고체상미량분석법(SPME-GC/FID)에서 실험계획법을 이용한 연료첨가제 미량분석의 최적조건

안상우,이시진,장순웅,An, Sang-Woo,Lee, Si-Jin,Chang, Soon-Woong 한국지하수토양환경학회 2010 지하수토양환경 Vol.15 No.1

In this study, Solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) with Gas Chromatograph using Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID) was studied as a possible alternative to liquid-liquid extraction for the analysis of Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and Tertiary-butyl ether (TBA) in water and an optimization condition of trace analysis of MTBE and TBA using the design of experiment (DOE) was described. The aim of our research was to apply experimental design methodology in the optimization condition of trace analysis of fuel oxygenated compounds in soil-phase microextraction with GC/FID. The reactions of SPME were mathematically described as a function of parameters of Temp ($X_1$), Volume ($X_2$), Time ($X_3$) and Salt ($X_4$) being modeled by the use of the partial factorial designs, which was used for fitting 2nd order response surface models and was alternative to central composite designs. The model predicted agreed with the experimentally observed result ($Y_1$(MTBE, $R^2$ = 0.96, $Y_2$ (TBA, $R^2$ = 0.98)). The estimated ridge of the expected maximum responses and optimal conditions for MTBE and TBA were 278.13 and (Temp ($X_1$) = $48.40^{\circ}C$, Volume ($X_2$) = 73.04 mL, Time ($X_3$) = 11.51 min and Salt ($X_4$) = 12,50 mg/L), and 127.89 and (Temp ($X_1$) = $52.12^{\circ}C$, Volume ($X_2$) = 88.88mL, Time ($X_3$) = 65.40 min and Salt ($X_4$) = 12,50 mg/L), respectively.

약물주입(藥物注入)의 기법적(技法的) 시원(始源)에 대한 소고(小考)

안상우,An, Sang-U 대한약침학회 1997 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.1 No.1

YAKCHIM is a clinical research of korean O.M.D's in the 1960's, and it was activated by experimental research and organization of the association after 1980. YAKCHIM in Korea is a new technical therapy that used the efficacy of traditional herb and the stimulation of meridian at points by needles. In order to search the original form of YAKCHIM and the significance of development in therapeutic methodology, reger to various documents. The results were obtained as follow : 1. The form of injection in YAKCHIM is a developed form of a aspirator which trace the cupping therapy(附缸) to its origin. 2. The injection techniques that used extracts of oriental herb can be found out original methodology in Bee-acupuncture(蜂針) and snake teeth etc. that have been used in far-eastern area from long time ago. 3. YAKCHIM in Korea is a developed form of techniques which was combined with the meridian theory, in consequence, it is difference with an injection syringe which only used to injection in modern medicine.

동종요법의 기본원리와 사상체질의학의 비교연구

안상우,조황성,An, Sang-Woo,Cho, Hwang-Sung 사상체질의학회 1996 사상체질의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

동종요법은 1796년 독일인 의사인 S. 하네만에 의해 제창된, 서양의 현대의학과는 다른, 서양의 전통의학이며, 기본 이념은 유기체 내의 자연치유력의 존재를 전제로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 동종요법 기본이론을 서술하고 이에 상당하는 한의학의 기본원리를 비교 고찰함으로써 차후 여러 가지 종류의 자연요법연구에 기초자료를 제공하고, 하네만의 동종요법과 거의 비슷한 연대에 제창된 동무 이제마의 체질의학이 심신(心身), 즉 정신적 상태와 육체적 질병과의 상호 관계성을 언급한 질병관, 약제의 운용정신 등등의 여러 측면에서 그 유사점과 차이점을 비교 고찰하고자 하였다. 1. 동종요법은 생기론(生氣論)과 기계론(機械論)이라는 대립되는 학문적 전승구조로 부터 잉태된 전일의학으로서 서구 현대의학의 골간을 이루는 뉴튼물리학의 기계론적 패러다임과 상위(相違)되며, 그 이론적 성립과 성장배경에서 직 간접적으로 동양학문의 상적 배경과 한의학 이론이 변용된 상태로 흡수된 자연의학(自然醫學)의 일종이다. 2. 동종요법 약제체질론은 약제반응에 따라 질병증상과 개인의 체질적 특성을 직접 일대일 대응시킨 소략한 체질론으로 규율성을 갖춘 체계가 부족하나 심신상관론(心身相關論), 선천적인 체질결정론 등의 기본이론이 사상체질론과 동일하며, 단일 약물에 대한 세심한 개인특성의 연구는 중경입법과 사상의학의 정신에 부합된다고 할 수 있다. 3. 동종요법은 병증의 변화를 체질화하여 선택적 친화성에 따른 약제별로 다양한 유형으로 구분하고, 이에 비하여 사상의학은 병증의 변화를 자신의 체질적 조건하에서 발생하는 체질병증으로 설명하고 있어 차이가 있다. Homoeopathy was established in 1796 by German physician Samuel Hahnemann(1755~1843). This method is an alternative form of therapy involving treatment by natural remedies. The basic principles of homeopathic medicine, "Similia similibus curantur", "experimenta in hominesano", "doses minimae" and "unitas remedii", are founded upon the idea of illness as a disorder of the internal equilibrium at the physical, mental and psychic levels. The three distinguishing characteristics of homeopathy are that remedies are prescribed on the totality of a person's symptoms, that the remedy likely to cure a person is a dilution of that remedies are prepared using microdoses of substances which are diluted and then vigorously shaken. This paper describes the basic principled of homeopathy and compared with the Sa-sang constitutional Medicine from the literature. 1. Homeopathy is the holistic medicine that derived from the competition of vitalism and mechanism, and it is the one of natural medicine that absorbed the influence of asian scholarship and theoretical background of oriental medicine. 2. Homeopathic remedy typologies and Sa-sang constitutional Medicine are same in the mind-body correlativity and in-born typologies. 3. In homeopathy, constitutional types are distinguished the variable types with variety of symptoms by the remedy picture, but comparably in Sa-sang constitutional medicine, it is determined only by the constitutional symptoms.

동종요법의 기본원리에 대한 한의학적 고찰

안상우,신용철,An, Sang-Woo,Shin, Yong-Cheol 한국한의학연구원 1995 한국 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Homoeopathy ws established in 1796 by German phsician Samuel Hahnemann$(1755{\sim}1843)$. This method is an alternative form of therapy involving treatment by natural remedies. The basic principles of homoeopathic medicine, 'similia similibus curentur', 'experimenta in homine sano', 'dose minimae' and 'unitas remedii', are founded upon the idea of illness as a disorder of the internal equilibrium at the physical, mental and psychic levels. The three distinguishing characteristics of homopathy are that remedies are prescribed on the totlity of a person's symptoms, that the remedy likely to cure a person is a dilution of that substance which would cause the same symptoms in a healthy person, and that remedies are prepared using mcirodoses of substances which are diluted and then vigorously shaken. This paper describes the historical background of homeopathy and compared with the basic principles of oriental medicine from the literature.

실험실 규모 Cometabolic Air Sparging 공정 적용 특성 평가 : 토양 내 활성미생물 별 MTBE 분해특성

안상우,이시진,장순웅,An, Sang-Woo,Lee, Si-Jin,Chang, Soon-Woong 한국지하수토양환경학회 2010 지하수토양환경 Vol.15 No.1

Cometabolic air sparging (CAS) is a new and innovative technology that uses air sparging principles but attempts to optimize in situ contaminant degradation by adding a growth substrate to saturated zone. CAS relies on the degradation of the primary growth substrate and cometabolic substrate transformation in the saturated zone and in the vadose zone for volatilized contaminants. In this study, we have investigated to determine MTBE degradation pattern and microbial activity variation if using propane as a primary substrate at the condition of considering air injection rate and air injection pattern. Laboratory-scale two-dimentional aquifer physical model studies were used and the experimental results were represented that the optimal conditions were as air injection rate of 1,000 mL/min and pulsed air injection pattern (15 min on/off). Over 1,000 mL/min air injection rate and continuous air injection pattern was no affected to increase DO concentration. On the other hand, Injection of propane and propane-utilizing bacteria degraded MTBE partially. And also, injection of propane- and MTBE-utilizing bacteria effectively degraded MTBE and TBA production was observed.

가축 사체 매몰지 침출수 처리를 위한 Fenton 산화공정의 최적조건

안상우,정영철,유지영,민지은,이시진,박재우,An, Sang-Woo,Jeong, Young-Cheol,Yoo, Ji-Young,Min, Jee-Eun,Lee, Si-Jin,Park, Jae-Woo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2013 지하수토양환경 Vol.18 No.1

Outbreak of animal infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza are becoming prevalent worldwide. For prevent the further infection, tremendous numbers of the infected or culled stocks are buried around farm. This burial method can generate a wide range of detrimental components such as leachate, nutrient, salt, and pathogenic bacteria, consequently. In this study, for the stabilization of livestock carcasses leachate, advanced oxidation processes utilizing the Fenton reaction was investigated in lab-scale experiments for the treatment for $COD_{Cr}$ of livestock carcass leachate. $COD_{Cr}$ reduction by the Fenton oxidation was investigated response surface methodology using the Box-Begnken methods were applied to the experimental results. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of the independent variables of pH ($x_1$), dosage of $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ ($x_2$) and dosage of $H_2O_2$ ($x_3$) on the dependent variables $COD_{Cr}$ concentration ($y_1$). A 1 M NaOH and $H_2SO_4$ was using for pH control, $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ was used as iron catalyst and NaOH was used for Fenton reaction. The optimal conditions for Fenton oxidation process were determined: pH, dosage of $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ and dosage of $H_2O_2$ were 3, 0.6 g (0.0151 M) and 7 mL(0.259 M), respectively. Statistical results showed the order of significance of the independent variables to be pH > initial concentration of ferrous ion > initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

APID공정 내 공정진단을 위한 dynamic $\bar{x}$-R 관리도의 적용

안상우,곽성근,정영욱,정무근,박재우,An, Sang-Woo,Kwak, Sung-Keun,Jung, Young-Wook,Chung, Mu-Keun,Park, Jae-Woo 한국물환경학회 2009 한국물환경학회지 Vol.25 No.5

Advanced Phase Isolation Ditch (APID) process was studied to develop economic retrofitting technology, for the plants where retrofitting of common activated sludge process is required. In this study, to evaluate and monitor the effluent water quality ($BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P) and operating conditions (Influent, SVI, SRT, and HRT) as process capable and stable parameters for treating municipal wastewater, a demonstration plant was installed and operated in the existing sewage treatment plant of P city. During this study, the average effluent $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations were 7.7, 5.6, 10.8, and 1.6 mg/L. Trend analysis of influent $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P in APID process were illustrated that APID process need for more strong APID process management on the winter session, such as developing new intermediated aeration mode, operating methods, and managements strategy. At the application of control chart, the signal of uncommon effects at APID process was determined much higher existing control chart tntr conventional control chart in this study. These results indicate that conventional control chart has been collected and determined cleary signal at only stable situation. Therefore, newly developed APID process of dynamic control chart can be one of the useful tool for monitoring and management process.

Hydroxyapatite 첨가 활성탄을 이용한 Cd의 동역학적 흡착과 흡착평형에 관한 연구

안상우(An Sangwoo),최재영(Choi Jaeyoung),박재우(Park Jaewoo) 한국지반환경공학회 2010 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 hydroxyapatite(HAP) 첨가 활성탄(HAP sorbent)의 카드뮴에 대한 흡착특성을 조사하였다. HAP 첨가량의 변화에 따른 카드뮴의 제거특성은 HAP 첨가량이 증가 할수록 카드뮴의 제거량은 흡착에 의한 영향으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 HAP에 의한 이온교환능력의 증가에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 동역학적 흡착과 흡착평형에 관한 연구는 연속적인 회분식 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 조사된 흡착평형 데이터는 Langmuir와 Freundlich isotherm mode을 사용하여 살펴보았으며, 초기 흡착질의 농도 변화에 따른 HAP 첨가 활성탄의 카드뮴의 흡착은 Freundlich isotherm model에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. Cd의 흡착반응의 동역학적 연구를 위하여 유사 1차 반응속도와 유사 2차 반응속도 모델을 사용하 Cd 흡착반응의 흡착 메커니즘을 조사하였다. 유사 2차 반응속도를 따르며, 유사 2차 반응속도 상수는 활성탄에 HAP의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, intraparticle diffusion model을 사용하여 수용액상의 흡착질과 흡착매질과의 흡착 메커니즘을 조사하였다. 수용액상 카드뮴의 흡착메커니즘은 흡착질과 흡착매질에서 표면흡착반응과 입자내 확산이 동시에 일어나는 것으로 확인되었다. Cadmium (Cd) adsorption by the activated carbon containing hydroxyapatite (HAP) was investigated. Cd adsorption with different HAP mass ranged from 10% to 30%. With more HAP, more Cd was adsorbed. These results suggest that the higher HAP dose causes an increase of the ion exchange potential in HAP sorbent. Kinetics and equilibrium studies were investigated in series of batch adsorption experiments. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fit to the equilibrium data and Cd adsorption on HAP sorbent were found to follow the Freundlich isotherm model well in the initial adsorbate concentration range. The simple kinetic model, the pseudo first order kinetic model and the pseudo second order kinetic model, were used to investigate the adsorption. The adsorption reaction of Cd followed the pseudo second order kinetic model, and the adsorption pseudo second order kinetic constants (k₂) increased with increasing initial HAP amounts onto activated carbon. Also, intraparticle diffusion model was used to investigate the adsorption mechanism between adsorbate and adsorbent in the aqueous phase. Surface adsorption reaction and intraparticle diffusion occur simultaneously Cd adsorption mechanism from aqueous phase in this study.

게더타운 UX 디자인 분석을 통한 메타버스 공간 사용성 개선방안 연구

안상우(Sang Woo An),송지성(Ji Sung Song) 한국디자인리서치학회 2023 한국디자인리서치 Vol.8 No.1

게더타운에 개원한 한림대의료원 ‘메타버스 어린이 화상병원’의 상담실 내 서비스 오브젝트에서 나타나는 UX의 특징과 불편함을 조사 및 분석하고 이를 개선하여 디자인을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 진행은 첫째, 게더타운과 메타버스 플랫폼에서의 비대면 진료 서비스를 문헌을 통해 분석하였다. 둘째. ‘메타버스 어린이 화상병원’ 상담실 서비스 오브젝트의 사용성을 테스트를 통해 분석하였다. 셋째, ‘메타버스 어린이 화상병원’의 상담실 내 서비스오브젝트의 UX에 대한 디자인을 제안하고 사용성을 평가하였다. 연구 결과는 수집된 자료를 분석하여 디자인 개발방향의 키워드를 ‘오브젝트 통일성, 오브젝트 연결성, 오브젝트 시인성’으로 도출하였다. 3가지 키워드를 바탕으로 서비스 오브젝트의 배치와 서비스 오브젝트의 그래픽을 디자인하였다. 메타버스 플랫폼을 활용한 비대면 진료에 있어서 상담실의 서비스 오브젝트 외의 문제점들은 후속 연구를 통해 진행될 것이다. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical field has actively attempted non-face-to-face transformations, and the use of the metaverse has attracted attention in this regard. In this study, we investigated and analyzed the user experience (UX) characteristics and inconveniences that appear in the service objects inside a counseling room at the Hallym University Medical Center's Metaverse Children's Burn Hospital, which was launched on the Gathertown metaverse platform. UX improvement of this hospital is expected to benefit other hospitals as well as non-face-to-face treatments that will eventually be launched in the Metaverse. We first analyzed the non-face-to-face treatment services on the Gathertown metaverse platform based on the techniques reported in the literature and using some examples. Second, the usability of the service object in the counseling room was analyzed via tests. Third, a major analysis was conducted on the UX of the service object. Fourth, a UX design of the service object was proposed, and its usability was evaluated. By analyzing the data collected, the design direction was derived based on three keywords: Object connectivity, object unity, object visibility. Based on these keywords, the object placement and graphic design direction were set to improve the UX of the service object within the counseling room. To better utilize the metaverse platform in non-face-to-face treatments, investigation of other service objects will be conducted as a follow-up study.

APID공정 내 공정진단을 위한 dynamic x(-)-R 관리도의 적용

안상우 ( Sang Woo An ),곽성근 ( Sung Keun Kwak ),정영욱 ( Young Wook Jung ),정무근 ( Mu Keun Chung ),박재우 ( Jae Woo Park ) 한국물환경학회 2009 한국물환경학회지 Vol.25 No.5