang ),박인규 ( Inkyu Park ),여상민 ( Sang Min Yeo ),노푸름 ( Pureum Noh ) 대한본초학회 2018 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

Objectives : Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen has been frequently adulterated with the seeds of several inauthentic plant species. However, the accurate identification of these plant seeds is very difficult. To develop a reliable genetic authentication tool for Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen, we analyzed mat K sequence. Methods : To obtain the mat K sequences of plant materials, genomic DNA was extracted from 24 samples and PCR amplification was carried out using matK-AF/matK-8R universal primer set and matK-LDSF/matK-LDSR primer set. For identifying species-specific nucleotides and phylogenetic analysis, matK regions were sequenced and comparatively analyzed by the ClustalW and Maximum Likelihood method. Results : We developed a new primer set to amplify matK region in Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen and closely related plant samples. From the comparative analysis of mat K sequences, we identified species-specific marker nucleotides for D. sophia, L. apetalum, L. latifolium, E. cheiranthoides, E. macilentum, and D. nemorosa, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed clear classification depending on the species. These results indicated that the matK sequence obtained a new primer set in this study was useful to identify Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen in species level. Conclusions : We developed a primer set and identified species-specific marker nucleotides enough to distinguish authentic Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen and adulterants at the species level based on the matK sequences. These genetic tool will be useful to prevent adulteration and to standardize the quality of Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen.

통초(通草), 목통(木通) 신속 감별용 ITS 염기서열 기반 SCAR 마커 및 Multiplex-SCAR 분석법 개발

노푸름 ( Pureum Noh ),김욱진 ( Wook Jin Kim ),박인규 ( Inkyu Park ),양선규 ( Sungyu Yang ),최고야 ( Goya Choi ),문병철 ( Byeong Cheol Moon ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

Objectives : Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis are one of the most frequently adulterated herbal medicines because of their confusability of terms in the ancient writings and the similarity of morphological features of dried herbal products. The major adulterant is Aristolochia manshuriensis (Guanmutong) which has a serious safety concern with its toxicity. To ensure the safety and quality of the two herbal medicines, it is necessary to discriminate the toxic adulterant from authentic species. The aim of this study is to develop SCAR markers and to establish the multiplex-SCAR assay for discrimination of four plant species related to Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis. Methods : ITS regions of fifteen samples of four species (Tetrapanax papyrifer , Fatsia japonica , Aristolochia manshuriensis, and Akebia quinata ) collected from different sites were amplified and sequenced. Fifteen obtained ITS sequences were aligned and analysed for the detection of species-specific sequence variations. The SCAR markers were designed based on the sequence alignments and then, multiplex-SCAR assay enhancing rapidity was optimized. Results : ITS sequences clearly distinguished the four species at the species level. The developed SCAR markers and multiplex-SCAR assay were successfully discriminated four species and detected the adulteration of commercial product samples by comparison of the amplified DNA fragment sizes. Conclusions : These SCAR markers and multiplex-SCAR assay are a rapid, simple, and reliable method to identify the authentic Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis from adulterants. These genetic tools will be useful to ensure the safety and to standardize the quality of the two herbal medicines.

왕우렁이 추출물의 역류성 식도염 억제 효과

남현화 ( Nam Hyeon Hwa ),류승목 ( Ryu Seung Mok ),양선규 ( Yang Sungyu ),김욱진 ( Kim Wook Jin ),문병철 ( Moon Byung Cheol ),서윤수 ( Seo Yun-soo ) 한국유기농업학회 2021 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.29 No.1

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastrointestinal disease observed at all ages, which seriously affects the quality of life. In this study, we investigated the antiinflammatory effects of Pomacea canaliculata extract (PCE) using the experimental RE rat model. RE was induced by a surgical procedure. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group, RE group, PCE group (RE treated with PCE, 100 mg/kg), positive control group (RE treated with ranitidine, 40 mg/kg). We performed the histological examination and measured the expression of tight junction complex and inflammatory mediators using western blot analysis. The phenotypes of RE were attenuated by PCE treatment. PCE administration significantly reduced esophageal mucosal damage and protected tight junction confirmed by claudin-5. Furthermore, PCE treatment reduced inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α. PCE treatment, also, reduced translocation of NF-κB into nuclear and IκB-α phosphorylation at the same time. Our findings indicate that PCE has the potential as a novel therapeutic agent to inhibit RE by protecting mucosal damage and regulating inflammatory reactions mediated by NF-κB signaling.