벼 키다리병 감염 및 발병에 대한 자포니카 벼 품종별 생리적 차이 구명

상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),이현석 ( Hyun Suk Lee ),이민희 ( Min Hee Lee ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),이점호 ( Jeom Ho Lee ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.2

Rice bakanae disease caused by the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, is one of the most important rice diseases and distributed widely in Asia. Infected seedlings are elongated, more slender and slightly chlorotic when compared to healthy seedlings by the secretion of gibberillic acid(GA3) from the fungus. But resistant responses of rice culivars was unknown yet. The objective of this study is to compare the response of different cultivars of rice to infection with bakanae and treatment with gibberellic acid. Resistance evaluation of 33 rice varieties against Fusarium fujikuroi was conducted in field seedling test. Finally, Two resistant cultivars(Nampyong, Saenuri) and thirty-one susceptive cultivars(Hopum., etc) were selected. And the length of the elongated seedlings was measured, and the percentage of death of the seedlings after infection was also counted. The disease symptoms such as leaf dryness were appeared in the ``Nampyeongbyeo`` from 30 days at the concentration of 104pores/㎖culturing at 30℃ and then the other varieties withered 20 days after seeding. And susceptive cultivar was more faster than resistant cultivar in seed germination and stem elongation. Thus, a significant correlation might be found between the length of the seedling treated with GA3 and disease injury by bakanae fungus. This study indicated GA related genes might be important resources for improvement of bakanae resistance in rice breeding programs.

자포니카 초다수성 벼 보람찬의 질소이용효율 동태 분석

상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),이현석 ( Hyun Suk Lee ),이민희 ( Min Hee Lee ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),이점호 ( Jeom Ho Lee ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.2

Productive agriculture needs a large amount of expensive nitrogenous fertilizers. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crop plants is thus of key importance. This experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, physiological utilization efficiency in high yield japonica rice ‘Boramchan’ under variable nitrogen levels. Field experiment was conducted at the research farm in National Institute of Crops Science (NICS), Iksan, Korea during 2012∼2013. Four nitrogen levels (0 kg ha-1, 45kg ha-1, 90kg ha-1 and 135kg ha-1) and three Japonica rice varieties (Boramchan, Hopum and Honong) formed the treatment variables. Nitrogen use efficiency of rice cultivars ‘Boramchan’ was 47.7, nitrogen uptake efficiency was 1.3, and physiological N use efficiency was 31.3 in high nitrogen level. And when 135kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer were applied compared to the standard rate of 90kg ha-1, yield and plant dry weight of Boramchan were increased than the others dramatically mainly due to higher number of panicles per m2. Especially Production efficiency(yield/total nitrogen taken up), physiological N use efficiency, agronimic N use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index are higher in ‘Boramchan’ than in the others. In addition, N derived from fertilizer(NDFF) and partitioned N to panicle from fertilizer(PNPF) of ‘Boramchan’ was higher than the others in high nitrogen level.

연구보문 : 자연과학; 남부평야지에서 추석전 수확을 위한 벼 생태형별 이앙시기 설정

박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),김영두 ( Tae Seon Park ),남정권 ( Young Doo Kim ),박태선 ( Kwon Jeong Nam ),김보경 ( Bo Kyeong Kim ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2013 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

The price of newly harvested rice before Chusoek, the autumn festival celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, is high. However it is difficult for farmers to decide transplanting date with specific cultivars for shipping newly harvested rice before Chusoek because the dates for Chuseok holiday is changing every year based on the Lunar Calendar. This study was conducted to provide farmers a table of rice transplanting dates for each maturity groups by calculating heading dates and ripening periods. The earliest transplanting region were estimated in Daegu and Changwon on April 16, and the latest region was Bonghwa on May 13 when the average temperature for 7 days from transplanting exceeding 15oC. For the early maturity group, days to heading from transplanting were 76 and 57 days when they transplanted on May 10 and June 25, respectively. Average temperatures during the periods were 22.1oC and 25.9oC, respectively. However, accumulated temperature was higher in the earlier transplanting due to longer growing days. For the medium maturity group, days to heading from transplanting were 95 and 72 days when they transplanted on April 21 and June 4, respectively. Average temperatures during the periods were 20.3oC and 24.7oC, respectively. For the mid-late maturity group, days to heading from transplanting were 108 and 82 days in April 20 and May 23 transplanting, respectively. Average temperatures during the period were 21.5oC and 24.0oC, respectively. As the rice growing is available from May 10 (above 16oC) in southern plain area of Korea, rice growers who transplant on May 10 can sell their newly harvested grain as soon as possible from on September 11 with early maturity group, September 24 with medium maturity group, and October 4 with mid-late maturity group.

연구보문 : 자연과학; 벼 무논점파 재배시 입모 향상을 위한 물관리 방법

최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),최원영 ( Weon Young Choi ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),김보경 ( B 한국국제농업개발학회 2013 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

Water management and weed control in rice direct seeding on puddled paddy surface is important for seedling establishment and early growth. To develop management method for enhancing seedling stands and weed control, three experiments were conducted with rice variety Hopum (midmaturing) at experimental station of National Institute of Crop Science, in Iksan in 2010-2011. In experiment 1, germinated rice seeds were sowed on 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after puddling to find the optimum drying days of paddy surface. The average numbers of seedling stands in 2 and 3 days drying were 117 and 114 per m2, respectively, and those were higher than in the 1 and 4 days. Plant height and root length were increased as drying up to 3 days, but decreased in the 4th day. In experiment 2, non-irrigation and intermittent irrigation started 2, 4, and 6 days after seeding were evaluated. The average numbers of seedlings in intermittent irrigation from 2 and 4 days after seeding were 117 and 113 per m2, respectively. The seedlings in irrigation after 6 days was 92 per m2, and 84 per m2 in non-irrigation. Shoot lengths were highest in the irrigation treatments of 2 days and 4 days after seeding. In experiment 3, herbicide was treated on 10, 12, 14, and 16 days after seeding. Rice seedling and root length was increased in the later herbicide treatments. Weeds were not occurred until the 12 days, but observed in the later two treatments. According to these findings, drying paddy for 3 days after puddling, intermittent irrigating after 2 days from seeding, and herbicide treatment on 12 days after seeding is recommended for direct seeding on puddled paddy surface.

연구보문 : 자연과학 ; 호남평야지에서 벼 무논점파 재배시 적정 파종기 구명

최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),최원영 ( Won Young Choi ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),김보경 ( Bo 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

To recommend optimal rice seeding date for direct hill seeding on puddled paddy surface in Honam plain area, Hopumbyeo (Oryza sativa L.) was seeded 6 times by 10-day interval from April 30 to June 19 in 2009 and 2010. Seedling stand was the highest in two seeding dates, May 20 and May 30, and other seeding dates showed acceptable seedling stand except April 30. Tiller numbers at panicle formation stage were increased up to May 30 and decreased thereafter. Heading date of the seeding on May 20 and May 30 were August 19 and August 23, respectively, and the seeding on June 19 was August 31. In 2009, panicle numbers per m2 was the highest in the seeding on May 20 and decreased in the later seeding dates. However, the seeding on June 19 showed the highest panicle number and the others were not significantly different in 2010. Number of grains per panicle was the highest in the first planting date and was decreasing as seeded later. Milled rice yield was the largest in the seeding date of May 20 in 2009, and in the seedling date of May 30 in 2010. The head rice ratio was increased up to May 20 and similar in the later seeding dates. Protein content was lower in earlier seeding dates. According to the above results, the optimal seeding date of direct hill seeding on puddled paddy in Honam plain area was considered to be May 30. The last seeding date related to the limit date of safe heading was June 19.

남부평야지 이모작에서 벼 무논점파 재배시 파종기에 따른 생육 및 수량

강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),이민희 ( Min Hee Lee ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),최원영 ( Won Young Choi ),김보경 ( Bo Kyeong Kim ),이점호 ( Jeom 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

Field experiments were conducted to identify the safe seeding date for rice wet hill direct seeding on puddled paddy surface after barley or wheat cultivation in Honam plain area. Two Korean bred-cultivars, Unkwangbyeo (early maturing) and Dongjin2 (mid-late maturing), were seeded 4 times by 10-day interval from May 25 to June 25 in 2012 and 2013. Seedling stand decreased as seeded later, but it was in optimal range in all the seeding dates. Heading date of the last seeding of Unkwangbyeo on June 25 was August 28, and the last seeding of Dongjing2 on June 25 was September 2, which was within the limit date of heading (September 3). Panicle numbers per m2 were not significantly different until the third seeding on June 15, but it decreased in the seeding date on June 25. Number of grains per panicle decreased as seeded later. Milled rice yield and head rice ratio was also decreased as seeded later, and were the lowest in the last seeding date on June 25. Protein content of Unkwangbyeo was similar regardless of seeding dates, but it increased at later seeding dates in Dongjin2. According to the above results, the seeding date would be recommended within June 25 for Unkwangbyeo, June 15 for Dongjin2 in wet hill direct seeding on puddled paddy in Honam double cropping area.

벼 품종간 엽 생장속도 차이가 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Ku Kang ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),이민희,박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),이점호 ( Jeom Ho Lee ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.1

This experiment was conducted to compare emergence rate on main culm leaf among cultivars having similar heading date and to evaluate the effects of leaf emergence rate on growth and yield of rice. During 2009~2011, five early maturing rice cultivars(Unbong, Namweon, Jinbu, Unkwang and Sangju), four middle maturing rice cultivars(Seojin, Ganckeok, Hwayeong and Kwangan) and four middle-late maturing rice cultivars(Daecheong, Ilpum, Ilmi and Nampyeong) were transplanted at three different dates from May 16 to June 15 in Iksan region. Number of leaf emerged on main culm increased as heading date delayed, but some rice cultivars having similar heading date showed noticeable difference in emerged leaf number. In transplanting on May 16, the early maturing cultivar, Jinbu, had 1.2 leaf more than Unbong which had similar heading date. Similarly middle maturing cultivar, Kwangan, had 1.6 and 1.4 more emerged leaf than Hwayoung and Gancheok, respectively. As transplanting date delayed, leaf number emerged on main culm decreased in general dates, but some cultivars get increased leaf number in late transplanting dates. Consequently, it was difficult to get a constant rate in leaf number corrected with transplanting date. Cultivars having more emerged leaf number generally had increased dry weight at heading stage, and it is postulated that the increase in dry weight was more contributed by prolonged growth duration than by leaf emergence rate. In transplanting on May 16, early maturing cultivars, Unbong, Namweon and Jinbu showed significant yield decrease compared to yield in transplanting on June 15 because of high temperature during ripening stage, but Unkwang showed least reduction in yield. In transplanting on June 15, middle-late maturing cultivars, yield of Daecheong showed significantly reduced compared to that in transplanting on June 1 because of low temperature during ripening stage, but Ilmi and Nampyeong showed slight reduction in yield.

등숙기의 차광 처리에 의한 광합성능 및 쌀 수량 변화

이민희(Min Hee Lee),강신구(Shin-Gu Kang),상완규(Wan-Gyu Sang),구본일(Bon-Il Ku),김영두(Young-Doo Kim),박홍규(Hong-Kyu Park),이점호(Jeom-Ho Lee) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2014 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.41 No.4

최근 육성된 고품질 벼 품종인 보람찬, 호품 및 호농을 공시하여 질소 시비량(9, 18 kg/10a) 및 출수 직후 차광처리(50, 70%)에 의한 등숙기 일조부족이 광합성 특성 변화와 수량 및 수량구성형질 등에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 등숙기 차광처리에 의해 Fv/Fm 및 SPAD값은 차광률이 높을수록 그 감소율이 적었으며, 질소 시비량을 증가에 따른 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 다른 품종과 달리 호농의 경우 18 kg 처리시 자연광에서 자란 시료에서도 감소율이 완만하게 나타났다. 2. 등숙기 차광처리에 의해 천립중과 수량은 차광에 따라 감소하였고, 차광률에 따라 더 높은 감소율을 보였다. 천립중은 세 품종 중 보람찬이 가장 많이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 차광 70% 처리시 질소 시비량의 증수에 따라서 감소율이 더 급격히 나타나 등숙기 일조부족에 질소질 비료의 추가시용은 비효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 3. 등숙기 차광처리시 백미 단백질 함량은 증가하였고 50% 차광 보다 70% 차광에서 높았으며, 호농이 보람찬 과 호품에 비해 단백질 함량의 변화가 적었다. 4. 등숙기 차광처리시 아밀로스 함량 변화는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 호농이 보람찬과 호품에 비해 변화가 적었다. 5. 등숙기 차광처리에 따른 쌀의 품위 분석 결과 보람찬과 호품은 차광에 의해 완전립 비율이 차광율 70%일 때 64.8-70.9%로 크게 감소하였는데 이는 분상질립의 증가로 인한 것으로 판단된다. Light intensity is one of the most important requirements for plant growth, affecting growth, development, survival, and crop productivity. Sunlight is the main energy source on Earth which is energy used by photosynthesis to convert light energy to chemical energy. In this study, the light use efficiency and photosynthetic characteristics of high-quality rice cultivars were evaluated after shading on ripening stage. For the study, we treated of three levels of shade (0, 50 and 70%) on rice at ripening stage and two levels of nitrogen (9 and 18 kg/10a) used three high yielding rice cultivars, such as Boramchan, Hopum, and Honong. The shade was given for the respective plots from heading up to harvesting. We were performed to determine growth survey, SPAD and chlorophyll fluorescence every 10 days interval after shading on ripening stage. At harvest stage, grain yield and yield components were determined. Results of analysis of the results representing the maximum photosynthetic efficiency of PSII, Fv/Fm, and SPAD were decreased by depending on the time at full sunlight. But shade treatments were not changed and a significant difference among cultivars did not appear. Compared with the full sunlight, shade treatments significantly delayed ripening rate and decreased rice quality of cultivated rice. Therefore, rice yield, can be reduced in proportion to the shading density is apparent, the rate of decrease was not observed difference between varieties, when protected from light 70%, and decreased to less than 50%. The adverse effects of low light intensity on the yield and yield components were not able to significantly minimize by the nitrogen level.

호남평야지 청보리-벼 이모작에서 벼 폿트묘 적정 재식밀도 구명

강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),이민희 ( Min Hee Lee ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),이점호 ( Jeom Ho Lee ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimum planting density for rice pot seedling cultivation by machine transplanting in forage barley-rice double cropping system in Honam plain area. Field experiment was conducted at research field of NICS in Iksan in 2012 and 2013. Rice seedling of Chinnongbyeo (mid-late maturing) was raised for 30 days in pot-seedling tray (448 holes) and conventional tray, and transplanted on June 10 in both years. Planting densities of pot seedling were 50, 60, 70, and 80 hills/3.3m2. Conventional tray seedling was transplanted as control at a planting density of 80 hills/3.3m2 on June 10. Tiller number per m was increased as planting density increasing, but stem diameter was decreased. Heading dates of pot seedling plots were August 19 except 80 hills/3.3m2, which were 2 days earlier than the control. Culm length, number of panicle, panicle length, and ripening grain ratio were higher in pot seedling compared to the controls, but 1000-grain weight showed no significant difference. Milled rice yield was significantly different between planting densities. The highest grain yield was 543kg/10a in 60 hills/3.3m2 of pot seedling, and it was 5% higher than its control (518kg/10a). Head rice ratios of pot seedlings and the controls were not significantly different in both transplanting dates.

기후변화에 대비한 한국에서 벼 2기작 재배에 관한 연구

구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Ku Kang ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),이민희,박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),이점호 ( Jeom Ho Lee ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of rice double cropping in Korea by assessing the growth and yield performance of rice cultivars transplanted at the extremely early and late dates. When transplanted rice confront with low temperature below 0℃, the survival rate decreased drastically, so we can judge that earliest transplanting was possible when low temperature escape from 0℃. Heading date, July 4, of Jinbuolbyeo was faster 2~3 days than those of Dunaebyeo. If rice has not get cold damage, the earliest heading date of Jinbujolbyeo can advance to June 30 or July 1. Therefore, it can be possible to harvest on August 5 after heading on later June or early July, and to transplant on August 10. But if transplanting delayed until August 10, the yield of second rice cropping decreased drastically owing to low temperature during ripening stage. In second rice cropping from late July to early August, ripening were relatively good until transplanting on August 5. So we can judge transplanting of second rice cropping should be performed before this season. In transplanting on July 30, cumulative temperature between heading and first frosting was 853°C and ripening was in appropriate level, but in transplanting on August 10, heading was delayed by low temperature, so ripening was finished below 800℃ and rice yield decreased drastically. For appropriate ripening and rice yield, it is necessary that cumulative temperature of ripening duration between heading and first frosting is over 800°C. In transplanting of second cropping, the heading time were located in middle 10 days of September, so we can presume that rice double cropping is possible in regions which have more ripening temperature over 800℃ from middle 10 days of September. The regions in which ripening is possible in heading on September 10 were Jeju island, plain area of Jeonnam and Kyungnam province and some plain area of Jeonbuk province. In this region, we should review comprehensively the possibility of rice double cropping and other cropping system with another crops to increase income and productivity of land.