영화공간의 장면과 서사의 상관성 -영화 “내 꿈은 컬러꿈”을 중심으로-

송영민 ( Song¸ Youngmin ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.8

(연구배경 및 목적) 영화는 사건이 발생하는 원인과, 그로부터 유발되는 과정과 결과가 연결되는 서사구조를 토대로 만들어진다. 서사는 사건이 일어나는 공간에서 인물들의 행위와 공간구성요소들이 상호 결부되면서 시각적으로 서술된다. 따라서 영화공간의 시각화를 살펴보는 것은 영화의 서사를 해석하는 단초가 될 것이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 서사적 상황과 함께 작동하는 연출의 의도와 시각화방식을 논구하여 영화공간의 시각적 특성과 장면, 그리고 서사의 상관성을 제시하는 것이다. (연구방법) 첫째, 영화의 시각화와 서사구조 이론을 고찰한다. 둘째, 서사의 구성과 함께 종속되는 사건의 시간과 공간, 그리고 사건의 장소와 장면에 대하여 살펴본다. 셋째, 단편영화 두 편을 분석대상으로 선정하고 서사에 따른 주요장면들을 분절하여 서사구조에 따라 분석한다. 넷째, 분석한 결과를 토대로 영화공간의 장면과 서사의 상관성을 제시한다. (결과) 첫째, 영화공간은 의미함축의 기술적 구성으로 만들어진다. 기술적 특질로서 영화공간의 장면은 정교한 구성을 통해 인물의 행위와 심리를 드러낼 수 있다. 둘째, 영화공간에는 서사적 맥락에 결부된 상징이 배치된다. 서사에 따라 공간과 사물, 인물에 부여되는 시각화된 표식들은 강력한 상징성을 가진다. 또한 영화의 주제에 상응하는 상징물이 서사에 직접적으로 관여하고 서사의 맥락을 주도적으로 이끌어 갈 수 있다. 셋째, 영화공간에는 인물과 결속된 의미부여의 장소가 등장한다. 인물에게 규정된 공간은 특정한 사건의 서사적 상황과 심리적 변화과정을 통해 특별한 의미의 장소가 된다. (결론) 영화공간은 서사를 견인하고 서사적 개연성을 보장하는 장치로서 기능한다. 서사에 내재된 의미구현이 공간에서 이루어지며, 이는 구성요소들의 시각화에 따라 장면의 개념으로 설명된다. 장면은 공간의 시각적 목표물과 지각적 요소들이 배치되어 서사의 전체 혹은 인물의 내면을 표현한다. 이로써 영화에서 일체의 공간은 지각되는 장면의 차원과 결속되지 않을 수 없다는 연구결과에 도달하였다. 이에 따라 공간구성과 장면으로 확대되는 공간연구의 필요성을 제기하며, 향후 영화공간과 장면에 대한 연구가 후속되기를 기대한다. (Background and Purpose)Movies are made based on narrative structure linking the cause of an event and the process arising from the cause, and the results. The narrative is visually described as the actions of the characters and spatial elements are interconnected in the space where the events occur. Therefore, examination of the visualization of the movie space will be the first step for interpreting the narrative. The purpose of this study was to discuss the intention of directing and visualization methods working in conjunction with the narrative situation so as to present the correlation among visuality, scene, and narrative in the movie space. (Method)First, the theory of movie visualization and narrative structure were examined. Second, we examined the time and space of subordinated events along with the composition of the narrative, and the location and scene of the events. Third, main scenes in two short movies were segmented and analyzed according to the narrative. Fourth, based on the analysis results, the correlation between scenes in movie space and narrative was presented. (Results)First, the movie space is created with technical composition of connotation of meaning. As the technical characteristics, the scenes of movie space can reveal the behavior and psychological state of characters through elaborate composition. Second, symbols connected to narrative context are arranged in movie space. Symbols corresponding to the theme of movie can be directly involved in the narrative and lead the context of the narrative. Third, the place for assigning certain meaning connected with characters appears in the movie space. The space defined for characters turns into a place of special meaning through the narrative situation specific event and the process of psychological variation. (Conclusions)The movie space serves as a device that leads the narrative and assures the probability of narrative. The realization of meaning inherent in the narrative occurs in the space, which is explained as the concept of scene according to the visualization of components. Visual objects and perceptual elements of space are arranged in the scene to express the whole narrative or the inner side of e character. As a result, the results of study were derived that the whole space in the movie cannot but be bound with the dimension of the perceived scene. Accordingly, it raises the need for research on the spatial composition and the space that extends to scenes, and this researcher hopes that succeeding studies would investigate the movie space and scenes in the period ahead.

유니버설디자인 관점의 안전색채 개선방안에 관한 연구

송영민 ( Youngmin Song ) 한국공간디자인학회 2018 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.13 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적)교통안전 시각매체는 안전을 위하여 가장 직접적인 시설물임에도 불구하고 시각장애인 및 시각적 불편을 겪는 노인 등의 안전과 편의를 위한 시각적 고려가 미흡한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 교통안전시설물 중 시각매체를 대상으로 시각장애인을 고려한 유니버설디자인 관점에서 보완해야 할 안전색채관련 내용들을 점검해보고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 교통안전시설의 색채를 분석하여 색각이상자 뿐만 아니라 개인별 시각능력의 차이 등을 고려한 안전색채 개선방안을 제시하는 것이다. (연구방법) 첫째, 유니버설디자인의 개념과 색채, 노화에 의한 색각변화, 선천적 색각이상에 대하여 고찰하였다. 둘째, 안전과 편의를 위한 색채를 파악하기 위하여 교통안전시설물과 관련한 법규내용에 대하여 알아본 다음, 안전표지 주변의 공공시설물 중 시각매체와의 상관성을 살펴보았다. 셋째, 교통안전시설물 중 시각매체인 신호기 및 신호등, 안전표지의 색채와 주변에 설치되는 시각매체들의 색채를 분석하여 문제점을 파악한 다음 개선점을 도출하였다. (결과) 첫째, 형태와 색채를 병행하여 사용하는 방법이다. 노면표시와 검정과 하양의 무채색을 제외한 네 가지 색에 각기 다른 기하학적 형태를 조합하여 상용화할 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 색채와 글자를 혼용하는 방법이다. 개인별 시각특성에 따라 고유성을 갖을 수 없으므로, 식별이 어려운 색채에는 색채와 글자를 혼용하는 방식을 제안한다. 셋째, 색채와 패턴을 혼용하는 방법이다. 이 방법은 색채식별에 어려움이 가진 노인이나 색각이상자들을 위하여 즉각적으로 시행가능한 방법이다. 모든 색채에 패턴을 적용하기 보다는 식별이 어려운 특정 색채와 배색에 한정하여 개발하는 것이 중요하다. 넷째, 교통안전색채와 인접한 기타 시설물과의 혼동방지를 위하여‘도로교통법’의 보완을 제안한다. (결론) 위의 연구결과에 따라 교통안전을 위한 안전색채는 우선 접근가능한 방법부터 순차적으로 시행하여 일상의 안전과 불편을 경험하는 노인 및 시각장애인들에게 편의를 제공해야 한다. 이를 위해 관련기관의 관심과 협력을 토대로 정책개발과 설계, 실행이 연속될 수 있기를 바란다. (Background and Purpose) Traffic safety visual media, which are the most direct facilitators for safety, have not been given adequate visual considerations for the assurance of safety and the convenience of the visually impaired and the elderly experiencing visual constraints. Thus, this study is intended to examine the matters pertaining to traffic safety colors, and its visual impairment correctives, that need to be improved from the perspective of universal design in connection with visual media. The purpose of this study is also to propose improvement measures for safety colors considering the difference in visual ability of individuals, as well as those with abnormal color vision, by analyzing the colors used in traffic safety facilities. (Method) First, the concept and colors of universal design, color vision change induced by aging and congenital color vision abnormality were investigated. Second, details of laws and regulations related to traffic safety facilities were examined, which was followed by an analysis of their correlation with public facility visual media around the safety signage in order to determine the colors used to increase safety and convenience. Third, the colors of the visual media, such as traffic signals, traffic lights, safety signs, and colors of visual media installed in the vicinity of those signs were compared and analyzed to identify problems and derive the steps necessary for its improvement. (Results) First, a method using the shapes and colors in parallel was identified as particularly efficient. Combinations of different geometric shapes could be paired with the four colors, except for the achromatic color of black and white colors, in order to indicate road surface types. Second, this method called for the mixing of colors and characters. As colors cannot have uniqueness according to individual visual characteristics, a method was proposed to use colors and characters together for difficult-to-identify colors. Third, colors and patterns should be used together. This method can be applied instantly to the elderly or to those with color vision abnormality who have difficulty in identifying colors. It is important to develop the patterns tailored for specific colors and difficult-to-identify color combinations, rather than applying patterns to all colors. Fourth, we propose an improvement of the Road Safety Act to prevent confusion with other facilities adjacent to traffic safety colors. (Conclusions) Based on the aforesaid results of this study, the safety colors used to ensure traffic safety should be applied by implementing more accessible methods, so as to increase the convenience of elderly and visually impaired people who encounter risks and inconvenience in their routine lives. For that, it would be considered necessary to proceed with policy development, design and implementation based on attention and cooperation from relevant policy-shaping organizations.

유니버설디자인 관점의 교통안전 개선방안 -어린이보호구역 내 교통안전시설물을 중심으로-

송영민 ( Youngmin Song ) 한국공간디자인학회 2016 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.11 No.6

일상에서 사용하는 거리는 가로환경 전체가 안전과 편의를 제공해야 하는 공공시설이다. 이를 위해 `모두를 위한 디자인` 개념을 접목한 유니버설디자인이 공공역역에 도입되고 있다. 지자체별로 유니버설디자인 조례를 제정하고, 아동인권보장의 일환으로 거리의 안전성과 편의성이 포함된`아동친화도시`를 추진하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 교통안전을 위한 공공시설물이 유니버설디자인 관점에서 안전과 편의를 제공하고 있는지 점검해보고자 한다. 연구의 목적은 어린이보호구역의 교통안전시설물을 조사·분석하여 유니버설디자인의 관점에서 교통안전 개선방안을 제시하는 것이다. (연구방법)첫째, 유니버설디자인의 개념과 원칙, 아동친화도시, 어린이보호구역, 교통안전과 관련된 공공시설물에 대하여 고찰하였다. 둘째, 유니버설디자인과 관련한 법규와 가이드라인을 살펴보았다. 셋째, 사례조사를 통해 교통안전시설물의 현황을 조사하고, 해당지역의 어린이안전관련 조례와 공공디자인가이드라인에서 교통안전시설물의 문제점을 파악하였다. 넷째, 아동친화도시, 어린이안전관련 조례, 공공디자인가이드라인에 준하여 분석할 결과를 토대로 어린이교통안전 개선방안을 제시하였다. (결과)어린이보호구역의 교통안전시설물을 대상으로 유니버설디자인의 관점의 실행체계 측면, 계획 및 디자인 측면, 유지관리 측면에서 어린이 교통안전 개선방안을 다음과 같이 제시한다. 첫째, 설치주체별 협의와 설치시기에 따른 협의로서, 사업기획단계에서 단위구역 전체에 대한 종합적인 시설물 계획을 하는 방법과 관련기관별 사전협의와 설치 후 변경조치 등이 후속되도록 협의하는 방법이 병행되어야 한다. 둘째, 주민참여의 지역연대 활동을 통해 적극적인 보수와 지속적인 유지관리가 될 수 있도록 해야 한다. 셋째, 다양한 기관에 의해 설치되는 공공시설물에 대한 중앙정부 차원의 통합계획이 필요하며, 지자체에서는 공공시설물 통합계획을 공공디자인 관련 하위계획에 적용하고 디자인을 개발하여야 한다. (결론)위의 결과에 따라 교통안전을 위한 어린이보호구역의 공공시설물은 관련기관들의 협력을 토대로 설계와 시공, 사후관리가 연속되도록 지역사회가 관심을 가지고 참여하는 방식으로 설치, 관리되어야 한다. The street that is used in daily life is a public facility for which the entire street environment should provide safety and convenience. For this purpose, the universal design connected to the concept of “design for all” has been introduced to the public area. Local governments have established the ordinance of universal design and have promoted a child-friendly city that includes the safety and convenience of streets as a part of the way in which to secure children`s human rights. Therefore, this study tried to determine whether the public facility for traffic safety provides safety and convenience from the viewpoint of universal design. The purpose of this study was to check and analyze the traffic safety facility in the school zone and propose a way to improve the traffic safety from the viewpoint of universal design. (Method)First, the study considered the concept and principles of universal design, child-friendly cities, school zones, and public facilities related to traffic safety. Second, the study checked the laws and guidelines related to universal design. Third, the present study researches the current status of traffic safety facilities through a case study to grasp the associated problems in the ordinance related to child safety and public design guidelines. Fourth, the study proposes a way to improve children`s traffic safety based on the concept of a child-friendly city, the ordinances related to child safety, and public design guidelines. (Results)With regard to the traffic safety facility in the school zone, the study proposes a way to improve the traffic safety from the aspect of implementing system from the plan, design, and maintenance aspects within the framework of universal design. First, consultations need to be pushed forward depending on the installing party and installation period. Specifically, it is necessary to map out a comprehensive facility plan for the entire district unit in the project-planning phase in tandem with the procedure for prior consultation involving each relevant organization and a subsequent consultation that aims to guarantee follow-up actions occur, such as alteration actions, etc., after installation. Second, the residents` regional solidarity activities should be promoted to ensure active repair and continuous maintenance. Third, public facilities that are installed by many different organizations need to be covered by an integration plan at the central government level. Local governments should incorporate public facility integration plans into sub-plans related to public design and develop a design encompassing the distinctive identity and safety functions of respective regions. Local governments should incorporate public facility integration plans into sub-plans related to public design. (Conclusions)Based on the aforesaid results of this study, public facilities in school zones designated to safeguard children from road traffic accidents should be installed and managed in such a way so as to ensure a continuous cycle of design, construction, and follow-up management with strong interest and active participation from local communities through cooperation among relevant organizations.

朝鮮高等法院判例에 나타난 土地所有權 問題

宋榮珉(Song Youngmin) 한국법사학회 2003 法史學硏究 Vol.28 No.-

문화자원 활용공간의 장소 정체성 강화방안 -도시형 한옥마을과 전통마을을 중심으로-

송영민 ( Youngmin Song ) 한국공간디자인학회 2015 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.10 No.5

(연구배경 및 목적)본 연구는 장소로서의 공간, 보존해야할 대상으로서의 문화재, 삶의 현장으로서의 전통을 포함하는 문화자원 활용공간의 지속적인 보존과 활용을 전제로 한다. 문화자원은 도시의 이미지를 결정짓는 주요자원이자 지역발전의 중요수단이 되고 있다. 문화자원 활용공간은 문화재 군락을 중심으로 역사적 전통의 의미와 가치를 지닌다. 특히 문화자원을 보존하고 활 용하는 거주지역의 주민들에게 문화자원 활용공간은 일상생활과 밀착된 환경이므로 장소와 지역주민, 디자인이 함께 다뤄져야 한다. 문화자원 활용공간의 장소 정체성 형성과 장소가 해석되는 방식을 이해하여 장소 정체성의 유지 및 강화방안을 제시하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. (연구방법)본 연구는 문화자원 활용공간의 보존과 활용을 통한 장소 정체성의 관점에 관한 연구이다. 이를 위해 장소와 장소 정체성의 이해를 통해 문화자원 활용공간의 장소 정체성 형성이 어떻게 전개되는지 살펴보았다. 연구방법은 먼저 도시형한옥마을과 전통마을의 사례를 토대로 장소형성 과정을 이해하였다. 그런 다음 사례를 종합하여 장소 정체성형성의 배경 및 계기가 되는 요인과 시대에 따라 변화하는 장소의 의미를 분석하여, 문화자원 활용공간의 장소 정체성 강화방안을 제시하였다. (결과)문화자원 활용공간의 장소 정체성을 강화하기 위한 방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현시점의 장소 정체성을 진단하고 방향성을 설정하여 장소의 문화적 특성과 가치를 재정립하여야 한다. 둘째, 공공자원의 활용은 다양한 문화콘텐츠 개발로서 장소 정체성을 정립하고 공동체가 그 문화를 향유할 수 있는 수단으로 접근하여야 한다. 셋째, 문화자원 활용공간의 공공디자인은 공동이 소유하는 문화자원과 거주공간으로서의 생활적 요구를 수용하여야 한다. 이를 위해 공동의 문화적 특성과 문화자원을 활용하여 공동체의 참여를 확대하고 자율권을 보장하여야 한다. (결론)위의 연구결과에 따라 문화자원 활용공간의 공공디자인은 지역주민의 편의를 보장하면서 문화자원의 보존과 활용을 통해 장소의 새로운 가치를 창출하고자 하는 궁극적인 목표를 가져야 한다. 이로써 본 연구가 문화자원에 대한 중요성을 인식하고, 문화자원 활용공간의 정체성을 확보하는 기초자료가 되리라 기대한다. (Background and Purpose)This study was conducted based on the assumption that it is necessary to continue to preserve and utilize cultural resources that involve space as a place, cultural assets as targets of preservation, and traditions. Cultural resources are important for determining the image of a city and for promoting regional development. A cultural resources cluster assumes significance and value from the historical viewpoint, which is centered on the community’s cultural assets. In particular, place, regional residents, and design need to be integrated since efficient use of cultural resources creates a space for residents to preserve and utilize them in a way that is closely related to everyday life. The purpose of this study was to understand the method and identify the place for using cultural resources to improve place identity. (Method) As previously stated, the aim of this study was to research place identity and its continued preservation to utilize cultural resources effectively. The formation process was examined using the examples of an urbanized hanok village and traditional village. Subsequently, the analysis of varied meanings of a place according to its age, background, and formation of identity was conducted, and ways to strengthen cultural identity and space resource utilization were proposed. (Results) Methods to improve place identity and the efficient use of cultural resources follow. First, it is necessary to diagnose the identity of a place in the present and set the direction to reestablish desired characteristics and place value. Second, regarding the usage of public resources, it is necessary to establish the place identity by developing various cultural contents and access to them as the means for enabling community enjoyment. Third, the public’s design preferences for a designated place to use cultural resources should reflect a community’s cultural identity and a respect for residential spaces. It is necessary to incorporate cultural characteristics and resources of a community to enlarge participation of the locals and secure autonomous rights. (Conclusions) Study results suggest that a place designed for public use should utilize cultural resources for the convenience of local residents, with the ultimate goal defined as creation of a new place value resulting from preserving and using cultural resources efficiently. Likewise, this research will hopefully provide base data for increasing awareness about the importance of cultural resources and their efficient use.

폴리에틸렌 미세플라스틱의 임신 마우스 위내투여에 따른 모체 및 신생자 독성평가

송영민(YoungMin Song),김창열(ChangYul Kim) 한국환경보건학회 2021 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.47 No.5

Background: Plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter (microplastics) are well-known for causing various toxicities such as lung inflammation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. As microplastics become smaller, they can move across cell membranes, the placenta, and the blood-brain barrier. Objectives: We evaluated the toxicities of polyethylene microplastics (PE-PMs) in dams and neonates through intragastric intubation of pregnant ICR mice. Methods: Low concentrations (0.01 mg/mouse/day) and high concentrations (0.1 mg/mouse/day) of polyethylene microplastics were administered from the ninth day of pregnancy to postnatal day seven. The control group was administered with distilled water. On the day of sacrifice, the weight of dams and neonates and the organ weight of neonates was measured. Further, acetylcholinesterase levels and glutathione peroxidase levels were evaluated by using a blood sample obtained on the sacrifice day. Results: No significant difference in the number of neonates was found, but the body weight gain of dams was seen to be lower in the low-dose group. On the other hand, we observed a consecutively declining trend in the weight gain and organ weight of neonates among the high-, control, and low-dose groups. Meanwhile, the serum acetylcholinesterase and glutathione peroxidase level were higher in the low-dose group compared to the control group. Further, the dose-dependent accumulation of microplastics in the organs of neonates revealed the transport of plastic particles from dams to their offspring. Conclusions: Although the exact mechanism of toxicity caused by microplastics could not be confirmed, it was validated that exposure to microplastics during pregnancy and lactation causes its migration between generations and accumulation throughout the body. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the systemic toxicity of microplastics and assessment of co-morbidities such as second-generation toxicity, neurotoxicity, and depression following long-term exposure.

중점경관관리구역의 색채관리 방안 - 경관계획 사례를 중심으로

송영민(Song, YoungMin),고경란(Ko, KyungRan) 한국색채학회 2021 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.35 No.1

Landscape management is vast in quantity and requires efforts to be invested for a prolonged period of time in quality. As an alternative to that, it is necessary to establish the measures that can facilitate concentration on certain area or proactive response. The colors that correspond to the planar configuration in landscapes represent the means that can be easily applied without constraint of costs and time at the designing stage. Thus, this study was intended to discuss the issues associated with preservation, formation, and management of more effective intensive landscape management zones. First, the establishment of landscape policies and landscape planning in Korea were considered. Second, the color guidelines were examined through landscape design guidelines. Third, the color management plan was presented by comparing and analyzing landscape plans established for each region. The results of study showed that the landscape plans was likely to primarily entail the establishment of color plans applicable to whole land of the country. The intensive landscape management zones, which tend to form the surface of more intensive unit area, can serve a key medium that revitalize concerned landscape area vividly. Therefore, it is expected that institutional maintenance and guidelines, etc., will be established to ensure systemization of the landscape colors conducive to efficient preservation, management, and formation of landscape of national land.

딥러닝 기반 방사선 비투과성 표지자 자동 검출 기법

송영민(Youngmin Song),이병대(Byoung-Dai Lee) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2017 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

본 논문은 딥러닝을 이용하여 대장통과시간(Colon Transit Time, CTT) 검사를 위한 단순복부 X-Ray 영상에서 방사선 비투과성 표지자(Radio-opaque Marker)를 자동으로 검출하는 기법을 제시한다. 대장통과시간 검사는 대장의 운동질환을 평가하는데 있어 가장 기본적인 방법으로 특히 만성 변비증 환자의 병태생리에 따른 유형 분류와 치료 계획을 설정하는데 큰 도움을 주고 있으며, 내과적 또는 외과적 치료 후 평가에도 유용한 검사이다. 대장통과시간 검사는 방사선 비투과성 표지자가 내재되어 있는 캡슐을 복용한 뒤 주기적으로 단순복부 X-Ray 촬영을 통해 구간별로 남아있는 표지자의 수를 세고, 이를 통해 구역별 통과시간을 측정한다. 이 과정에서 판독의가 직접 표지자의 위치 및 개수를 세기 때문에 많은 시간이 필요하게 된다. 따라선 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 딥러닝 기법을 사용하여 X-Ray 영상 내에서 표지자의 위치를 자동 파악하는 기법을 제시한다.

제주 세계자연유산 3개소에 대한 공공시설물 색채현황 - 한라산천연보호구역, 성산일출봉, 거문오름 용암동굴계 만장굴을 중심으로

고경란(Ko, KyungRan),송영민(Song, YoungMin) 한국색채학회 2021 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.35 No.2

Mt. Halla Protected Natural Area, Seongsan Sunrise Peak, and Geomunoreum Lava Tube System of Jeju were inscribed on the World Natural Heritage List and have got a global recognition. Since the inclusion on the World Natural Heritage List, the annual number of visitors to Mt. Halla, Seongsan Sunrise Peak, and Manjang Cave- outstanding tourist sites of Jeju- has been more than 4 million. With this in mind, a study on the color trends of these public facilities was conducted. Public facilities are significant in that they show the general image of public space and the colors of public facilities show one integrated image of public space. In line with this, the continuous preservation of World Natural Heritage sites of Jeju, sharing better experiences with visitors, and the promotion of Jeju are essential. The objective of this study is to do research on the color trends of public facilities in World Natural Heritage sites and improvement methods. The study space included 3 sites; Mt. Halla Protected Natural Area, Seongsan Sunrise Peak, and Geomunoreum Lava Tube System- World Natural Heritage sites of Jeju. The study contents were existing public facilities. After a field study, the colors of public facilities were analyzed. As for study methods, the general status of public facilities (location, materials, construction date, construction method) was reviewed. Then, a current condition examination and check lists for the color study of facilities were done. 163 public facilities were reviewed and their pictures were taken. After excluding overlapping colors, 40 colors were drawn. They were GY, YR, Y, G, PB, B, BG, and R colors. Most public facilities showed mid brightness and mid-high saturation tones. In order to apply the color of public facilities in harmony with surrounding landscape, the structure, characteristics, and location of facilities should be considered at the public facilities design plan stage. Moreover, the color design in harmony with surrounding landscape is necessary.

실험동물 랫드를 이용한 미세먼지 기도노출에 따른 호흡기계 독성에 대한 마늘의 예방효과 탐색

이윤범(YoonBum Lee),김근우(GeunWoo Kim),송영민(YoungMin Song),한영훈(YoungHoon Han),하창수(ChangSu Ha),이지선(JiSun Lee),김민희(MinHee Kim),손혜영(HyeYoung Son),이기용(GiYong Lee),허 용(Yong Heo),김창열(ChangYul Kim) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.6

Objectives: Exposure to fine dust (PM10) could contribute to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease or respiratory abnormalities. Since garlic is known to possess an anti-oxidative stress effect, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of garlic intake on fine dust-mediated pulmonary toxicity. Methods: Rats were intratracheally instilled with fine dust at 15 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for five days following five-day intragastric intubation of garlic at 0.7 or 1.4 g/kgBW/day, or 13.1 mg/kgBW/day S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) as a reference component in garlic. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. Results: Deposit of fine dust was visually and histopathologically observed in the lungs. Body weight gain during the instillation period was significantly lowered in all the groups instilled with fine dust. Neutrophil numbers in blood were significantly elevated in the fine dust alone group, but this alteration was diminished in the groups administered with garlic. Levels of serum glutathione were lower in the rats instilled with fine dust alone, and this decrease in the glutathione level seems dose-dependently compensated among the groups administered with garlic. Similar findings were observed in the BALF with statistical significance. Typical pulmonary histopathological observation related with inflammation was demonstrated in the lungs of the rats exposed to fine dust alone, whereas such histopathologic findings were not improved in the groups administered with garlic. Conclusion: The present study suggests that garlic intake could alleviate fine dust-mediated pulmonary or systemic toxicities. Further investigation is necessary to delineate the mechanism of garlic-mediated effects on pulmonary function.