살균제 Tolclofos-methyl의 화학적 처리에 의한 분해

신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),황정인 ( Jung In Hwang ),이상만 ( Sang Man Lee ),신재호 ( Jae Ho Shin ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Tolclofos-methyl is one of the most widely used organophosphorous pesticides in control of soil-borne diseases in ginseng field. In Korea, residues of tolclofosmethyl in ginseng and cultivation soil is quite often detecting. The objective of this study was to know the possibility for the accelerated degradation of tolclofos-methyl by various chemical treatment under soil slurry condition. The degradation of tolclofos-methyl was accelerated by zerovalent metals treatment in soil slurry. The degradation rate of tolclofos-methyl was found to be at higher zerovalent zinc than unannealed zerovalent and annealed zerovalent iron. The effect of different sizes of zerovalent iron on tolclofos-methyl degradation was showed that the smaller size of zerovalent iron, the greater the degradation rate. In aqueous solution of pH 4.0 below the degradation rate of tolclofos-methyl was very high. Under this experimental condition, tolclofos-methyl degradation was the greatest at 2% (w/v) of ZVI under 0.1 N of HCl in 24 hours, the degradation rate was 94.4%. By testing various chemicals, it was found that Fe2(SO4)3 as iron source showed better for degrading tolclofos-methyl in H2O2 500 mM treatment and sodium sulfite also showed the degradable possibility tolclofos-methyl in soil slurry.

연구보문 : 환경화학 ; 한약재 진피에 대한 유기인계 살충제의 잠정 MRL 설정 및 안전사용기준 제안

이주희 ( Ju Hee Lee ),신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),황정인 ( Jeong In Hwang ),이병희 ( Byung Hee Lee ),강인호 ( In Hoo Kang ),강신정 ( Shin Jung Kang ),김태화 ( Tae Hwa Kim ),김장억 ( 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Jinpi(Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium) is one of the most important material of oriental herbal medicine which is made from the peel of mandarin by washing with hot water and drying. Pesticides have necessarily used for mandarin cultivation according to their preharvest intervals (PHIs) but their maximum residue limits (MRLs) and PHIs for Jinpi are not established yet. This study is to know residue amount of organophosphorus insecticides in Jinpi and to establish the MRLs and PHIs for fenitrothion and phenthoate in Jinpi. Fenitrothion was sprayed once, twice and three times with 7 days interval before harvest. Its residue amount ranged from 0.14 to 1.17 mg/kg in mandarin, 0.59 to 4.02 mg/kg in its peel and 1.66 to 22.38 mg/kg in Jinpi. In case of phenthoate, it was sprayed with 10 days interval for 10 days before harvest. Its residue amounts in mandarin, its peel, and Jinpi ranged from 0.16 to 0.65, 0.69 to 2.41 and 1.69 to 11.3 mg/kg, repectively. Proposed MRLs of fenitrothion and phenthoate for Jinpi are suggested to 22.39 and 11.30 mg/kg, respectively. So we recommend PHIs of the pesticides that fenitrothion can be sprayed 3 times 7 days before harvest and in case of phenthoate, sprayed 3 times 10 days before harvest.

Sphingomonas sp.224 균주에 의한 살균제 Tolclofos-methyl의 분해

곽윤영 ( Yun Young Kwak ),신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),이상만 ( Sang Man Lee ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ),이인구 ( In Koo Rhee ),신재호 ( Jae Ho Shin ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.4

In order to decrease level of an organopho-sphorus fungicide, tolclofos-methyl, from in situ ginseng cultivating soil, we isolated a tolclofos-methyl degrading bacteria from ginseng cultivating soil samples. The bacterial strain removed tolclofos-methyl around 95% after 3 days incubation with complete liquid media. The strain was identified as Sphingomonas sp. by 16S rDNA sequence comparison, and designated as Sphingomonas sp. 224. Through the GC-MS analysis, Sphingomonas sp. 224 was proposed to have an initiative degradation pathway generating the metabolite such as 2,6-dichloro-4-methyl phenol compound from tolclofos-methyl. In addition, Sphingomonas sp. 224 was confirmed representing the effective degrading capability to tolclofos-methyl in situ soil.

살충제 Cypermethrin 및 살균제 Diethofencarb의 살포방법에 따른 인삼 중 잔류

이주희 ( Ju Hee Lee ),김영환 ( Young Hwan Kim ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),김태화 ( Tae Hwa Kim ),박찬 ( Chan Park ),유용만 ( Yong Man Yu ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 韓國環境農學會 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.4

인삼의 잔류량 조사결과 높은 부적합 율을 보이는 살충제 cypermethrin과 살균제 diethofencarb의 부적합의 원인을 규명하기 위하여 농약의 살포방법을 다르게 하여 실제 인삼재배 포장에서 사용하는 방법대로 안전사용기준을 준수하여 살포하고 그 잔류량을 인삼의 부위별로 분석하여 안전성 정도를 평가하였다. 뇌두부위에서 cypermethrin의 잔류량은 관행 처리에서 평균 1.14 mg/kg, 토양 처리에서 평균 0.20mg/kg 그리고 랩 처리에서 0.31 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 몸통 부위에서 cypermethrin의 잔류량은 관행 처리에서 평균 0.10 mg/kg, 토양 처리에서 평균 0.05 mg/kg이였으며 랩처리에서는 검출한계 이하로 나타났다. Cypermethrin의 잔류량을 인삼 전체로 나타내면 관행 처리에서 평균 0.25mg/kg, 토양 처리에서 0.07 mg/kg 그리고 랩 처리에서 0.04 mg/kg으로 나타나 관행 처리구에서는 인삼에 대한 cypermethrin의 MRL 0.1 mg/kg을 초과하여 안전사용기준이 적합하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. Diethofencarb의 경우 인삼 전체에 대한 잔류량으로 나타내면 관행 처리에서 평균 3.01 mg/kg, 토양 처리에서 0.92 mg/kg 그리고 랩 처리에서 0.89 mg/kg으로 나타나 모든 처리구에서 인삼에 대한 MRL 0.3 mg/kg을 초과하여 안전사용기준이 적합하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. This study is conducted in order to know the residue patterns of insecticide cypermethrin and fungicide diethofencarb in ginseng sprayed by various application methods. Two pesticides were sprayed separately on ginseng using traditional, soil and vinyl mulching applications. The vinyl mulching application was that head part of ginseng protected from pesticides. When cypermethrin was sprayed on ginseng by traditional application, its residue amount in ginseng was 0.25 mg/kg which exceeded 0.1 mg/kg, maximum residue limit(MRL) established by Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). But in case of vinyl mulching and soil application, its residue amounts were 0.04 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. The residue amount of diethofencarb in ginseng was 3.01 mg/kg which exceeded the MRL, 0.3 mg/kg. Further, in case of vinyl mulching and soil application, its residue amounts were 1.71 and 9.39 mg/kg which exceeded the MRL 0.3 mg/kg. Although the residue amounts of both pesticides exceeded the MRLs for ginseng, we can explain that pesticides remained in head part of ginseng is probably the reason why higher pesticides residue levels were observed.

시설재배 참외 중 살균제의 생물학적 반감기

이주희 ( Ju Hee Lee ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),박은정 ( Eun Jeong Park ),김태화 ( Tae Hwa Kim ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 韓國環境農學會 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.4

살균제 pyrimethanil, chlorothalonil 및 tetraconazole의 참외 중 반감기와 잔류양상을 조사하였다. Pyrimethanil의 참외 중 0일차 잔류량은 기준량 및 배량 처리구에서 각각 0.16 mg/kg 및 0.28 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 농약의 분해 곡선식은 y=0.1402e(-0.0621x) 및 y=0.2727e(-0.0687x)이었고, 반감일은 각각 11.2일과 10.1일이었다. Chlorothalonil의 참외중 0일차 잔류량은 기준량 및 배량 처리구에서 각각 0.06 mg/kg 및 0.11 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 농약의 소실곡선식은 y=0.0509e(-0.202x) 및 y=0.1149e(-0.1053x)이었고, 반감일은 각각 3.4일과 6.6일 이었다. Tetraconazole의 참외 중 0일차 잔류량은 기준량 및 배량 처리구에서 각각 0.14 mg/kg 및 0.22 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 농약의 소실곡선식은 y=0.1389e(-0.0719x) 및 y=0.2159e(-0.0375x)이었고, 반감일은 9.6일과 18.5일 이었다. 재배기간 중 참외의 무게증가에 농약희석효과를 배제한 절대 잔류농도는 약제 살포 후 14일 경과 시 pyrimethanil은 기준량 및 배량에서 각각 56.3% 및 50.0%의 농약이 분해되었다. Chlorothalonil은 50.0% 및 27.3%, tetraconazole은 기준량 및 배량에서 각각 42.9% 및 81.8% 정도의 농약 분해율을 보였다. This study was conducted to know the biological half-lives and dissipation patterns of fungicides, pyrimethanil, chlorothalonil and tetraconazole in Korean melon under green house condition. The instrument for analyzing pyrimethanil and chlorothalonil was HPLC equipped with UV detector. Initial residue amounts of pyrimethanil were 0.16 mg/kg at recommended rate and 0.28 mg/kg at double recommended rate in Korean melon. The biological half-lives of pyrimethanil were 11.2 days at recommended rate and 10.1 days at double recommended rate in Korean melon. In case of chlorothalonil, initial residue amounts of chlorothalonil were 0.06 mg/kg at recommended and 0.11 mg/kg at double recommended rate in Korean melon. The biological half-lives of chlorothalonil in Korean melon were 3.4 days at recommended rate and 6.6 days at double recommended rate. The instrument for analyzing tetraconazole was GLC equipped with electron capture detector. Initial residue amounts of tetraconazole were 0.14 mg/kg at recommended and 0.22 mg/kg at double recommended rate in Korean melon, respectively. The biological half-lives of tetraconazole were 9.6 days at recommended rate and 18.5 days at double recommended rate in Korean melon.