變動換率制度에 있어서 國際通貨

Hee Young Song(宋熹永) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 1996 商經硏究 Vol.21 No.1

This paper analyzes the floating exchange rate system and its evaluation which is adapted in industrialized countries since 1973. Especially this paper examines the changes of exchangerate decision theory in two separate periods of 1980’s and before. Finally, this paper analyzes interventions in foreign exchange market and the international monetary orders. Based on the findings of researches, we show that the supply of an international currency is determined by the magnitude of trade deficit of the currency-issuing country and the willingness of holding international reserves in the part of other countries. On the other hand, its demand depends on many factors such as, the scale of international economic transactions, the settlement periods and efficiency, returns of the currency, the movements of international reserve balances, and the frequency of exchange-rate movements. Finally, this study suggests that the internationalization of Korean won would invite a relatively large demand of international currency, unstabilizing speculations from other countries, and unstable movements of exchangerate through the increasing risk of domestic fluctuations due to the foreignexchange market interventions.

만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 호흡재활을 위한 재가 자가관리 증진 중재 개발

송희영(Song, Hee-Young) 한국재활간호학회 2015 재활간호학회지 Vol.18 No.2

變動換率制度에 있어서 國際通貨

Hee Young Song(宋熹永) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 1996 상경연구 Vol.21 No.1

This paper analyzes the floating exchange rate system and its evaluation which is adapted in industrialized countries since 1973. Especially this paper examines the changes of exchangerate decision theory in two separate periods of 1980’s and before. Finally, this paper analyzes interventions in foreign exchange market and the international monetary orders. Based on the findings of researches, we show that the supply of an international currency is determined by the magnitude of trade deficit of the currency-issuing country and the willingness of holding international reserves in the part of other countries. On the other hand, its demand depends on many factors such as, the scale of international economic transactions, the settlement periods and efficiency, returns of the currency, the movements of international reserve balances, and the frequency of exchange-rate movements. Finally, this study suggests that the internationalization of Korean won would invite a relatively large demand of international currency, unstabilizing speculations from other countries, and unstable movements of exchangerate through the increasing risk of domestic fluctuations due to the foreignexchange market interventions.

1980年代의 韓ㆍ日 兩國의 貿易成長과 貿易政責의 變化

Hee Young Song(宋喜永) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 1994 상경연구 Vol.19 No.1

The first chapter mentioned the purpose and the necessity of the study. One of the targets of Korean economic policy is to increase exports and sustain a high rate of economic growth. In order to pursue the ends efficiently, it is vital to build an effective trade policy. Since the 1980s, however, the Korean government could not present an effective export-promoting policy faced with the pressures from industrialized countries and International organizations including GATT. Moreover, the scope of trade policy became limited due to the emergence of other NICs. What is the detailed pattern of Japanese trade policy when she was in such an environment that the Korean economy is undergoing currently after the periods of rapid economic growth of the 1970s. What are the characteristic and the differences? These questions attract our attention in developing the trade policy of the 1990s. In this article, we analyzed the changes in the trade policy of Korean in the 1980s compared with those of the 1960s and the 1970s. These are closely related to the direction of economic development by which Korean economy tries to enter an industrialized economy expanding international trade. We focus on the building process of the trade policies of Japan, which has been heavily dependent upon international trade in the process of economic development and is dominating the world market presently. The chapter Ⅱ explains the trade stucture of Korea and Japan respectively. In Korea, the trade growth and the changes in import-export structure were very important in formulation the trade policy of the 1980s. With the expansion of trade volume and the consecutive trade surpluses from 1986 to 1989, there was an increasing need to construct a more advanced trade system and an opportunity to develop a more advanced trade institution. The trade growth and the changes in import-export structure of Japan have a close relation to the building of her trade policies. As an example, when the trade surplus of Japan became problematic in the middle of 1980s, the trade structure of Japan could be captured as in the phrase “increasing export easy and increasing import never easy.” Under the structure Japan was likely to invoke the resistance from other industrialized trading partners and this would be an obstacle for Japan to move into a new dimension in trade and internationalization of economy. Accordingly, Japan had to change the trade policy inevitably. Under these circumstances Japan switched from the structure of “increasing export easy and increasing import never easy.” In the regard the trade growth and the changes in trade structure are deeply concerned with the changes in the trade policies in both countries. The chapter Ⅲ examines mainly the trade policy and its change in Korea during the 1980s. Here the export-promotion policy, import policy, characteristics and changes of trade policy adopted are discussed. It is noted that the export-promotion policies set up in the 1960s and 1970s were pursued until the middle of the 1980s, and there appeared policy changes since 1986. Concerning import policy, the real shift from non-tariff policy to tariff policy was made in the first and the second free-import plan since 1986. The purpose of the study in this chapter is to find under what circumstances, Korea changed its trade policy especially according to the changes in trade volume, internal and external trade environment, and into what form Korea changed its trade policy. The chapter Ⅳ deals with the trade policy of Japan in the 1980s concentration on the items such as the changes of export policy, import policy, tariff-reduction program, tariff system and its level, and the import-tariff stipulations. The main focus is about what lay in the background of trade policy changes of Japan in the 1980s, and what measures were taken to handle trade surpluses and the pressure for market-opening from other industrialized trade partners.

8주간의 신체활동 실기 수업이 대학생의 신체조성 및유·무산소성 운동 요인에 미치는 영향

송희영 ( Song Hee-young ),이상기 ( Lee Sang-ki ) 한국스포츠코칭학회 2017 한국스포츠코칭학회지 Vol.2 No.2

이 연구는 대학생의 8주간의 운동프로그램(실기 수업)을 통하여 신체구성도 변화와 더불어 유.무산소성 운동 능력의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 대학생의 효과적인 운동 지도에 관한 기초자료를 제공하는데 도움을 주고자 실시되었다. 연구에 참여한 연구대상자는 총 19명으로 남자 대학생(n=11; 21.1±1.87세)과 여자 대학생(n=8; 20.13 ±0.64세)이 연구에 참여하였다. 운동 프로그램은 8주간, 주 3회, 60분 운동으로 유산소성운동(걷기 및 가벼운 런닝)과 저항성운동(바디 웨이트(체중)를 기반으로 하는 다양한 저항성운동)을 복합 운동으로 실시하였고, 측정항목은 신장, 체중,체질량지수, 체지방률, 근력(악력), 근지구력(교차 윗몸 일으키기), 심폐지구력(왕복오래달리기), 유연성(앉아윗몸앞으로굽히기), 민첩성(10m왕복달리기), 그리고 순발력(제자리멀리뛰기)이다. 연구 결과는 남학생의 경우 8주간의 운동 프로그램 진행에 따라 체질량 지수(p<.05)와 체지방률(p<.01), 근력 요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 여학생의 경우 민첩성(p<.05)에서만 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과로 신체적으로 최상의 시기에 있는 대학생들에 있어서 8주간의 유.무산소성 복합 운동의 실시는 유산소성 관련 효과성보다는 무산소성 운동 강도에 기인되는 체력 요인의 변화에 민감할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of physical exercise program on body composition, aerobic and anaerobic factors in college students. A total of 19 subjects(11 male : 21.1±1.87yr; 8 female : 20.13 ±0.64yr) participated in the study. exercise program consisted of a combination of aerobic(walking and running) and resistance exercise(body weight resistance exercise) with 60 minutes, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Measures include height, weight, body mass index(BMI), body fat(%), muscle strength, muscle endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, agility, and power. The results of study showed that there was a significant difference in BMI, body fat(5), and muscle strength for male and in female, only in agility according to the 8week exercise program. These results suggest that the 8 week aerobic-anaerobic complex exercise may be more sensitive to changes in physical fitness factors than anaerobic exercise intensity rather than aerobic exercise effectiveness.

중국의 반덤핑 규제요인에 관한 연구

송희영(Hee-Young Song) 한국무역학회 2005 貿易學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

戰後日本의 貿易政策: 日本經濟의 復與期와 高度成長期를 中心으로

Hee Young Song(宋喜永) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 1988 상경연구 Vol.13 No.1

Each trade policy has its own economic effects as explained in section Ⅱ. The detailed economic effects of each trade policy were summarized in Table 1 and 2 of section Ⅱ. The growth of trade in Japan after world war Ⅱis will characterized by the difference between the export growth rate and the import growth rate. The export growth rate was much higher than the import growth rate. Both export growth were strongly influenced by various trade policies. Especially, the trade policies designed to stimulate export but to restrict import played very important roles in the growth of Japaness trade. Income elasticity of demand for exportables and importables affects the trade pattern and trade policies of each country. In Japan, the difference between income elasticities of demand for exportables and importables was very high. This difference also played important roles in the growth of Japanese trade. In this study, the process of trade growth in Japan was divided into two stages. One stage in period of recovery, and other stage is the period of growth. The period of recovery is characterized by the active and intensive export-drive policies. During this period, export was heavily subsidized while import was restricted. In the period of high growth that is the post-1960 period, many direct trade restriction policies were replaced by tariff policies. But most of tariff rates were still high. Furthermore, tariff policies were complimented by non-tariff policies. The Japanese trade ploicies were explained in section Ⅲand Ⅳ in a great detail. As explained in section Ⅱ, many policies applied in the period of recovery were in lack of consistency, and used financial policy instruments. By contrast, many policies applied in the period of high growth pursued free trade because Japan became a member of GATT. However, as pointed out in section Ⅳin some details, these policies were nothing but the flexible operation of non-tariff policies employed in order to respond to changes in external economic environments.

國際貿易慣習의 生成과 發達에 관한 硏究

Hee Young Song(宋熹永) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 1983 상경연구 Vol.8 No.1

International trade ni macroscopic aspect is international business activities between countries within the category of international economics but in microscopic aspect, it can interpret the fruit of contract of sales through private economic sectors. The object of trading, in a broad sense, although it contains goods of corporeal or incorporeal nature, such as goods, technique, capital and labour, in a restricted sense, its object is corporeal movables. Therefore, transactions of trade will be seen as a contract of international goods sales with trading parters in foreign countries. Moreover, international trade transactions are private contracts between trading parters, such as trading companies, and individuals in foreign countries. Consequently, each sales contract will be defined a pattern of contracts. Though today most international trading is distant trade and not over-the-counter sales, we have no uniform law yet. In these circumstance, naturally, international sales contracts depend upon international custom and usage. This study is to analyze the creation and advancement of trade custom. And the scope and method of research of this study are mainly to review, analyze the various factors within international trade regulations, as well as custom practices and precedents which have an effect on international trade sales contracts. International trade custom has two fundamental functions. The first is supplementary function of international sales contracts, the second is cretera for interpretation of contracts, therefore international trade custom is essential to international trade transaction. However, we have no uniform law of trade. International transaction be carry out at individual contract. The contract are an essential part of the international trade system of free enterprise, and hence the law provides contract with special protections. Without such protections, international trade would find very difficult to promote its volume. Therefore international trade custom and it’s rules is essential to trade transaction. For the above mentioned purpose, this study is composed of; Chapter Ⅱ, Creation Advancement of trade custom. Chapter Ⅲ, Function of trade custom and characteristic of international trade transaction Chapter Ⅳ, Direction and codification of international trade rules.

역사문화공간을 활용한 공연 콘텐츠 기획 사례 연구 : 고궁, 고성, 성곽을 중심으로

송희영(Song, Hee Young) 글로벌문화콘텐츠학회 2009 글로벌문화콘텐츠 Vol.0 No.3

고궁이나 고택, 성곽, 사찰, 공원 등 역사문화유적지를 공연 공간으로 활용하는 시도가 최근 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 역사문화공간이 극장 무대를 대신하는 대안공간으로 등장하게 된 배경은 지역의 문회유산공간을 공연 관람활동이 가능한 문화관광명소로 전환시킴으로써 발생 예상되는 도시브랜드 창출 효괴를 추구하는 도시경영 전략이 반영된 결과라고 보여 진다. 이것은 역사문화유적지가 그 자체로서도 방문객을 모으는 기능을 하고 있지만 도시의 역사성을 살린 공연콘텐츠가 도시를 대표하는 문화상품으로 발전될 경우, 그 도시는 보다 많은 방문객 유치에 유리한 매력적인 조건을 갖추어 경제적 부가가치는 물론 지역주민의 생활에 큰 활력소를 제공한다는 도시마케팅 (City marketing) 이론의 배경 하에 세계적으로 추진되고 있는 현상중 하나이다. 실제로, 도시의 역사가 깊고 자연경관이 아름다운 중국 4대 도시를 모렐로 실경 산수 뮤지컬 콘텐츠 개발에 성공한 중국의 저명한 영화감독이자 연출자인 장이머우 감독의 <인상 프로젝트>는 대표적인 도시마케팅의 한 사례로 손꼽히고 있다. 본 연구는 이와 같이 도시 브랜드 이미지 강화를 목적으로 현재 우리나라의 역사문화공간에서 이루어지고 있는 공연기획 현황과 문제점을 서울의 고궁 문화재 공간을 중심으로 살펴보고, 변방의 오래된 무명도시를 독특한 문화콘텐츠 생산지로 탈바꿈시켜 지역경제 발전과 함께 세계적인 관광명소로 도시의 명성을 높여준 중국 윈난성 리장 고성의 설산 실경 뮤지컬 <인상 리장>사례를 조사하여 성공 요인과 파급효과를 점검해 보았다. 마지막으로, 세계문화유산으로 지정된 경기도 수원 화성과 역사적 관련이 깊은 조선 22대 임금 정조대왕의 어머니 혜경궁 홍씨의 진찬연을 원형 콘텐츠로 제작된 두 국악공연을 소개한 다음 수원화성의 장소성과 연계한 공연상품으로서의 활용을 제안해보았다. 즉, 고서에 기록된 “혜경궁 홍씨 봉수당 진찬연”을 토대로 조선시대 왕실음악회를 현대적 극장무대에 재현한 국립국악원의 <왕조의 꿈태평성대> 공연과, <왕조의 꿈 태평성대>공연을 모티브로 하여 현대인이 즐길 수 있는 다양하고 가변적인 프로그램 형식으로 재구성한 숙명가야금연주단의 <봄의 궁전>의 공연 요소를 분석하여 우리나라의 역시문화공간에서 시도해봄직한 새로운 공연콘텐츠 개발의 가능성 탐색을 시도하였다. 역사문화유산 공간은 현대인들에게 새로운 예술 창조에 필요한 상상력과 영감을 제공하는 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 도시마케팅 효과라는 성과에 급급하여 기존의 공연물들을 문화유산공간으로 옮겨오는 단순한 공간이동의 차원에서 그칠 것이 아니라 역사문화공간에 잠재된 역사적 의미와 스토리텔링을 적극적으로 연구, 발굴하여 공연기획의 참신성과 장소적 자산이 공존하는 문화콘텐츠로 발전시키는 노력이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of creating and producing performing arts contents based on historical assets as a City marketing strategy. In fact, the historic sites such as old places, residences, fortress and even old gardens and temples have currently been received wide attention by the cultural industry as important tourists attractions where performing arts and other similar activities are being presented in order to enhance the city s brand value. Concerning the interrelationship between producing performing arts contents which makes use of the cultural heritage sites and the effect of City marketing, at first, I reviewed the actual cases and circumstances that had been executed in Korea focused on the old places in Joseon Dynasty in Seoul and tried to find some problems to be improved. The major problems that I was concerned about were firstly, most of the performances at the out-door stage in the old places were just a repeat of the same programs that had been done in the past so it was hard to appeal new interests and attractions. Moreover, every venue presented almost same repertoires as others without its original contents, and no long-term plan for programming existed was another big problem that I found. Secondly, I introduced the case of Impression Projects in China which widely considered as a successful example of this kind. The Impression Projects is a series of out-door musical productions happening in the four old cities in China such as Lijang, Hangzhou, Guilin(Y angsuo) and Hainan under the direction of Zhang Yimou, a world widely known chinese movie director. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that each performance presents the myth, legend, and old stories based on the cities own history that make use of the natural stage setting located at the cultural heritage sites. As the result of this, each city turned to world-widely known tourists attractions which receives a million of visitors a year from and provides a vital environment to the community as well as a great deal of financial outcomes. Finally, I studied two Korean traditional music concerts cases called The Royal Court Banquet Music-music of Peace, Dream of the Dynasty premiered by the National Center for Korean Traditional Performance Arts, in 2001 and Place of Spring presented by Sookmyung Gayageum Orchestra in 2009. In deed, these two performances have a common that were inspired by the Joseon Dynasty Court Banquet, more specifically named The Royal Banquet in celebration of the 60th anniversary of Queen Hyegyeongung Hong , which King Jeongjo, the 22nd King of Joseon Dynasty, had hosted for his mother Queen Hyegyeongung Hong at the Suwon Hwaseong Fortess in 1795. Then, based on the historical record, I attempted the way to transform the royal court banquet happened in the 18th century to modem style of entertainment shows on the out-door stage of Suwon Hwaseong Fortess that was on the list of UNESCO s World Cultural Heritage in 1997. The historic cultural heritage sites are often considered as an important alternatives for enhancing the city s brand image and implementing strategy of city marketing and now in fact a lot of performances are staged. It is true that cultural heritage is very important role in terms of inspiring and offering new imaginative idea in creating new arts to modem society, however, I would like suggest that in making use of the historical legacy and value, the more efforts should be done toward to discover and reveal potential historical contents so they would be able to interconnect with creating new performing arts productions which could be actually enjoyed by modem audiences before rushing into uncompleted city marketing plan.

장소성 재현과 지역문화콘텐츠의 정체성 확립 : ‘극단 벅수골’의 통영 지역자원 활용 창작극 개발 사례를 중심으로

송희영(Song, Hee-Young) 인문콘텐츠학회 2020 인문콘텐츠 Vol.0 No.58

본 연구는 우리나라 지역문화콘텐츠 생산과정에서 만성적인 문제점으로 부각되고 있는 지역문화콘텐츠의 정체성 구현과 차별화 방안 모색을 목적으로, 극단 벅수골의 ‘통영 로드스토리텔러’ 기획시리즈 사례를 집중 탐색하였다, 본 연구는, 자신이 살고 있는 지역에 대한 강한 장소인식을 바탕으로 지역민들의 일상에 잠재된 문화적 기억을 연극콘텐츠화 하는 작업에 일관된 노력을 기울임으로써 지역거점 극단 스스로의 정체성 확립과 함께 지역의 장소정체성 강화에 기여하고 있는 극단 벅수골 사례를 통해 “장소성 재현을 통한 지역문화콘텐츠의 정체성 확립 가능성”을 제시하고자 하였다. 극단 벅수골의 경우, 통영지역에서만 찾아볼 수 있는 독특한 자연경관, 역사, 인물, 전통문화유산, 설화 등 지역 고유 자원을 연극공연콘텐츠로 승화시킨 ‘통영 로드스토리텔러’ 기획시리즈 개발에 역량을 집중해 온 결과, 타 극단과 확연히 구별되는 독창적인 레퍼토리를 구축하였으며, 그를 기반으로 극단의 정체성 확립에 수월한 지위를 확보하고 있다. 또한, 대중들에게 소개되는 벅수골의 ‘통영 로드스토리텔러’의 작품목록은 연극 관람객들에게 통영에 대한 장소체험 기회를 제공함으로써 통영의 장소정체성을 각인시키거나 확장시키는 파급효과로 이어지며, 나아가 지역의 문화관광요소와 결합하여 ‘문화적 장소 만들기 전략’으로 확장되는 순환구조를 창출하고 있다. 결론적으로, 극단 벅수골의 지역자원 활용 창작극 발굴 사례는 지역문화콘텐츠의 정체성과 차별성을 추구하는 우리들에게 “장소에 대한 관심과 연구”가 상업적인 이윤추구 못지않게 중요하다는 사실을 깨우쳐준다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다. This study seeks out measures for representation of its identity and differentiation in the process of reproducing locality-based cultural contents which are designated as the chronic problems in the domestic local cultural content industry. Thus, to cope with the issues, this study explores the possibility of establishing identity of local cultural contents by means of placeness-representation with the excavation case of ‘Tongyeong local Road–Storyteller series’, having been carried out during the last 5 years since 2015 by Beoksugol theater company, located in Tongyeong city, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The list of works presented by Beoksugol yields distinctiveness from other local play troupes since it delivers embodiment of abundant historical heritage and many other cultural resources inherited in ‘Tongyeong’ as a military garrison of Navy Headquarters of Three Provinces during the Joseon Dynasty era, in addition to splendid natural scenery as a coastal city, and as a home for greatest number of prominent nationwide artists such as writers, poets, painters and composers and so on. Thorough examination over ‘Tongyeong local Road–Storyteller series’ presented by Beoksugol led to discovery of 3 characteristics. First of all, Beoksugol has reached its objective of “establishing its unique identity” as a troupe based on local community, attributable to persistently developing its repertoire system utilizing a variety of locally passed down cultural resources around Tongyeong. Secondly, Beoksugol efficiently affiliated its achievement with the reinforcement of the place-identity of Tongyeong, through performing sequential original plays with employing annually accumulated local resources. Thirdly, Beoksugol’s trace of the past performances revitalizing hidden cultural memory throughout the region eventually brought about additional result in the integration of Tongyeong City’s strategic planning for building up cultural places. Hereby, this study suggests schematization of Beoksugol’s consistent efforts to develop its original repertory with the utilization of local narrative resources, thus ultimately reconstructing and expanding place-identity by provision of chances for residents and audience from outside to “experience of the place” about Tongyeong. From here, we could discover interconnectedness, or constitutive coingredience in technical term, between place and community identity as Edward Relph claimed “place-identity in a region influences self-identity of the given regional community; in turn, community identity mutually provides and receives influences over and from place-identity”. All in all, the case of Beoksugol that successfully achieved the construction of unique identity of itself based on strong awareness of placeness in the region awakens us to the importance not merely of pursuit of commercial profits, but also of attention and close studies on ‘place’, which is the root of cultural content production entailing the communal uniqueness and originality.