국가재난의료체계에 대한 정책적 고찰

백홍석 한국응급구조학회 2003 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Due to major disasters Korea has been damaged, and they caused lots of casualties: for last ten years natural disasters caused 1288 deaths including missing people; human disasters including industrial disasters brought as many as 4,512,148 casualties (126,372 deaths with 4,385,400 injuries); and they cost 44.1 trillion property damage. However, even though major disasters have brought about tremendous human loss and property damage, Koreas National Disaster Medical System to rescue casualties if insufficient, and it has not been activated. Fortunately, through major disaster management process, the National Disaster Management System has been developed, increasing its own efficiency, and resulting in to organize an Office of Firefighting and Prevention of Disasters under the central government. Considering the value of human lives, the disaster medical part, in the U.S.A. as well as in Korea, must have an independent organization in the government, not as one sector of the government department. It will have its own organizational structure, such as disaster planning, operation, and logistics, and interact with central and local government or between local government agencies. So each agency will cooperate and supply resources interchangeably. Also, with the system of disaster management and restoration, the disaster medical system must be advanced in keeping step. Its role must be extended due to the possibility of biological terror or SARS around the world, resulting in severe casualties. Korea has the Emergency Medical Service System based on the regulation of emergency medical care, yet it is a part of the National Disaster Management System. It must be managed independently apart from it. As we see the emergency medical technicians playing as the backbone in disaster medical care in the US, we should have legal foundations for Koreas emergency medical technicians, emergency medical providers, to participate in rescue operation actively. At the same time, we need to have a national register system to classify disaster medical resources, and a total plan to place resources according to the impact of disaster, and how to organize teams. We also need to draw up a scheme to activate civil disaster medical resources as integrating public and private or voluntary organizations.

응급 이송환자의 급성질환군과 사고부상군과의 특성 요인 분석

백홍석 한국웰니스학회 2010 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

병원 전 응급의료서비스의 적절성 및 유용성 평가

백홍석,박상섭 한국웰니스학회 2011 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.6 No.2

서울시 消防救急車서비스 需要 決定要因

백홍석 한국응급구조학회 2008 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.12 No.3

우리나라 구급의료지도체계 실태 및 강화 방안

백홍석 한국웰니스학회 2019 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of fire emergency medical direction system in Korea and to provide an opportunity to look at reality through strengthening of current emergency medical services. For this study, statistical yearbook of 119 emergency services provided by the fire department, related literature survey and telephone consultation were analyzed. As a result, there is no significant difference in the number of emergency care instruction items compared with 10 years ago, and therefore, the present medical direction contents are not greatly changed, and only the legal strengthening of the medical director system exists. Therefore, in order to provide high-quality first aid services economically and efficiently as in the case of the United States, it is required to strengthen the standard of emergency care on the site prepared by the legal medical director, and the range of legal emergency care. 본 연구는 우리나라의 소방 구급의료지도체계의 실태 조사와 함께 현재의 구급 서비스의 강화 방안을 통하여 현실을 돌아볼 수 있는 계기를 마련하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 소방청에서 제공되는 119 구급서비스 통계연보 및 관련 문헌 조사 및 전화 상담 등을 통하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 10년 전과 비교하면 응급처치 지도 항목의 수에는 큰 차이가 없으며, 따라서 현재의 의료지도 내용은 크게 달라진 것이 없고 단지 구급지도의사체계의 법적 강화만이 존재한다. 지도의사에 의한 응급처치 지도 항목들은 응급의료에 관한 법률에서 규정된 1급 응급구조사가 의료지도 없이도 능히 할 수 있는 항목들로써, 미국의 경우처럼 중증 응급환자 발생 시 직접 의료지도 및 간접 의료지도인 프로토콜에 의한 전문심장소생술(ACLS) 및 전문외상소생술(ATLS)에서 사용할 수 있는 다양한 응급 약물 등의 투여 등을 시행할 수 있는 시기는 요원해 보인다.

응급의료체계의 개선방안에 관한연구 : 응급구조사의 역할을 중심으로

백홍석 서울保健大學 1996 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

Emergency Medical Service System is an organized medical operation which provides quality emergency care at the right time to the right victim. So the role of the emergency medical technician (EMT) must actively work as an efficient care-giver. Unfortunately, there has been no clear guiding principle about the EMT's role in Korea. This study developed the role of the EMT by three stages : 1. The role of medical telephone counseling Emergency Medical Service Center has a nervous system which dispatches mecical information by means of telecommunication. So the telephone counselor must be trained both medically and technically, because the one gives pre-arrival instructions to lead the victim's relatives. The one also needs appropriate counselling skills, as well as sorting out various information systematically. The telephone counselors in Korea do not have medical orientation, so they must be replaced gradually by EMT's. 2. The role of prehospital care In the field the EMT evaluates the scene of accident and the victim, sets up priority of care, initiates life-support procedures, and transports the victim without hesitation. The one must open channel to the victim's relatives, hospital medical team, and other rescue workers. 3. The role of hospital care There have been problems because poorly trained EMT's tend to leave the hospital without complete transferral. The EMT must not leave the victim untill the one reports medical conditions of the victim to the hospital's medical staff. He/she writes "pre hospital care report," and hands over the victim's properties. The EMT must be an active member of the hospital's emergency team.

한국과 일본의 구급실태 비교연구

백홍석 한국응급구조학회 2004 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.8 No.1

한국과 일본의 소방 구급 출동 및 구급인력 규모 비교 연구

백홍석,Baek, Hong-Seok 한국응급구조학회 2019 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to compare and analyze statistical data on 119 ambulance runs and ambulance crew, which are the components of the emergency medical services system in Korea and Japan. Methods: Data from National Fire Agencies of both Korea and Japan were collected and statistically compared. Results: With regard to the ratio of 119 ambulance runs, Korea's ratio has been gradually and continuously growing beyond that of Japan (Korea 4708.11, Japan 4706.47) since 2014. The ratio of firefighting ambulances in Korea was 2.59 ($2.59{\pm}0.10$), and was 4.76 ($4.76{\pm}0.12$) in Japan. The ratio of 119 ambulance crews in Korea was 15.55 ($15.55{\pm}2.03$), and was 47.24 ($47.24{\pm}1.06$) in Japan. Among the ambulance crews, the ratio of paramedics was 33.81 ($33.81{\pm}5.85$) in Korea and was 38.86($38.86{\pm}4.10$) in Japan. Conclusion: The ratio of 119 ambulance runs in Korea has already exceeded that of Japan, but the numbers of 119 ambulance crews and paramedics qualified for special emergency treatment are still insufficient. Therefore, supply and demand policy that promotes the development of the firefighting ambulance service system is necessary.

지역적 특성에 따른 서울특별시 구급출동 수요실태

백홍석,박상섭 한국보건기초의학회 2008 한국보건기초의학회지 Vol.1 No.2

셀룰로오스/NMMO(N-Methylmorpholine N-Oxide) 용액의 제조조건에 따른 섬유 물성의 변화

백홍석,박종수 한국섬유공학회 1993 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.30 No.8

When cellulose was dissolved in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide(NMMO)/water solution without an antioxidant, the degree of polymerization(DP) of cellulose was lowered with dissolution time elapsed due to oxidative degradation. The DP of cellulose was rapidly reduced at elevated temperature. However, the reduction of DP could be somewhat prevented by adding propylgallate as an antioxidant to cellulose solutions. The effect of dissolution time on the physical properties of regenerated cellulose fibers was also investigated. As the dissolution time increased, the birefringence and the degree of ciystallinity of regenerated cellulose fibers decreased. The increase of the dissolution time also led to the reduction of mechanical strength and modulus due to the reduced DP. The infrared spectra of the prepared fibers showed an intermediate character between pulp and viscose rayon. The mechanical strengths and moduli of the cellulose fibers spun from cellulose-NMMO solutions regardless of the addition of antioxidant were greater than those of viscose rayon. It was attributed to a dry-jet/wet spinning technique which was different from the conventional viscose process. This technique made possible the extrusion of cellulose solutions of higher DP and the molecular orientation due to the elongation flow in the air gap. The cross-section of cellulose fiber produced from NMMO solvent system was round type like the high tenacity viscose rayon. The birefringence of the regenerated cellulose fibers was similar to that of high modulus rayon.