19세기 영국 저작권법 개정 담론에 대한 연구

신동룡(Shin, Dong-Ryong) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2014 江原法學 Vol.43 No.-

19세기 말 영국 ‘왕립저작권위원회’(Royal Copyright Commission, 1876-1878)에서 있었던 저작권 논쟁은 독점적 저작권 폐지 및 로열티 시스템 도입이라는 실천적 대안을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 로열티 시스템 도입 논쟁은 한편으로는 19세기 인쇄기술의 발전과 더불어 확장된 대중문화 시장에서, ‘고가 도서 정책을 통해 기득권을 유지하려던 출판사’와 ‘이들의 길드적 규제에서 벗어나 자유로운 출판을 시도하려던 신흥 출판사’ 간의 대립과, 다른 한편으로는 ‘로열티 시스템을 법제도화한 캐나다’와 ‘자국 작가의 저작권을 보호하려던 영국’과의 저작권 분쟁이 격화된 상황에서 진행되었다. 도입론자들은 주로 자유거래주의, 문화적 민주주의 및 한계효용학파이론을 근거로 로열티 시스템 도입의 정당성을 주장하였다. 이들은 작가는 단지 초판 출간 후 1년 동안 독점적 출판권을 행사할 수 있고, 이후에는 어떠한 출판사라도 작가에게 일정한 로열티를 지급하는 조건으로 자유롭게 출판할 수 있어야 한다고 주장하였다. 반면 반대론자들은 로크의 자연권론, 사회진화론적 자유방임주의와 문화적 엘리트주의에 입각하여, 배타적 저작권의 독점성은 문학작품의 본질상 필연적인 것이며, 국가가 인위적으로 책 가격을 결정하는 것은 공산주의적 기획에 불과한 것이라고 반박하였다. ‘왕립저작권위원회’ 초기에는 도입론자들의 주장이 우세하였으나, 위원회는 결국 독점적 저작권 유지로 결론을 맺는다. 로열티 시스템 도입 논쟁을 살펴보는 것은 저작권법을 단지 실정법적 담론만이 아닌, 폭넓은 담론구성체 속에서 조망할 수 있게 한다는 점에서 중요한 의미가 있다. The debate on the copyright at ‘Royal Copyright Commission (1876-1878)’ in UK was made about an abolition of existing proprietary copyright system and an introduction of a royalty system. This debate came from the three factors: ⑴ the revolution of printing technology and the emergence of mass culture in 19th-century, ⑵ a conflict between major publishers and under-sellers on the ‘Regulation of the Bookseller"s Association’ and the free-trade in books ⑶ a dispute about the Canadian Copyright Act 1875 which allowed Canadian publishers to reprint British works upon payment of appropriate royalty. The proponents of royalty system in Royal Copyright Commission argued on the basis of the principle of free-trade, cultural democracy and the theory of marginal utility. They insisted that an author"s right of publishing must be limited 1 year after the first print, and that every publisher could freely publish the works if they had gave the authors a fixed royalty, such as, 5% royalty of retail price of books. But, the opponents asserted the necessity of proprietary copyright system against royalty scheme on the foundation of Locke"s natural right theory, culutral elitism and the principle of laissez-faire in the light of social-evolutionist. They argued that the proprietary copyright must be retained and they denounced the proponent’s scheme of royal system as the most pernicious communism. The report of commission declared that copyright should continue to be treated by law as a proprietary right, and that it is not expedient to substitute a right to a royalty. This study of the debate on introduction of royalty system in late-19th century gives us a chance to consider the copyright in the broader context and much of discourses.

저작권법에 있어서 2차적 저작권의 사건성 -미학적 표현주의와 신고전파 경제이론을 중심으로-

신동룡 ( Dong Ryong Shin ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2009 法學硏究 Vol.19 No.1

This study aims to analyze the events of derivative rights formation in the copyright law. Since late 19th, the copyright law of many countries have given the derivative rights to the author. Thus the author shall have the exclusive rights to recast, transform, or adapt his work. This rights was the response to a development of the mass culture market. This is a secondary events in the copyright law history, because the derivative rights have an influence to the meaning of `copyright`, `idea-expression dichotomy` and `free use or fair use` as a l`enonce. The formation of the derivative rights ① expands the author`s right to the any transformation of his work, ② changes the meanig of `expression` from the external to the internal, and makes the idea-expression dichotomy vague ③ alters the free use of author`s work into the fair use which restrains many user`s acts. This article explains that those events can be understand through the Benedetto Croce`s Aesthethical Expressionism and the Neoclassical School`s the Economics of Welfare, instead of the Lockean natural right theory and the Romantism which had been a foundation of a copyright law in 18th~middle 19th. This article asserts that we must give up the attempt to distinguish idea from expression ideologically for our profits, because we can not recognize the substantial expression or idea of a work.

북한의 이혼소송과 집단주의 법원리에 대한 내재적 이해-소설『벗』을 중심으로-

신동룡 ( Dong Ryong Shin ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2012 法學硏究 Vol.22 No.3

As we know, the collectivism legal principle is the basis of the social life and the rights-duties system in North Korea. If we want the South & North Korea unification, we must study its meaning in more detail. This article investigates the actual and normative meaning of right, duty and responsibilty within the collectivism legal principle through analyzing the North Korea`s divorce litigation in the view of an internal approach. For this work, this paper uses the novel ``Friend`` written by Bak, Nam-Ryong, who is the most famous writer in North Korea. The marriage and divorce in North Korea have three important characteristics, which are ① the husband and wife as a personality relationship, ② the state as a societal family, ③ the paternalism of state in the respect of Juche`s Legal Theory. A protection of individual personality has a danger to conflict with consolidating of a societal family. The paternalistic intervention of state is necessary to solve this conflict. However, if this conflict could not be solved by interference of state, the individual is able to pursuit his happiness autonomously by himself. In North Korea`s collectivism legal principle, the individual responsibility doesn`t separate strictly from the social responsibility. They are correlated with each other. The individual responsibility tends to restrict when the social responsibility can be acknowledged.

법학전문대학원 교과과정에 대한 연구

신동룡 ( Dong Ryong Shin ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2011 法學硏究 Vol.21 No.2

Every law school will be interested in the bar exam pass rate. And bar exam`s question type will have an effect on the law school`s teaching, instruction, curriculum, and syllabus. In this article, I study on the many law schools` current curriculums and suppose the some advices for the educational policy. If civil law part will be allotted to 100 points in bar exam, criminal law and public law part is expected to allot to 57 points each. Bar exam will estimate the applicant`s practical ability through the case-or quasi-case solution questions, and will be composed of the integrational question type, maybe up to 54% (especially, criminal law part, up to 81%). Many law school`s current curriculum is different from law department`s in 5 aspects. ① They set up 2 or 2∼4 credits system instead of only 3 credits system, ② They have many introductional courses, for example, civil law`s basic theory(2 or 3 credits). ③ They re-make the curriculum which is oriented the claim rights, instead of the Pandecten system in civil law parts. The curriculum oriented the claim right system is apt to cultivate student`s practical ability. Seoul national university law school`s curriculum is the best example in this part. ④ Many law schools instruct students to attend Civil procedural law courses during the first grade. ⑤ They instruct students to take the exercise, integration, practice subjects from the second grade. If every law school wants to prepare bar exam, it has to remake their curriculum which is optimalized to bar exam question making priciples and question types. Although some people argue the necessity of the standard curriculum, each law school must reorganize many subjects on the basis of the horizontal and vertical integration. 1 step (the elementary study): integrational and introductional courses / 2 step (core study): individual-separate courses / 3.1 step (execise study): integrational course which are very difficult and practical / 3.2 step (intensive study): individual courses which are very complicated and theoretical.

번역자료 : 정보권리와 지적자유

신동룡(역)(Dong Ryong Shin),(Julie E . Cohen) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2001 法學硏究 Vol.11 No.1

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Cyberspace 에서의 저작권 보호에 관한 비판적 고찰 - 기술적 보호조치 무력화금지를 중심으로 -

신동룡(Dong Ryong Shin) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2001 法學硏究 Vol.11 No.2

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네트워크효과, 사실적 표준 및 독점금지법에 관한 연구 - 특히 컴퓨터 운용체제 프로그램 시장을 중심으로 -

신동룡 ( Dong Ryong Shin ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2002 法學硏究 Vol.12 No.3

저작권법제도의 정당성에 대한 비판적 고찰: 미하일 바흐친의 대화주의를 중심으로

신동룡 ( Dong Ryong Shin ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2005 法學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

아우구스티누스의 재산권론에 대한 연구

신동룡(Shin, Dong-Ryong) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2019 江原法學 Vol.58 No.-

아우구스티누스는 재산의 본질과 남용, 그리고 공동 소유권과 사적 소유권과 관련하여 서구 법사상사에 중대한 영향을 미쳤다. 그는 영구법적 재산권과 세속법적 재산권을 구별한다. 아우구스티누스에 따르면 인간은 신을 향유하기 위해 영구법적으로 이 세상의 피조물을 사용할 수 있는 권리를 가진다. 하지만 인간은 신이 잠시 그에게 맡긴 것을 점용할 수 있는 자일뿐이다. 재화를 악용하는 사람은 그것을 사용할 권리를 가져서는 안 된다. 재화에 대한 권리는 목적에 적합하게 사용할 수 있는 사람에게 속해야 한다. 그에게 있어 재산권은 사물을 적합하게 사용해야 하는 의무와 결합된다. 또한 영구법적 재산권의 대상은 필수적인 것에 한정된다. 과잉적인 것은 타인의 것이다. 남는 것은 이웃에게 주어야 한다. 이러한 점에서 이웃은 자신에게 필요한 것에 대해 영구법적으로 합당한 점용권이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 영구법적 권리는 도덕적 권리인 반면 세속법적 권리는 현세 국가의 물리적 강제력에 의해 뒷받침되는 실정법적 권리이다. 현세 국가는 사악한 자들의 탐욕을 사적소유권을 통해 인정한다. 세속법적 재산권은 재산을 악용하는 자들이 질서를 유지하고 평화를 달성하기 위해 인정되는 것이다. 영구법은 물리적 구속력이 없기 때문에 구제행위를 강제할 수 없다. 그러나 세속법은 물리적 구속력이 있기 때문에 구제행위를 강제할 수 있다. 국가가 타인의 복리를 위해 사적 소유권을 제한할 수도 있다. 하지만 이것은 반드시 해야 하는 것이라기보다는 국가의 판단에 따라 허용되는 것으로 이해해야 한다. 아우구스티누스에게 있어 현세 국가는 정의를 온전히 실현할 수 없기 때문이다. 12세기 『그라티아누스 교령집(Gratian’s Decretum)』은 사도행전을 인용하면서 자연법에 따라 모든 것은 모든 이에게 속한다고 하면서도, 아우구스티누스를 인용하면서 나의 것과 너의 것을 구별하는 것은 제정된 법의 산물이라고 설명한다. Augustine had a significant impact on western legal theory in relation to the nature and abuse of property, common ownership and private ownership. He distinguished property rights in eternal law from those in temporal law. Everyone has the rights in eternal law to use the creatures to enjoy God. This means that he is able to possess what God has entrusted to him for a while. The abuser of possessions should not have the right to use it. The rights to possessions must belong to a person who can use it for its purpose. In that sense, property rights in eternal law are combined with the obligation to use things properly. They are based on virtue. The rich man should give the poor neighbors more than he needs. Neighbors have a moral right to share them. Property rights in eternal law are moral rights. Property rights ensured by temporal law, on the other hand, are guaranteed by the physical coercion of the saeculum state. The saeculum state recognizes the greed of the wicked through private ownership. Temporal law admits that those who abuse their property could have property rights to maintain saeculum order and achieve peace. Eternal law cannot enforce almsgiving because it is just moral law. However, temporal law can enforce remedies of almsgiving. However, it is to be understood that the temporal state’s limitations on private ownership for the well-being of others are permissible rather than mandatory. The 12th-century Gratian’s Decretum explained that everything belongs to everyone according to natural law. But it also argued in the view of Augustine that we could distinguish between yours and mine according to enacted law.

죄형법정주의의 가능조건에 대한 연구 -푸코의 권력-지식론을 중심으로-

신동룡 ( Dong Ryong Shin ) 연세법학회 2015 연세법학 Vol.26 No.-

This study aims to analyze the precondition of “nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege” in the view of Foucault’s power-knowledge theory. Foucault’ l``enonce is the sign which has not gained its meaning yet. The l``enonce can gain its meaning through an operation of power-knowledge in the discourse space. The principle of “nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege” was based on the representational discourse space and power’s technology on a sign’s representation. In this space, a human being was understood as a reasonable being who can signify an object into a definite language with his reasonal power after observing the object. The theory of psychological coercion of Anselm Feuerbach was that which intended to prevent the human being from committing a crime with legal sign’s representation. In limitation’s discourse space, however, the human being was regarded as a restricted being who had a body, a madness and the otherness. He was not able to represent clearly the object with language which had its own rule. The modern thoughts intended to overcome this inevitable limitation and schemed out a disciplinary power-technology. The principle of “nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege” and the theory of psychological coercion could get their practical condition through this disciplinary power which excluded the otherness and made it the oneness. This study is helpful to understand how the ‘obscence’ as a l``enonce in the clause 243 of Penal Law can have the precondition to get its meaning.