일반, 스피드 및 점프 푸쉬업에 따른 신장성과 단축성수축의 근활성도 분석

송상협(Song, Sang-Hyup),이호성(Lee, Ho-Seong) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.62

The purpose of this study was to examine muscular activities during normal, speed and jump based push up exercise. Twenty four healthy males were randomly divided to speed push up group (spe-G n = 8), Jump push up group (jum-G, n = 8), or control group (nor-G, n=8). Push up exercises performed maximum speed (spe-G), maximum jump (jum-G) and ECC (1-s) and CON (1-s )contraction (nor-G) during ECC and CON contraction. All subjects were performed one set of push up exercise to volitional repetition failure in each of the three conditions. The sEMG root mean square amplitude at first, middle, and last were recorded in the pectoralis major, triceps brachii and anterior deltoid during the push up exercise. The sEMG data were normalized to those obtained maximal voluntary contraction of each muscle (%MVIC) in both ECC phase and CON phase. Compared with ECC, first, middle, and last amplitude in the CON were significantly higher muscle activities of the pectoralis major, triceps brachii, and anterior deltoid in the spe-G and jum-G. The other hands, compare with last amplitude in the ECC and CON were significantly higher than first amplitude in ECC and CON.

연속적인 저항성 운동이 비만중년여성의 신체조성 지질관련 지표 기초체력 및 신체적 자기지각에 미치는 영향

송상협(Song, Sang-Hyup),김아람(Kim, Ah-Ram),서상원(Seo, Sang-Won),이호성(Lee, Ho-Seong) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.6

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consecutive resistance training on body composition, blood lipid, physical fitness and physical self-perception in obese middle aged women. Eight obese middle aged women (age: 46.9±9.4 years, body fat: 30.6±4.7%) participated in this study. Resistance exercise was performed for 50 min, 2-3 days a week, during 12 weeks [0-4 week : elastic band training (red and blue), 5-8 week : dumbbell training (2-8kg), 9-12 week : elastic band and dumbbell trainingl. Body composition (body weight, BMI, % body fat, muscle mass and WHR), blood lipid (TC and TG), physical fitness (harvard step, biceps curl, sit-up, squat, sit & reach and balance) and physical self-perception were measured before and after resistance training. Body weight (p=.049), WHR (p=.024) and TG (p=.016) were significantly decreased after 12 weeks of elastic band and dumbbell training than at the before training. Sit-up (p=.035), sit & reach (p=.017), standing on one leg with eyes closed (p=.030), and physical condition (p=.008) were significantly increased after 12 weeks of elastic band and dumbbel training than at the before training. This study suggests that consecutive resistance training with elastic band and dumbbell in obese middle aged women seems to improve body composition, physical fitness and physical condition.

럭비선수의 헤드기어 착용이 고막체온, 생리적 반응 및 평형기능에 미치는 영향

송상협(Song, Sang-Hyup),권정현(Kwon, Jung-Hyun),이호성(Lee, Ho-Seong) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The present study investigated the effects of headgear wearing on ear drum body temperature, physiological response and balance function in male collegiate rugby players. Sixty male collegiate rugby players were divided to headgear wearing group (HWG, n=8) and headgear non-wearing group (HNWG, n=8). Subjects measured ear drum body temperature, physiological variables and balance function before, 10, 20, 30 after the exercise in filed and laboratory. Ear drum body temperature tended to be increased by wearing headgear, and wearing a cap showed significantly increased at 30 after the exercise in laboratory (p<.05). Heart rate, blood substance and balance function were incremental significantly increased by exercise intensity in both group (p<.05), but no significant different between groups. It seems that exercise by the headgear wearing needs to suppress prolonged use from a viewpoint of the hyperthermia prevention in a summer.

탄성밴드 저항운동이 뇌졸중 환자의 보행, 평형성 및 근 활성도에 미치는 영향

송상협(Song, Sang-Hyup) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 8-weeks elastic band resistance exercise on gait, balance and muscle Activation in stroke patients. Nineteen patients were randomly assigned to resistance exercise group (n=6), and control group (n=6). Resistance exercise was performed using elastic band hip flexion, extension, abduction and adduction, and knee flexion, extension exercise for 3 sets of 10-12rep, rest for 30 seconds between each set, 40 minute/day, 4 day/week for 8 weeks. Walking ability (chair stand, 2.44m up and go, 6m walk, 3m back walking, 10m walking, complex obstacles), balance skills (Berg’s balance scale) and muscle Activation (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus) were measured before and after the 8-week exercise. Chair stand, 2.44m up and go, 6m walk, and 10m gait stride were significantly increased in the Resistance exercise group after training (p<.05). Berg’s balance scale was significantly increased in the resistance exercise group after training (p<.05, p<.01). Muscle activation (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus) were significantly increased in the resistance exercise groupafter training (p<.01). These results showed that resistance exercise of 8-week improve gait, balance and muscle Activation in stroke patients.

노화가 평형성 유지 시 운동조절 기능 및 근활성도에 미치는 영향

송상협 ( S. H Song ),박우영 ( W. Y Park ),이호성 ( H. S Lee ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2012 운동과학 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 노화에 따른 운동조절 기능 및 근전도 반응을 보고자 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 피검자는 평균연령이 20세인 건강한 여자대학생 21명(20.47±2.27세)과 노인여성 18명(68.57±4.65세)을 대상으로 하였다. 운동조절 기능 중 반응시간과 적응도는 동적자세검사기로 측정하였고, 근활성도는 4채널 근전도 검사기로 앞정강근, 장딴지근, 넙다리근, 무릎근에서 실시하였다. 운동조절 기능 특히 큰후방전환에서는 노인군에서 유의하게 느린 것으로 나타났다(p <.05). 적응도 역시 노인 군이 낮았으며 특히 초기 적응도에서 노인군에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<.05). 근전도 반응 결과 후방전환시 균형을 유지하기 위해 넙다리, 장딴지, 무릎근에서 청년군에 비해 유의한 크게 이루어졌고(p<.01), 전방전환시에는 넙다리(p<.01), 무릎근(p<.01), 앞정강근(p<.05), 장딴지근(p<.01)에서 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. Toes up과 toes down 결과 toes up 시에는 넙다리, 무릎 근에서 노인군에서 유의하게 근전도 반응이 크게 이루어졌고(p<.05), toes down시에는 넙다리, 무릎근, 장딴지근에서 유의하게 높은 근활성 반응이 이루어지는 것으로 밝혀졌다(p<.05). 결론적으로 노인들은 청년군에 비해 운동조절 기능의 감소 및 균형을 유지하기 위한 근활성도가 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of aging on motor control function and the muscle activation during maintain postural stability. Twenty one healthy subjects in young group(21 females; 20.47±2.27 y rs) and 18 healthy subjects in elderly group(18 females; 68.57±4.65 yrs) volunteered for the study. All subjects had no history of musculoskeletal injury or neurological or vestibular disorder, or concussions. Subjects reported to the laboratory for one testing session to measure the motor control functions such as reaction time and adaptation by Dynamic Posturography while the muscle activation patterns were collected through EMG. A statistically significant decrease was observed in large backward translation(p<.05) reaction time in elderly group. Also, there were significantly decrease in adaptation A1, A2(p<.05) in elderly group. The muscle activation in elderly group thigh, gastrocnemius, and hamstring, were higher than subjects in young group during backward translation(p<.01). Also, the muscle activation on thigh(p<.01), hamstring(p<.01), tibialis anterior(p<.05), and gastrocnemius(p<.01) were significantly high in senior group. Significantly higher muscle a ctivation in thigh, hamstring, and gastrocnemius was found during toe-up and toe-down phase in elderly women than young women. Tibialis anterior is the main muscle to keep the balance in both young and elderly women. However, elderly women have much more tibialis anterior muscle activation than young women. These results indicate that the higher level of muscle activation in the elderly woman can be explained not only by decreasing motor control function but also increasing muscle activation to maintain postural stability.

비만 중년여성의 8주간의 저항운동이 체간 각도별 신전근력 및 굴곡근력에 미치는 영향

권정현(Kwon, Jung-Hyun),송상협(Song, Sang-Hyup),정고은(Cheong, Go-Eun),이호성(Lee, Ho-Seong) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks resistance training on extension and flexion of isometric trunk strength in each angle of middle-aged obese women. All subjects (n=7) performed elastic band training using red and blue for 4 weeks, and thereafter conducted dumbbell training of the 1RM 50% (3 set 15-20 times, 2-3 days/week) for 4 weeks. Exercise program was performed for 50 min including warm-up for 10min, exercise training for 30 min and cool-down for 10 min. Extension and flexion of isometric trunk strength in each angle (110°, 122°, 134°, 146°, 158°, 170°, 182°) from 110° to 182° were measured before, after 4- and 8-weeks exercise training. The following were the main results: Isometric trunk extension strength 158° and 182°(p=.032, p=.05, respectively) and isometric trunk flexion strength 146° (p=.03) were significantly increased after 8-week of elastic band and dumbbell training than at the before training. These results suggest that resistance training with elastic band and dumbbell contribute to the muscle strengthening on the upper abdominal and the paraspinal muscles.

자연과학분야 : 남자 청소년의 수동적 신체정렬움직임이 부위별 신체부정렬 및 족저압력에 미치는 영향

박진석 ( Jin Suk Park ),송상협 ( Sang Hyup Song ),이호성 ( Ho Seong Lee ) 한국무용과학회 2015 한국무용과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 신체부정렬을 가진 남자 청소년을 대상으로 12주간의 수동적 신체정렬운동이 부위별 신체부정렬 및 족저압력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 신체부정렬을 가진 남자 중학생 14명을 운동군(passive body alignment exercise group; PAG, n = 7) 및 통제군(control group; CON, n = 7)으로 무작위 분류하였다. 수동적 신체정렬운동은 주3회 1일 50분씩 (준비운동 10분, 본운동 30분, 정리운동 10분) 12주간에 걸쳐서 실시하였다. 신체부정렬(머리 기울기, 어깨 높이, 골반 높이) 및 족저압력(왼발, 오른발)은 운동전과 운동 12주 후에 각각 측정하였다. PAG의 머리 기울기(F=13.060, p=.011) 및 골반 높이(F=19.753, p=.004)는 운동 전과 비교해서 운동 후에 집단 및 시기에 따른 유의한 상호작용 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 PAG의 어깨높이는 운동 전과 비교해서 운동 후에 집단 및 시기에 따른 상호작용에서 유의한 경향을 나타냈다(F=5.948, p=.051). 반면에 왼발 족저압력(F=3.434, p=.113) 및 오른발 족저압력(F=3.441, p=.113)은 운동 전과 비교해서 운동 후에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과, 이 연구에서는 수동적 신체정렬운동은 청소년의 신체부정렬을 긍정적으로 개선하는 것이 시사되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of passive body alignment exercise on regional malalignment and foot pressure in adolescent male with malalignment. Fourteen middle aged men with malalignment were randomly divided to passive body alignment exercise group(PAG, n=7) and control group(CON, n=7). Passive body alignment exercise was performed for 50 min (warm up 10 min, exercise 30 min, cool down 10 min), three times a week for 12 weeks. Malalignment (head tilt, shoulder height, pelvic Height) and foot pressure were measured before and after 12 weeks each groups. In results, head tilt has showed the interaction between the group and the period and the main effect of the test(F=13.060, p=.011) and pelvic height has showed the interaction between the group and the period and the main effect of the test(F=19.753, p=.004). Whereas shoulder height(F=5.948, P=.051), foot pressure of left(F=3.434, P=.113), right(F=3.441, p=.113) did not showed a significant difference between the group and the period. Consequently, it was suggested that passive body alignment exercise showed a positive result in head tilt, pelvic height, but a negative result in shoulder height, foot pressure. Subsequent studies, conducted on a many basis, increasing the subject number are thought to obtain better results.

근력 불균형의 지표로써 최대반복횟수를 사용할 수 있는가?

서상원 ( Sang-won Seo ),송상협 ( Sang-hyup Song ),김아람 ( Ah-ram Kim ),이호성 ( Ho-seong Lee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2016 체육과학연구 Vol.27 No.4

이 연구에서는 근력 불균형의 지표로써 최대반복횟수를 사용할 수 있는가를 검토하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 저항운동 경력이 1년 이상인 성인 남성 11명(연령; 26.6±2.5, 신장; 173.4±4.6, 체중;74.1±5.8)으로 하였으며, 모든 피험자는 신체조성과 도수근력검사를 측정한 후에 chest press를 이용하여 주동근(큰가슴근)의 1RM 및 우세측과 비우세측을 구분하여 최대 수의적 등척성 수축력(MVIC)을 측정하였다. 1RM의 80%의 two-arm chest press, 1RM의 40%의 one-arm chest press의 근활성도 및 최대반복횟수를 각각 측정하였다. 반복 속도는 1회 반복 시 4초(등장성 수축: 2초, 신장성 수축: 2초)안에 수행하도록 동일하게 설정하였다. 1RM의 80%의 two-arm chest press 및 1RM의 40%의 one-arm chest press의 근활성도는 비우세측의 주동근과 비교하여 우세측의 주동근에서 각각 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p <.01, p < .05). 반면에, 도수근력 검사 및 최대반복횟수는 비우세측의 주동근과 비교하여 우세측의 주동근에서 각각 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p < .05, p < .01). 최대반복횟수는 도수근력 검사(rho=.331, p=.320)와 상관관계가 나타나지 않았지만, 1RM의 80%의 two-arm chest press의 근활성도(rho=-.730, p=.011)와 유의한 음(-)의 상관관계가 나타났다. 따라서 이 연구에서 최대반복횟수는 근력 불균형의 지표로서 사용할 수 있다고 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine whether maximum repetition number can be used as an indicator of strength imbalance. Eleven healthy, resistance-trained males were tested for one repetition maximum (1-RM) the chest-press exercise, and than manual muscle testing (MMT), two-arm at 80% of 1-RM and one-arm at 40% of 1-RM in the pectoralis major were measured for the maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) and maximum number of repetitions during the chest press exercise. Exercise velocity was constantly 4 seconds (concentric: 2-s, eccentric: 2-s) per repetition. The changes in %MVC were significantly higher in non-dominant limb (NDL) compared with dominant limb (DL) pectoralis major during two-arm chest press (p < 0.01) and one-arm chest press exercise (p < 0.05). In contrast, the changes in MMT (p < 0.05) and maximum repetition number (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in DL compared with NDL during one-arm chest press exercise. There was no correlation between maximum repetition number and MMT (rho = 0.331, p = 0.320). However, maximum repetition number was significantly negative correlated with %MVC in two-arm chest press (rho = -0.730, p = 0.011). It is possible that maximum repetition number can be used as an indicator of strength imbalance.

12주간의 운동프로그램이 농촌노인의 기초체력 및 삶의 질 개선에 미치는 효과

박우영(Woo Young Park),김기홍(Ki Hong Kim),송상협(Sang Hyup Song),고성식(Sung Sik Ko) 한국체육교육학회 2010 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.15 No.4

이 연구는 12주간의 운동프로그램이 농촌노인의 체력 및 삶의 질 개선에 어느 정도 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 피험자는 A시에 거주하는 65세 이상의 농업에 종사하는 노인으로서 무작위로 운동집단과 통제집단으로 각각 20명씩 배정하였다. 각 대상자들은 사전 사후에 체력측정 및 삶의 질에 대한 질문지 검사에 임하였다. 12주간의 운동프로그램 내용은 심폐지구력, 저항성 운동, 유연성, 평형성 강화 운동으로 구성하였으며, 준비운동과 정리운동을 포함하여 주 3회, 1일 약 65분간 실시하였다. 12주간의 운동프로그램 적용 결과 체력변인에 있어서 근력과 유연성의 경우 사전에 비해 약간 개선되었으나 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 근지구력과 심폐지구력, 평형성의 경우 집단 간, 시기 간에서 또한 상호작용에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.01). 민첩성의 경우에서도 집단 간(p<.05) 및 상호작용에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.01). 삶의 질에 대한 연구 결과 신체영역은 집단 간, 시기 간에서 또한 상호작용으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.01). 정신영역에서도 집단 간, 시기 간에서 또한 상호작용으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.01). The purpose of this study was to investigate the 12weeks exercise program for fitness and quality of life development in agriculture old adults. Twenty intervention group and twenty control group were participated in the study. All participants completed fitness(muscle strength, muscle endurance, cardiorespiratory, flexibility, balance and agility) and quality of life question(physical area, mind area) paper test. Exercise program composed on aerobic, unaerobic, flexibility and balance exercise, and about 1 hour, three times a week. the result was as follow. There was a significant difference group, time, coefficient in muscle strength, endurance, cardiopulmonary, balance and agility. The quality of life was significant difference on the in physical area and mental area. These 12week physical exercises program can enable the development of fitness and quality of life in old adult.

지각운동 프로그램이 자폐성장애 아동과 청소년의 기본운동기술에 미치는 영향

장시삼(Si-Sam Jang),변재문(Jae-Moon Byeon),이성일(Sung-Il Lee),송상협(Sang-Hyup Song) 한국발육발달학회 2019 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.27 No.3

This study aimed to investigate the perceptual exercise program on basic motor skills in children and adolescents with autism disorder. To achieve the study objectives, perceptual exercise program was applied to 10 children group and 10 adolescent group with autism, 60 minutes per session, twice a week for 32 weeks. To evaluate the basic motor skills of the subjects before and after the exercise, they were measured in six areas of operational skills including throwing, catching, kicking, hitting, bouncing, and rolling; two areas of movement skills including balance beam, walking backward; and two areas of stabilization skills including standing with one leg and escaping. The study results were analyzed with matching sample T-test and independent sample T-test, as follows. First, test group showed the significant changes on all areas of operational skills (throwing p=.000, catching p=.000, kicking p=.001, hitting p=,000, bouncing p=.000, and rolling p=.000), while control group showed the significant changes only on four areas (catching p=.005, kicking p=.001, hitting p=.037, and rolling p=.015). Second, test group showed the significant changes on two areas of movement skills (balance beam p=.001 and walking backward p=.000), while control group showed some improvement but not significant. Third, test group showed the significant changes on two areas of stabilization skills (standing with one leg p=.003 and escaping p=.000), while control group showed the significant change only on escaping (p=.037). Fourth, significant changes were found only in the operational skills (catching p=.012, bouncing p=.004 and rolling p=.028) between both groups after the intervention. In summary, perceptual exercise program showed the effects on the exercise in the students with autism who have different school grades. Degree of improvement by exercise seems to show more positive effects in the children period than in the adolescent period.