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고혈압 환자에 대한 이베사탄의 혈압강하효과 및 안전성을 평가하기 위한 양측 눈가림, 무작위 배정, 에날라프릴과의 비열등성 4상 임상시험
김광일,배장환,강현재,서선예,김상현,오세일,채인호,조주희,김명아,김효수,손대원,오병희,박영배,최윤식,박병주,이명묵,Kim, Kwang-Il,Bae, Jang-Whan,Kang, Hyun-Jae,Suh, Sun-Ye,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Oh, Se-Il,Chae, In-Ho,Zo, Joo-Hee,Kim, Myoung-A,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Sohn 대한임상약리학회 2003 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.11 No.2
Background: Irbersartan, an orally active antihypertensive agent, effectively reduces blood pressure by blocking angiotensin II receptors without any significant adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to compare the antihypertensive efficacy, safety and tolerability of irbesartan and enalapril in hypertensive patients. Methods: In this two centers, double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority study, the efficacy, safety and tolerability of once-daily irbesartan(150mg) versus once-daily enalapril(10mg) were evaluated over 8 weeks in 67 patients who had diastolic pressure between 95mmHg and 114mmHg on two measurements. If trough sitting diastolic blood pressure was equal to or greater than 90mmHg after a 4-week treatment period, the dosage for both study drugs was doubled until the end of the study. Baseline pressures, antihypertensive effect, side effects, laboratory findings were compared before and after treatment. Results: Data from 57 of 67 patients were eligible for intention to treat analysis. After the 8 weeks treatment with dose titration, mean reductions in peak sitting diastolic blood pressure were 11.9mmHg(95% confidence interval 7.61 -16.13) with irbesartan and 10.9mmHg$(95%\;confidence\;interval\;7.05{\sim}14.70)$ with enalapril. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in the percentage of patients achieving an effective blood pressure reduction or in the degree of change in mean systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure. Safety profiles were also similar between treatments. Conclusions: The antihypertensive efficacy of once-daily administration of irbesartan is non-inferior to that of enalapril in hypertensive patients. Both irbesartan and enalapril are well tolerated with similar safety profiles.
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The e-Trade Settlement System and Banks' Role and Countermeasures
임용택(Yong-Taek Lim),왕궈안(Gua-An Wang),서선예(Sun-Yea Sea) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2004 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.4 No.2
The environment of international trade has taken a sudden turn with the introduction of the e-Trade system, At present the e-trade system is very restrictedly usedthe collection of market information, credit inquiry, transactions and so on. This limited application of the e-Trade may result from the absence of linkage among the parties concerned in the e-trade system,<br/> It is said that the precondition for a develop a new system that can fully<br/> which wi1l take some time. Korean enterprises and banks. however. still depend upon the established off-line transaction method and are in the primary stage of e-trade.<br/> Most of the studies on the application and activity of the e-trade settlement system like Bolero and Trade Card have been made from the perspective of the government and they are related to the constructions of the infrastructure and the suggestions for policy makers. complete success of e-trade is to support the e-Trade settlement,In Korea. banks maintain friendly relations with companies in trade transactions and enjoy the advantage of their brand value. global financial networks. and customers' confidence over their competitors.<br/> Through the e-trade settlement system. banks can get a lot profits not only from their services in the e-trade system. but also from other related services. They can enjoy the opportunity to strengthen their customer relationship and handle additional commodities or services. They will protect themselves with the system from the inroads into their markets by non-bank financial service providers or technology companies.<br/> Our paper deals with the problems of the e-trade and its settlement system from the perspective of banks and enterprises. What roles will the banks have toplay to expand the e-trade payment system? How will they cope with the difficulties resulting from the changes of the trade environment.<br/> <br/>
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