상수원의 오염에 대한 식물플랑크톤의 오수생물학적 연구 - 만경강 상류 하천 및 저수지를 중심으로 -

최민규,김백호 ( Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1994 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Phytoplankton community and its physicochemical parameters were investigated at three reservoirs and four streams in the upper part of the Mankyeong River System from July, 1993 to June, 1994 on seasonal interval. Totally, 322 taxa were classified and composed of 33 families, 82 genera, 263 species , 52 varities and 7 forma Among them, 135 taxa of Bacillariophyceae was the highest record during this study. Total standing biomass of 1.11×10 exp (7)cells/㎖ was enumerated, and the high peak was in summer as 3.16×1010 exp (7)cells/㎖(28.5%), and also, reservoirs more higher than streams in biomass. Melosira granulata was much dominated and totally, 4.9×10 exp (5)cells/㎖ was counted As a whole, nine taxa of fourth species including Cyclotella meneghniana in streams and five taxa with Melosira varians in reservoirs were also domianted Synedra ulna and Melosira granulata were distributed either at stream or reservoirs. Species diversity indices(H` ) were showed the maximum at station 5 as above 2.0 without seasonality and the lowest at station 6 and 7 as below 1.0 in spring and summer. Similarity indices among sampling stations were the peak as 0.58 between station 4 and 5, the lowest between station 6 and 7 located at the same stream. In view of correlation between biological and physicochemical conditions at three reservoirs, station 3 and 6 were more related with organic nutrient, in other hand, station 7 was dependent with physicochemicals such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen. And also, water qualities of station and 6 with regard to total biomass of the major dominant species were ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic, while station 3 on summer and autumn was eutrophic. The degree of pollution tolerance scores(PTS) was ranged from degree 1 to 4 Several bioindicators newly introduced, three common species were Melosira granulata, Synedra ulna and Melosira varians. Two taxa of Gomphonema olivaceum and Cyclotella meneghniana were showed only in degree 2, and also, two taxa of Achnanthes subsalsa and Melosira italica var. tenuissima were distributed only in degree 3. Microcystis aeruginosa was well dominated at eutrophic state as below degree 3. From this above results, we may evaluate the degree of water quality based on bioloical and physicochemical conditions that station 1 in summer and autumn was oligotrophic state as degree 1, station 3 in summer and winter was α-mesosaprotrophic as degree 3, and totally showed β-mesosaprotropnic as degree 2.

Feeding Behavior of One-year-old Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, on Dominant Phytoplankton During a Summer in the Enclosure of Shallow-hypertrophic Lake

최민규,김백호,Choi, Min-Kyu,Takamura, Noriko,Kim, Baik-Ho 한국하천호수학회 2000 생태와 환경 Vol.33 No.4

수심이 얕은 부영양호수에서 우점하는 식물플랑크톤에 대한 1년생 백련어의 섭식특성을 조사하고자, 1997년 5월 23일부터 9월 18일까지 호수의 연안에 4개의 enclosure를 설치하고, 어류투입 이후의 각 enclosure수중과 어류의 장 내용물 중의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 변화를 비교하였다. 조사기간동안 각 enclosure의 수온, 플랑크톤의 총생물량, 어류 아가미의 여과공 등은 시간에 따라 른 변화가 없었으며, 어류성장은 주로 투입된 어류의 밀도에 의존되었다. 어류의 내용물에 의하면, 저밀도 투입 enclosure에서 수중과 어류 전장간의 플랑크톤군집의 유사도가 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 전체적으로 모든 enclosure에서 크기가 큰(>$100,000{\mu}m^3$) 식물플랑크톤-Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Melosira등은 어류투입이후 크게 감소되지 않았다. 어류의 먹이선택지수(${\alpha}$)와 플랑크톤의 크기 (Ingestion unit)사이에도 매우 낮은 상관성을 보였다(r = 0.001, p>0.5). 식물플랑크톤의 분석결과, 백연은 남조나 녹조에 비해 규조를 더 선호하였는데, 이는 규조의 세포벽이 다른 조류에 비해 소화과정동안 쉽게 파괴되지 않고, 저배율의 현미경적시야에서도 간단히 확인된다는 점 등,선택지수를 과대평가하게 되는 단점이 있기 때문에 백련어의 먹이습성에 대한 방법론적 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다. The feeding behavior of 1-year-old silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.) on phytoplankton species in a shallow hypertrophic lake was studied from 22 May to 18 September, 1997. Over the experimental period, the filter-pore sizes of the fish, the total biomass of the phytoplankton and the water temperature in each enclosure changed little with time. The fish biomass in each enclosure increased with time, while their percentage of weight gain correlated negatively to the stocking density, due perhaps to competition for prey. An analysis of gut contents of silver carp showed a strong similarity between the algal communities in the foregut and the water, and was significant for the fish enclosure with a low density (p<0.05). The presence of silver carp rarely suppressed the abundance of phytoplankton such as Oscillatoria, Anabaena and Melosira even at high ingestion levels. There were weak relationships between the IU values of each phytoplankton and the selectivity of fish on them (r = 0.001, p>0.5). There was no doubt that the silver carp fed unselectively when cyanobacteria populations were high, even though the selectivity index for diatoms was slightly higher than those for cyanobacteria, green algae and cryptomonads. Improvements in methodologies are needed to clearly understand and generalize the feeding behavior of silver carp.

Fine Structure of Blue-green Algae, Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing

최민규,김백호,문연자,정연태,이종빈,위인선,Choi, Min-Kyu,Kim, Baik-Ho,Mun, Yeun-Ja,Chung, Yeun-Tai,Lee, Jong-Bin,Wui, In-Sun Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1996 Applied microscopy Vol.26 No.4

In order to understand the morphological differences between two different organic loadings by its upstream, and to compare with other algal groups with references, the fine structure of blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa Kitzing, taken from two branches, Tongbok and Bosung stream of Lake Chuam, Korea pennisula was examined. It showed extinct differences in most physicochemical factors between both branches, except water temperature and pH values. The concentrations of total phosphorus in Tongbok branch were twice as those of Bosung. M. aeruginosa cells were enumerated totally $1.2X10^4cells/ml$ and these individuals in branch of Tongbok were close to two times as much as Bosung. In light and electron microscopy, natural M. aeruginosa colonies formed irregular shape and non-directional array in amorphous matrix. They were consisted of many kinds of cells, youngs or olds in cell division, solitary, and various size of cells. Each cell ranged from 2.61 to $5.40{\mu}m$ in diameter, and averaged as $3.54{\pm}0.19{\mu}m$. In cytoplasm, they contained a number of inclusions in various size, shape and appearances. Among them, polyhedral bodies or carboxysomes, a structured granules, photosynthetic lamellae or thylakoids, and gas vacuoles were prominent and easy to recognize. Although it was failed to find the definable morphological variations in the ultrastructure of M. aeruginosa in terms of algal habitual environments, some useful characters were founded, outer layer of cell wall, polyhedral bodies and gas vacuoles, in blue-green algal classification and taxonomy. 주암호의 유입하천중 이화학적 조건이 서로 다른 보성천과 동복천에서 채집된 남조 Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing의 미세구조에 대한 형태학적 관찰을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 수온과 pH를 제외한 다른 환경요인들은 두지점간에 큰 차이를 보였다. M. aeruginosa의 광학 및 전자현미경적 관찰 결과, 세포는 부정형 군체를 형성하며, 투명한 점액질로 싸여 있었다. 세포는 난형 또는 구형에 가깝고, 크기는 $2.61{\sim}5.40{\mu}m$의 범위로서, 평균 $3.54{\pm}0.19{\mu}m$였다. 세포질내에는 많은 다양한 구조물을 가지고 있으며, polyhedral bodies(carboxysomes), polyphosphate, cyanophycin granules 외에 photosynthetic lamellae와 gas vacuoles 등이 비교적 뚜렷하였다. 두 채집장소간의 형태학적 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 영양염류 수준이 높은 표본에서 polyphosphate와 cyanophycin granules이 숫적 증가를 보였다. 세포분열은 이분법으로 초기에 정중앙부의 좌우로부터 합입이 일어났으며, 주로 세포벽의 제1층과 제2층이 관여하였다. 세포벽의 외부층은 크게 두가지 형태의 filaments층이 잘 발달되어 있었다.

주암호의 식물플랑크톤의 출현과 동태

최민규,김백호,정연태,위인선 ( Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim,Yeun Tai Chung,In Sun Wui ) 한국하천호수학회 1994 생태와 환경 Vol.27 No.1

A short-term survey was carried out to understand the species composition and standing biomass of phytoplankton in Lake Chuam, where severe the eutrophication have took place on summer, 1992. Totally 130 taxa of phytoplankton were collected and consisted of 6 classes, 10 orders, 7 suborders, 23 families, 55genera, 116 species, 13 varieties and 1 forma. Phytoplankton compositions in each class were divided in 57 taxa of Chlorophyceae (43.8%), 44 taxa of Bacillariophyceae (33.9%), 20 taxa of Cyanophyceae (15.4%), 6 taxa of Euglenophyceae (4.6%), 2 taxa of Dinophyceae and 1 taxa of Chrysophyceae. The composition of species and standing biomass was reached to maximum, 72.31% and 42.67% at Site 3, respectively. Dominant species were Microcystis aeruginosa (51.65%), Melosira granulata (4.96%). The next major phytoplankton except these two species were ceratium hirundinella, Eudorina elegans, Anabaena flos-aquae, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Coelastrum microporum, Coelasphaerium kuetzingianum, and staurastrum paradoxum var. longipes. These groups were 73.1% of total biomass. And also, species diversity was high at Site 3 throughout the sampling times. Coelastrum-Coelasphaerium-Eudorina-Staurastrum assemblages were much distributed in centering of Site 3, the upper part of lake, inflowed sufficient nutrient from many tributaries. Especially, the high frequency (2.7% of totals) of Staurastrum paradoxum var. longipes was very interesting and new to Korea. In physicochemical factors, suspended solids, electric conductivity and chlorophyll a were reached the maximum, 34.5mg/l, 103μhmos/Cm, 6.7mg/m^3 only at Site 3 in June, closely associated with green algal assemblages. But other data were not showed any relationship between biological and physical conditions of phytoplankton community. The above mentioned results indicate that Lake Chuam has a wide range from eutrophic to oligotrophic state according to Hutchinson(1967), and divided into two regions, Site 1,2 and Site 3 in a view of phytoplankton distribution and biomass and its environmental condition. We conclude that Site 3 was in situation of considerable organic pollution.

퇴적물내 coprostanol을 이용한 진해만의 도시하수오염 평가

최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),문효방 ( Hyo Bang Moon ),김상수 ( Sang Soo Kim ),박종수 ( Jong Soo Park ) 한국수산과학회 2005 한국수산과학회지 Vol.38 No.2

N/A Surface sediment samples from 31 stations in Jinhae Bay were analyzed to evaluate the pollution by sewage from the spatial distribution of the fecal sterol, coprostanol. The sums of eight sterols (coprostanol, epicholestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol. cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) were in the range of 2,703-27,154 ng/g dry weight. The concentrations of the coprostanol in the sediments, which is a good tracer of sewage-derived organic contamination, were in the range of 76-3,964 ng/g dry weight. The levels of coprostanol were much higher (almost one order of magnitude) at stations close to the big cities such as Masan and Jinhae. However, those levels were comparable to or lower than those previously reported in other foreign locations. Some ratios of coprostanol to other sterols and multivariate analysis could provide us with the information on the origin of the sterols being from sewage, plankton, and/or benthos. Those showed sewage dominance at the stations near the cities Masan and Jinhae, plankton dominance at the center of Jinhae Bay and mainly marine fauna origin at the mouth of Jinhae Bay. These results suggest that the contents of sterols and some ratios of these components are quite powerful tracer for the detection of the origin of the organic contaminants in the coastal environments.

연구보문 : 벼 무논직파 재배시 완효성비료 적정시비량

최민규 ( Min Kye Choi ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),이경보 ( Kyeong Bo Lee ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),최원영 ( Won Young Choi ),고재권 ( J 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

벼 무논직파재배시 시비노력 절감 및 쌀 품질을 향상시키기 위하여 2008년 및 2009년에 완효성비료 질소 시비량을 달리하여 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 쌀수량과 완전미 수량은 관행질소시비량(9 kg/10 a) 대비 80% 수준인 완효성비료를 10 a당 질소 7 kg을 시용하였을 때 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 2. 완효성비료를 10 a당 7 kg정도 시용하면 관행시비(9 kg/10 a) 보다 백미의 단백질함량이 낮아졌다. 3. 완전립 비율은 완효성비료를 10 a당 9 kg을 시용하였을때 유의성은 없으나 관행시비(9 kg/10 a)에 비해 약간 낮았으나, 7 kg/10 a을 시용하였을 때는 관행시비에 비해 높은 경향이었다. 따라서 남부지역에서 벼 무논직파 재배시 벼 생육, 완전미 수량 및 쌀 품질 등 을 고려해 볼 때 완효성비료의 적정 시비량은 10 a당 7 kg정도였다. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness and optimum rate of the slowreleasing fertilizer (SRF: N-P2O5-K2O = 18-12-13%) for drill seeding on flooded paddy surface by large scale direct drill seeding machine in Honam plain area in 2008 and 2009. To set the optimum rate of the SRF, three levels of nitrogen rate such as 5, 7, and 9kg/10a were compared with conventional compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 9-4.5-5.7) application method as basal fertilization, top dressing at tillering stage, and at panicle initiation stage. Yield of milled-rice and head rice response to 7kg/10a rate of SRF were statistically insignificant to the results of conventional fertilization. These results indicate that the amount of nitrogen applied can be reduced by 20 % without reducing the grain yield and quality level. When using 7kg/10a of SRF, the protein content became lower and head rice ratio became higher than that of conventional nitrogen split application method. Considering rice growth, head rice yield and rice quality, the optimum amount of slow-releasing fertilizer was estimated 7kg/10a for direct drill seeding on flooded paddy surface in southern plain area.

연구보문 : 계화 간척지 숙답화에 따른 적정 인산시비량과 쌀 수량

최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),이준희 ( Jun Hee Lee ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),이경도 ( Kyung Do Lee ),백만기 ( Man Ki Back ),백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),박태선 ( Tae Sun Park ),최원영 ( Won You 한국국제농업개발학회 2010 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

중국 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 전반적 서비스 품질과 서비스 성과와의 구조적 관계 연구

최민규(Min-Kyu Choi),최석범(Seok-Beom Choi),김영성(Young-Sung Kim) 한국무역학회 2011 貿易學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

金安國의 「慕齋家訓」편찬과 宗法的 가족윤리

최민규(Choi, Min Kyu) 역사실학회 2018 역사와실학 Vol.66 No.-

본고는 16세기 초반 조선 중종 대 인물인 김안국의 「慕齋家訓」을 통해서 宗法 질서 보급 노력과 그 성격을 파악하는 것이 목적이었다. 김안국은 종법을 사회적 교화의 수단으로 이해하고 가훈서 역시 마찬가지의 역할을 할 것이라 보았다. 김안국은 가훈서를 편찬하면서 향촌 사회 내부의 처신 문제에 집중한 만큼, 그의 가훈서는 재지사족의 생활양식을 대변하는 재지사족적인 가훈서였다. 그는 가훈서에서 理의 보편성에 입각하여 인륜과 명분의 절대성을 강조함으로 현실에 있는 지배질서를 옹호하려고 했다. 그는 인륜이 실현되는 장으로 가족을 상정하였다. 이 때 가족을 규율하는 기초로서 부자관계의 특성을 성리학적 효론에서 찾음으로 수기 · 수양의 종법적 가족윤리를 제시하였다. 김안국이 종법적 가족윤리를 내세운 것은 교화의 주체로 격상하고자 하는 재지사족의 의도를 반영하고 있는 것이었다. 김안국은 종법적 가족윤리를 내세우면서 제사를 중심으로 가족을 결속하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적에서 김안국은 『朱子家禮』의 時祭를 제시함으로 종법이 강조하는 종자 중심의 의례 주재권을 통해 가족 구성원 내부의 위계질서를 세우고자 한 것이었다. 그는 이러한 위계질서가 향, 국에도 적용될 수 있는 것으로 보았다. 이는 곧 그의 가훈서가 향촌 사회 내부에 재지사족 중심의 질서를 달성하고, 나아가 국가권력을 장악하기 위한 기초적 토대로서 가족을 상정하고 있음을 보여준다. 결국 김안국의 「모재가훈」은 16세기 초반 가족 · 종족이라는 혈연적인 유대에 입각한 상하 · 존비의 위계질서를 향촌 사회 및 국가권력에 일관되게 관철시킬 수 있다는 발상에서 비롯된 가훈서라고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this research study is to understand, through 「Mojaegahun」or 「Mojae Family Precept」of Kim, An-kook, a prominent figure who lived in the period of the reign of Jungjong, the 11th king of the Joseon Dynasty in the early sixteenth century, the efforts to pervade the orders of clan rules, and the characteristics that clan rules have. Kim, An-kook took clan rules as the means for social reformation, and considered that family precept book would also serve as such means. Given that he focused on the problem with the situations within village society, while compiling a family precept book, it can be said that his family precept book assumed the characteristic reflecting the lifestyle of local noble family. In the family precept book, he attempted to advocate the established rules and orders, emphasizing the absolution of human relationships and moral obligations, based on universalism of reason. He adopted family as the road to human relationships. Here, he began to have the insight on the characteristics of father-son relationships as the basic foundation for family regulations, relying on the Confucian concept and logic of filial duty, in a bid to provide self-control and discipline-based clan family rules. Kim, An-kook promulgated clan rules-based family ethics, which reflects the intention of local noble family to raise it as the subject of reformation. He meant to reinforce family ties, with the main focus on ritual ceremony, advocating clan rules-based family ethics. For such a purpose, Kim, An-kook held Sije (the time of ritual ceremony) of 『Jujagarye』 in an attempt to establish hierarchical orders among family members through the rights of the ritual ceremony which is led by the eldest son of the clan family. He considered that those hierarchical orders can be applied into local and national regions. This shows that his family precept book accomplishes local noble family-centered orders within village society, and furthermore presents family as the basic foundation for national power. In conclusion, 「Mojaegahun」or 「Mojae Family Precept」of Kim, An-kook can be said to be a family precept book which was caused by the idea that hierarchical orders in pursuit of relationship between subordinates and superiors, and discrimination according to social class based on blood connections and ties in the early sixteenth century could be applied consistently into village society or national power.

고층 건물의 전기설비부문 화재 대응 방안 연구

최민규(Choi, Min-Kyu),조재형(Cho, Jae-Hyoung),이병하(Lee, Bung-Ha),오민혁(Oh, Min-Hyuk),김환진(Kim, Hwan-Jin) 한국화재소방학회 2005 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.추계