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구조보존규칙으로서의 영어 비음동화:[η]에 대한 해결책
宋旼錫 관동대학교 1995 關大論文集 Vol.23 No.2
The velar nasal [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ in English. This fact is evidenced by distributional restrictions. That is, [ŋ] always appears before /g/ or /k/, while /m/ and /n/ occur freely. But in the theory of Lexical Phonology, the English Nasal Assimilation which derives the velar nasal [ŋ] must be a phonological rule which applies in the lexicon. For this rule must precede the morphological process suffixing '-er', as shown in the examples of "sing" and "singer" ("singer" is pronounced as [siŋ( )r], not as [siŋg( )r]). On the other hand, a lexical rule must be structure-preserving in the sense that if a feature is not distinctive in any context it may not play any role in the lexical phonology(Kiparsky, 1984). With regard to this principle of Structure Preservation, the above nasal assimilation has a problem because this process is not structure-preserving but must be lexical. To solve this problem, Borowsky(1986) says that the above nasal assimilation is applied at level 2 and that the principle of Structure Preservation turns off at level 2. This is an ad hoc solution. If this solution is accepted, the word of "concord" must be derived at level 2 while the words of "combine" and "concern" are derived at level 1 (independently motivated). This paper tries to solve this problem in the standpoint of the feature geometry theory. In the feature geometry, the process of spreading to an underspecified target is interpreted as structure-preserving. And the above nasal assimilation is a process of spreading to an underspecified target because the place feature of the phoneme /n/ is underspecified in the underlying representation. In the result, the English nasal assimilation is a structure-preserving process and can apply freely in the lexicon. As another desirable result, we can say that all lexical phonology is structure-preserving.
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