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혜산산업보건학술상 수상논문 - PVC 여과지에 채취된 6가 크롬의 환원
신용철,Sin, Yong-Cheol 대한산업보건협회 2017 산업보건 Vol.2017 No.-
크롬은 환경 중에서 산화 환원 반응을 일으키며, 0가, 3가 및 6가 크롬 등 다양한 형태로 존재한다. 이 중 6가 크롬은 발암물질로 알려져 있기 때문에, 6가 크롬 종의 산화 환원 상태를 고려하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 6가 크롬은 3가 크롬 상태로 환원될 수 있지만 작업장환경 내에서 이에 대한 구체적인 정보는 미흡하다. 본 연구는 다양한 조건 하에서 시간에 따른 6가 크롬 환원양상을 파악하기 위해 전기도금 조를 설치하여 파일럿 연구를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 6가 크롬이 미스트 형태로 방출된 이후 시간이 경과함에 따라 환원이 발생한다는 증거를 발견할 수 있었다. 미스트 방출 직후 6가 크롬 대 총 크롬의 퍼센트 비율(95% 신뢰구간)은 거의 100%(99.1~102.3%)에 달했으나, 1시간 경과 후 87.4%(84.8~89.9%)로, 2시간 경과 후엔 81%(78.3~83.5%)까지 환원됐다. PVC 여과지에 채취된 6가 크롬의 경우 시료채취 이후 시간이 경과함에 따라 환원이 진행됐다. 시료채취 후 2시간이 경과한 후 6가 크롬은 90.8%(88.2~93.3%)까지 환원되었으며, 또한 공기 중에 보관한 시료에서 6가 크롬의 환원이 가장 많이 진행되었다. 이에 따라, 6가 크롬 공기시료 보관 시 환원방지를 위한 각별한 주의가 요구된다. Chromium exists at various valences, including elemental, trivalent, and hexavalent chromium, and undergoes reduction-oxidation reactions in the environment. Since hexavalent chromium is known as a human carcinogen, it is most important to evaluate the oxidationreduction characteristics of the hexavalent chromium species. Although hexavalent chromium can be reduced to trivalent state, the detailed information on this in workplace environments is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate hexavalent chromium reduction in time in various conditions. A pilot chrome plating operation was prepared and operated in a laboratory for this study. There was evidence that the hexavalent chromium was reduced by time after mist generation. The percentage ratio (with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses) of hexavalent chromium to total chromium was almost 100% (99.1 ; 102.3) immediately after mist generation, and was reduced to 87.4% (84.8 ; 89.9) at 1 hour and 81.0% (78.3 ; 83.5) at 2 hours, respectively. Another test indicated that hexavalent chromium collected on PVC filters was also reduced by time after sampling. Hexavalent chromium was reduced to 90.8% (88.2 ; 93.3) at 2 hours after sampling. It also was found that hexavalent chromium was reduced during storage in air. It is recommended that air samples of hexavalent chromium be protected against reduction during storage.
신룡철교수정년기념특집호 : 논문 ; 이탁오(1527-1602)의 경세사상
신용철 ( Sin Yong Cheol ) 명청사학회 2003 명청사연구 Vol.18 No.1
Li, Zhuo-wu(1527-1602) was a great scholar and philosopher of Ming(明) dynasty in the 16th. century. He was interested in knowledge and thought that it should be helpful in managing the country. This unique and powerful assertion of him is frequently found in his famous books such as Chu-tan chi(初潭集), Fen-shu(焚書), Zhang-shu(藏書), etc. Philosophically, he denied Neo Confucianism(性理學) in Sung(宋) dynasty. Neo Confucianist as Zhu, Xi(朱熹1130-1200) considered ethics such as human morality and justice more important than the capacity for accomplishing work and achievements. Li, Zhuo-wu thought highly of the ability to choose competent persons, to realize the appropriate time, to judge the situation, and to regard the present situation as important. That is, he considered these five things as important for politics. Moreover, he praised those who do not follow theories or tracks of the others, but rush with their own aims and ways. Therefore, he admired the ability and achievements of The First emperor of Chin dynasty(秦始皇帝), Li, Ssu(李斯), a famous politician in Chin, and the empress Wu(則天武后) of Dang(唐) dynasty. Also, Li, Zhuo-wu denied firmly the assertion of Dong, Zhong-shu(董仲舒) in Han(漢) dynasty who considered justice and truth(定義明道) more important than profit and achievements. That is, he claimed that human profit and achievements are basic desire and condition for life of human beings. He thought highly of economic policy of Guan, Zhong(管仲), Shang, Yang(商앙), Sang, Hung-yang(桑弘羊) in the ancient China, Wang, An-shi(王安石) in Sung(宋) Dynasty and Zang, Chue-Zeng(張居正) in Ming Dynasty. All of these support quite progressive and eminent economic thought of him. The philosophy of Li Zhuo-wu was greatly affected by the theory of his senior, Wang, Yang-ming(王陽明 1472-1528), which is related to `innate knowledge(良知)` and tells that `knowledge and practice is not separated(知行合一). He valued free individuality and independent thought, which were the base of his political thought. Therefore, he looked up to those who had accomplished political achievements. On the other hand, Li Zhuo-wu supported also human desire and national richness, and praised politicians who carried out the policy which aimed at the wealth of a country. As started above, as to the philosophy of governing, Li, Zhuo-wu was a prominently progressive philosopher as to the statecraft, of the 16th century, Ming Dynasty.