랩을 이용한 감 포장 시스템 개발

성시흥 건국대학교 자연과학연구소 1999 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.10 No.2

The wrapping system was developed for a user to wrap the sweet persimmons, which he wanted to determine their number, on the conveyor belt. When they were fallen down into an entrance part, and were wrapped by the wrapping paper, and pushed into a assembling box. The wrapping system could be operated by manual or automatic operation. It was developed to reduce hard human labor and increase efficiency of the wrapping operations. Some of the results are as follows. 1. The development of the system, which is a through process, involved the integration of entrance part, wrapping part, control part, exit part. 2. Performance tests of the fully integrated wrapping system were conducted by using sweet persimmons to determine the success wrapping rate. 3. If the distance between persimmons were constant on the conveyor belt, the damage rate of their surface would be 0%, however, if it would be a little. 4. If an automatic spacing control of an entrance part were developed, a wrapping system would be operated well to wrap them.

전자레인지를 이용한 녹용의 건조방법

성시흥 한국축산환경학회 2002 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.8 No.3

녹용의 상품화를 위해서는 건조과정이 필요하다. 지금까지의 인공건조는 사육농가 스스로의 경험에 의한 건조가 대부분으로 이는 건조시설 및 건조방법의 미흡으로 비효율적이며, 건조 중 변질되거나 먼지, 세균 등에 오염되기 쉽다. 최근 선진국에서는 농산물의 고품질건조를 위한 다양한 건조방법들이 실용화되고 있으며 마이크로파를 이용한 건조방법도 그 중의 하나이다. 이러한 점에 착안한 본 연구에서는 우리가정에 널리 보급되어 있는 전자레인지를 이용한 녹용의 건조 가능성 여부를 검토하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 녹용의 각질화 여부가 건조시간에 많은 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타나, 건조시간과 건조소요에너지를 줄이기 위해서는 녹용을 부위별로 절편하여 건조시키는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 2. 같은 건조시간에서도 템퍼링 시간의 길고 짧음에 따라 건조속도가 다르게 나타났으며, 각질화 진행 정도에 따라 템퍼링 시간의 조절이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 3. 전자레인지를 이용한 녹용의 건조는 2분 건조 후 3분 템퍼링을 반복하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 4 본 실험결과 전자레인지의 마이크로파를 이용한 건조기술을 녹용 건조에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 5. 본 연구에서는 건조시간과 템퍼링 시간에 따른 건조만을 검토하였으나, 앞으로의 연구는 건조 후의 녹용의 성분변화 여부에 대한 검토가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. Drying process is very important for commercialization of velvet antlers. So far, artificial drying has mostly depended on experience of farmers resulting in low efficiency of drying, deterioration during drying, and contamination by dust and bacteria. Various drying techniques for high-quality production have currently been commercialized in some developed countries, and one of them is a drying technique using microwave. In this study, application of the technique using an electronic (microwave) oven for drying of velvet antler was investigated. The results of this study are as follows. 1. It was found that the drying period was significantly affected by cornification of velvet antlers. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the velvet antlers should partly be sliced to save drying period and required drying energy. 2. It was also found that the drying speed was changeable according to tempering period and even with same drying period. The tempering period should be controlled according to processing rate. 3. The results indicated that a repeated drying of 2-min drying and 3-min tempering is the most effective when a microwave oven was used. 4. The results also showed that the drying technique using microwave of electronic oven can be effectively used for drying of velvet antlers. 5. Only drying and tempering periods were examined in this study, however, ingredient change of deer antler after drying is necessary to be investigated in the future.

오이 랩핑시스템 개발

성시흥,이대원,이원희 ( S . H . Sung,D . W . Lee,W . H . Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 1997 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2 No.1

우리나라 양록업 현황 및 환경 실태 조사

성시흥,문상호,전병태,이승기 한국축산환경학회 2003 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구에서는 우리나라 양록가에 대한 일반현황 및 사육현황을 파악하고, 사료조달현황 및 양록 경영 현황, 양록 산업의 당면과제 등을 조사 분석하여 양록가 및 정부시책에 필요한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사농가의 경영주 연령은 40대 이상이 84%로 대부분이었으며, 20대는 1%에 불과하였는데 이는 젊은층의 농업기피 현상과 무관하지 않다고 추측된다. 경영주의 학력은 대졸이상이 53%로 다른 농업분야에 비하여 비교적 높았으며, 양록업 종사전의 직업은 원예, 공직 등이 대부분으로 양록업의 국제 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 이들에 대한 전문교육이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 경영형태는 부업형태가 53%로 가장 많았으며, 전업형태는 전에 비하여 상당히 감소하였는데 이는 녹용의 개별 판매 외에는 별다른 판매방법을 갖고 있지 못한 양록가들이 전업형태를 유지하는 것에 대한 위험부담 기피현상 때문이라 생각된다. 양록업 종사 동기는 다른 가축에 비하여 더럽지 않고(95%), 소득수준이 높으며(75%), 노동력이 적게 들기 때문에(51%) 택하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 조사농가의 대부분이 꽃사슴과 엘크를 사육하고 있는 것으로 대답하였으며, 꽃사슴 및 레드디어는 감소한 대신 엘크사육은 크게 증가한 것으로 나타났는데 이는 녹용 생산량과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 생각되어 앞으로도 이런 추세는 계속되리라 생각된다. 사슴의 확보방법은 자가 생산(51%), 외부구입(30%) 등이었으며 사슴의 외부 구입 시에는 유통업자를 통한 구입이 대부분으로, 이에 대해 많은 양록가들이 불만족을 표시하여 공신력 있는 기관이나 단체의 역할이 필요한 것으로 생각된다. 3. 양록가들이 양록 현장에서 느끼는 가장 어려운 점 중의 하나는 사료조달에 관한 것으로, 주 사료로는 많은 양록가들이 일반 배합 사료를 구입하여 먹이는 것으로 조사되었으며, 사슴 전용 사료 이용은 28%에 불과하여 우리나라 실정에 알맞은 전용 사료의 개발이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 조사료로는 주로 볏짚, 알팔파건초, 섬유질사료, 떡갈잎 등을 먹이는 것으로 나타나 조사료의 대부분이 수입에 의존하는 품목인 바 우리나라 고유의 조사료 개발에 대한 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각된다. 4. 양록업을 통한 조수입은 3천만원 이하가 대부분(80%) 이었으며, 양록 생산비 중 사료비가 차지하는 비중이 57%로 사료의 대부분을 수입에 의존하고 있는 우리나라의 현실을 감안할 때 사료비 절감을 위한 대책들이 시급히 강구되어야 한다. 5. 양록업의 당면과제 및 애로점에 대해서는 사슴 및 녹용을 이용한 다양한 가공품 개발 미흡, 녹용판매 및 사료조달의 어려움, 과학적 사양관리 체계 개발 미비 등을 지적하여 정부와 학계의 합리적인 정책 수립 및 체계적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각된다. In this study, current status of domestic deer farms and its feeding were surveyed. The information of supply and demand of feed f3r deers including its industry were also examined and then analyzed to make fundamental data for deer farms and government policy. The results are as follows. 1. Over 40 years old farmers were about 63% of total deer farms while 20­30 years olds were less than 1% indicating that young people still evade agriculture. Moreover, considering education, over 52% of the farmers have bachelor degree showing much higher rates compared to the other agricultural fields. The reason can be assumed that the labor burden is not serious in deer farming while it is not dirty job compared to the other livestock management. Those high­educated people can be easily trained as experts of deer farming to improve its international competition. 2. Most of investigated farms raise Korean spotted deers and Elk showing that the percentage of Elk has greatly increased(However, many farmers have complained about purchasing methods and they insisted that the sales organization should be controlled by government). 3. 57% of total cost of production is for feed while most of feeds are imported from abroad. It indicated that it is urgent to make counterplan for saving feed cost. 4. It is necessary to develop feeds for deers in the near future while most of the examined farmers currently use normal assorted feed. Typical roughage sources feeds are rice straw, alfalfa hay, browses feed, and so on. Most of them are currently imported except the rice straw indicating urgently needed to develop domestic bulky feed. 5. The present questions are development of processed goods of velvet antler, establishment of reasonable management system, difficulty of velvet antler selling, feed supply, and so on. It is necessary for government and academic world to develop reasonable policy and scientific research program.

엘크 녹용의 물성 특성에 관한 연구

성시흥,한진희,김영민,김병국,Sung, S.H.,Han, J.H.,Kim, Y.M.,Kim, B.K. 한국축산환경학회 2007 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구에서는 녹용의 상품성 향상을 위한 건조 및 포장방법의 개발, 녹용의 유통체계 확립 및 녹용 수요의 다변화에 대처하기 위한 기초연구로 엘크녹용의 물성 특성을 규명하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 압축응력은 생녹용 중심부의 경우 상대 $60.73\;g/mm^2$, 중대 $145.65\;g/mm^2$, 하대 $260.97\;g/mm^2$, 벨벳층은 상대 $70.67\;g/mm^2$, 중대 $811.90\;g/mm^2$, 하대 $3,235.52\;g/mm^2$ 건녹용 중심부의 경우 상대 $190.43\;g/mm^2$, 중대 $445.81\;g/mm^2$, 하대 $705.86\;g/mm^2$, 벨벳층은 상대 $734.01\;g/mm^2$, 중대 $1,238.40\;g/mm^2$, 하대$ 4,134.03\;g/mm^2$ 였다. 2. 전단응력은 생녹용의 경우 상대 $50.24\;g/mm^2$, 중대 $294.44\;g/mm^2$, 하대 $423.47\;g/mm^2$, 건녹용은 상대 $124.14\;g/mm^2$, 중대 $367.69\;g/mm^2$, 하대 $425.86\;g/mm^2$ 였다. 3. 인장응력은 생녹용의 경우 상대 $13.59\;g/mm^2$, 중대 $62.85\;g/mm^2$, 하대 $112.07\;g/mm^2$, 건녹용은 상대 $77.24\;g/mm^2$, 중대 $175.87\;g/mm^2$, 하대 $184.06\;g/mm^2$ 였다. 4. 녹용을 건조할 경우 수분증발과 수축, 표면경화 등의 조직 변화에 의해 물리적 성질이 변화하며 중심부는 상대에서 하대로 갈수록, 벨벳층부는 하대에서 상대로 갈수록 물리적 변화가 크게 나타났다. 5. 엘크(Elk(Cervus canadensis))녹용은 생물체의 뿔이라는 특성상 생장점의 위치에 따른 응력의 크기변화가 크게 나타났다. In this study, physical properties of Elk antler was investigated to develop the optimum drying and packaging methods for improving the antler quality as well as deal with diversify of demand. After the antler was sliced with 5 mm thickness, and the compressive, shear, and tensile stresses were measured at the center and velvet parts of pre-dried and dried antlers after the contained water rate of the dried antlers was maintained below 10%. The results are as follows. 1. Considering the center of pre-dried antlers, the compressive stresses were $60.73\;g/mm^2$, $145.65\;g/mm^2$, and $260.97\;g/mm^2$, respectively at the upper, middle, and lower parts while $70.67\;g/mm^2$, $811.90\;g/mm^2$, $3,235.52\;g/mm^2$, respectively for velvet layer. Considering the center of dried antlers, the compressive stresses were $190.43\;g/mm^2$, $445.81\;g/mm^2$, and $705.86\;g/mm^2$, respectively at the upper, middle, and lower parts while $734.01\;g/mm^2$, $1,238.40\;g/mm^2$, $4,134.03\;g/mm^2$, respectively for velvet layer. 2. For the pre-dried, the shear stresses were $50.24\;g/mm^2$, $294.44\;g/mm^2$, and $423.47\;g/mm^2$, respectively, and $124.14\;g/mm^2$, $367.69\;g/mm^2$, and $425.86\;g/mm^2$, respectively for the dried antlers. 3. The tensile stresses were $13.59\;g/mm^2$, $62.85\;g/mm^2$, and $112.07\;g/mm^2$, respectively for the pre-dried and $77.24\;g/mm^2$, $175.87\;g/mm^2$, and $184.06\;g/mm^2$, respectively for the dried antlers. 4. In the case of drying antlers, the physical characteristics of the antlers was. changed such as moisture evaporation, contraction, and surface hardening. For the center part, the changes of the physical characteristics were more significant at the lower part while at the upper part for the velvet layer. 5. The stress changes of Elk antlers was shown very remarkably according to growth point. Moreover, the stress was clearly higher at velvet layer part to the center part, base parts compared to the upper parts.

농용트랙터의 로터리 驅動을 위한 油壓 시스템 개발(I)

최규홍,성시흥 建國大學校 附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1992 農資源開發論集 Vol.17 No.-

油壓을 이용한 트랙터용 로터리 油壓구동 방식을 제작하여 각종 제어장치와 作業機와의 적용 가능성을 導出하기 위하여 기존 로터리 시스템의 角 변위를 이용한 Torsion-bar 方式과 병행하여 깊이 제어 시스템을 작동한 상태에서 작업했을 때의 엔진 회전속도, 로터리 회전속도를 비교 분석한 결과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 1) 트랙터 엔진의 회전속도의 변화는 경운부하 제어 장치를 作動했을 때와 하지 않았을 때의 평균적인 rpm 변화차는 거의 없었으나 作動하지 않았을 때의 최저 rpm 변화폭이 作動했을 때보다 크게 나타나는 경향이었다. 2) 로터리 토크의 변화는 作業의 정도를 해치지 않는 範圍에서 경운부하 제어 장치의 感度를 40(kg/cm2)로 調節하였기 때문에 경운부하가 제어 장치 작동시와 미작동시의 토크 變化는 거의 없었다. 3) 로터리의 회전속도 變化는 트랙터의 주행속도가 增加함에 따라 減少하는 반비례 關係로 나타났고, 경심, 토양조건의 영향으로 크게 나타났다. 4) 경운부하 제어장치는 급격한 부하로부터 기체를 보호할 수 있어 기계 보호 측면에서는 필요한 것으로 생각되었으며, 기계에 무리를 가하지 않고 작업의 정도를 해치지 않는 범위에서 경운부하 제어장치의 센서 感度를 맞추어 작업하여야 할 것으로 생각된다. In order to conduct the characteristics of hydraulic rotary and the effective adaptability of tilling load control device I assumed the field test with producing hydraulic rotary and load control device. To compare of interrelation and work fine degree of tractor engine rpm variation according to working speed of rotary and rotary torque, rpm variation. The result of the study are summarized as follow: 1. Tractor engine rpm analysis Engine rpm changed very seriously due to the travel speed, PTO rpm and average rpm variation value showed less when work load control device operated than it operated. But the phenomenon of a sudden fall or change could not be seen. 2. Rotary torque analysis Because torque change very widely according to work condition, field condition that is travel speed of tractor, PTO rotation speed, depth, hardness of soil, the humidity and phiscal, chemical condition. I controlled the sensitivity (operating torque; 40kg/cm2) of tilling load control device so I could not find the change of torque when load control device operated and not operated. 3. Rotary rpm analysis rpm variation appeared in inverse proportion when the tractor's travel speed increased it decreased, and it changed greatly by affection of depth and soil condition average rotation speed increased more when depth control device operated than when it not operated. 4. On cultivation work with operating cultivating load control device, tractor and cultivator can be avoid abrupt load so that in the aspect of machine protection I think that the load control device is absolutely need.

주요 農機械의 所有性向과 選好度에 관한 調査硏究 : On the Chung Buk Chung Won Area 忠北 中原地方을 중심으로

成始興,崔圭洪,李承奇 建國大學校 附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1990 農資源開發論集 Vol.15 No.-

To obtain the successful results of agricultural mechanization project, it is important to estimate the demand based on the accurate trend of ownership of agricultural machinery. To present the basic data on the changes of demand of agricultural machinery, the change of ownership trend and their preferences by the change of internal and external condition of domestic agriculture were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The farm house, having one or two sorts of machines, showed the combination form centered on the power tiller, on the other hand, the farm house having more than three sorts of machines centered on the tractor. 2. The large scaled farm house showed the combined system of several kind of machines, and centered on the integrated work. 3. Up to now, the principal machine for the agricultural mechanization has been power tillers, however it is estimated that tractors will become the principal machine by the tendency of large size and high efficiency. 4. It is expected that the demand of the large-size machines, such as tractor, combine and transplanter, will be continuously increased, therefore it is thought that the multilateral studies should be done for the enhancement of their utility. 5. The economic analysis for the purchased agricultural machines should be done before purchased the machines.

트랙터의 로터리 驅動을 위한 PTO 시스템과 油壓驅動 시스템의 性能 試驗에 關한 硏究

成始興,崔圭洪 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1993 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

엔진 회전속도 변동에 따른 PTO 회전수, PTO 토크, PTO 출력 및 연료 소비율을 측정하여 기계식과 유압식의 동력 특성을 비교, 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 기계식, 유압식 모두 엔진의 회전 속도가 증가할수록 PTO 회전수는 증가하는 경향으로 나타났으며, 기계식이 변속단수 변동에 따른 엔진의 회전속도 폭이 안정적으로 나타난 대 반하여 유압식은 다소 크게 나타났다. 2) 엔진의 회전속도가 증가할수록 기계식, 유압식의 토크는 반비례 관계로 나타났다. 3) 최대 출력은 기계식의 경우 PTO 1, 2, 3단 순으로 나타난 데 비하여 유압식은 PTO 3, 2, 1단 순으로 나타나 PTO 변속 단수가 증가될수록 출력도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 연료 소비율은 기계식, 유압식 모두 엔진의 회전수가 증가됨에 따라 연료 소비율은 어느 일정한 회전수 부근에서 최소가 된 후 다시 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 5) 유압구동 로터리의 효과적인 이용을 위해서는 유압펌프가 항상 고속으로 회전할 수 있도록 로터리는 어느 일정 회전속도를 유지시켜 작업하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 6) 유압식의 경우 유압펌프의 회전속도가 증가함에 따라 출력 및 연료 소비율이 향상되는 성으로 나타나 기계식에 비하여 효율이 크게 뒤떨어지지 않아 실용화의 가능성이 큰 것으로 생각되었다. The speed of revolution, the PTO torque, the PTO output power, and the specific fuel consumption caused by the variation in the revolution of an engine speed were measured. Therefore, the overall dynamic performance of the hydraulic PTO system was compared and analyzed with that of mechanical PTO system. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Both RPM of the hydraulic PTO and that of the mechanical one increased linearly as the engine speed increased. The engine speed from the variation of a mechanical type was saftly and small changed, but that of a hydraulic type was high changed. 2) Both torques of the hydraulic PTO system and those of the mechanical one decreased linearly as the engine speed increased. 3) The maximum power of the mechanical PTO system was the highest at the first gear of the mechanical one followed by the second one and the third one. However, that of the hydraulic PTO system was at the third gear followed by the second one and the first one. It means that the output power of a hydraulic PTO system increased as the variable PTO gear was increased. 4) After the specific fuel consumption decreased gradually to the specific point, which was required the lowest fuel consumption, then it increased as the engine speed increased. 5) To utilize effectively the hydraulic drive system, this system needs always to be kept revoluting constantly at an engine speed for hydraulic pump to rotate at the high speed. 6) The output power and the specific fuel consumption were improved by using the hydraulic system as the revolution of the engine speed was increased. The performance of hydraulic system was not significant of that of mechanical system. Therefore a hydraulic PTO system, which is convenient for a machine attached it to control automatically, would be utilized in future.

農作業中 安全事故의 農機械保管實態 調査硏究(忠北中原地方을 中心으로)

成始興 건국대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

To obtain the basic data on the safety counter measure, maintenance and storage of agricultural machinery, the farm work accidents, maintenance and its storage condition in Chungwon area of Chungbuk province were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The distribution of accidental ratio was proportional to the operation time of machines. 2. In the aspect on distribution of accidents by operation, the power tiller and tractor showed highest value which is 61.3% and 59.4%, respectively, in the operation of conveyance and traveling, the binder and transplanter showed highest value which is 88.4% and 86.9%, respectively in the operation of preparations, and the combine showed highest value in the operation of maintenance. 3. The accidents by carelessness of handling account for 45.9% of all accidents, and the unskilled operation and poor maintenance occupied 29.7% & 10.8%, respectively. 4. The expensive machines such as tractor, transplanter and combine were mostly stored in the warehouse, and 64% of powertiller was beeped outdoor. 5. When the machines were stored relatively long period, 60% of powertillers was stored without maintenance, and on the contrary, binder, combine & dryer were stored after maintenance. 6. Since the accidents of agricultural machinery were mostly caused by the personal mistakes, a comprehensive counter measure in the aspect of education, control and skill should be established.

고추 乾燥機 開發을 위한 고추의 適正 乾燥方法에 관한 基礎 硏究

成始興,吳聖根 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 1994 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.5 No.1

Drying method, the characteristics of dryer, which are currently used to dry a red pepper, were surveyed and analyzed to design and analyze an economical red dryer. Based on the results of this research the following conclusions were made: Drying by red pepper dryer was the most popular drying method(49.0%) surveyed from the farmhouse distribution according to drying method. After primary drying, secondary drying was widely performed. The larger area was cultivated the red pepper by farmer, the more dryer was used to dry it. Besides the smaller area was, the more warehouse drying was. From drying temperature according to the drying periods, the lower initial input temperature was, the lower initial temperature was. While the initial input temperature was passing to the final drying, initial temperature was inclined to be higher. The drying time and temperature were not constant. The number of mean drying day according to the drying methods were 13.8, 3.7∼5, and 1.7 for natural drying, house drying, warehouse drying, and dryer respectively. The dryer should spread far and wide in future, because red pepper drying was difficult in bad weather for drying red pepper. An economical red pepper dryer should be developed as soon as possible.