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裵貞龍 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1982 아시아여성연구 Vol.21 No.-
From the age of Three kingdoms (The time when Korea was divided into three parts, under the sovereignties of Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla, A.D. 2C-7C) throughout Koryo and Yi dynasties,(the two most popular and conspicuous Korean, women's hair style were) $quot;Eunjun Meuri$quot; and $quot;Ttaeun Meuri.$quot; However, along the tendency of sumptuous moods of the society the extravagant and luxurious hair styles of the women during the middle of Yi Dynasty eventually brought on the public criticism in connection with their social and -moral abuses. It was the middle of Yi Dynasty when such prevalence, of unpleasant customs reached to its climax. In that period of Korean history there was a remarkable historical effort concentrate-1 in pursuing particular Korean value and performance through the critical spirit against the reality. In such social thoughts, the increasing tendency of luxury of women's hair style at last caused to the enforcement of Proclamation of Prohibiting Women's Wig by King Youngjo and King Jeungjo (A.D. 1725-1800). Due to this government regulation, the hair style of women, $quot;Eunjun Meuri$quot; was replaced by $quot;Jok Meuri.$quot; The hair styles of the women during the period of middle and latter part of Yi Dynasty were variously beautified, and they may be classified into $quot;Daesoo,$quot; $quot;Ceudumi,$quot; $quot;Euyumi,$quot; $quot;Eunjun Meuri,$quot; $quot;Jok Meuri,$quot; $quot;Jojim Meuri,$quot; $quot;Saeng Meuri,$quot; $quot;Chopji Meuri,$quot; and $quot;Ttaeun Meuri,$quot; etc. The hair styles were chiefly purposed and adapted to as follows: $quot;Daesoo$quot; and $quot;Geudumi$quot;: A formal hair style only restricted queen and the court ladies for their ceremonial purposes. $quot;Euyumi$quot;: The particular hair style applied to married princesses, wives of royal families and wives of high ranking civil and military offcials. $quot;Eunjun Meuri$quot;: A basic hair style of Korean women broadly applied with wigs of natural human hair braided and rolled up on the top of the head. $quot;Jok Meuri$quot;: This hair style was created in place of $quot;Eunjun Meuri$quot; which was prohibited by the government in a measure against the luxurious moods of the society during and after middle part of the dynasty. The style was formed by braiding hair plait and rolled it up to place at the rear side of head fixed by hair pin. Coming into latter part of the dynasty, this hair style became gradually popular among the distinguished ladies of the court and noble lines, and eventually become general hair style of Korean women. $quot;Jojim Meuri$quot;: This is a kind of wig chiefly used by the court maids. The style was a form of $quot;Jok Meuri$quot; for the read- side of head and pinned on the top of head a marked ribbon indicating her position (or rank, status.) $quot;Chopji Meuri$quot;: This hair style indicates the women's ranks applied to queen and wives of royal families and high ranking officials. The style was $quot;Dare Meuri$quot; and queen attached on her hair of head with a mark of Chinese Pheonix while others wore frog marks on their hair of heads. $quot;Saeng Meuri$quot;, Originally this hair style was commonly used by maidens. However, coming into latter part of the dynasty the young court ladies applied it for their hair style. The style showed as a braided plait rolled up and placed on the top of head wearing a purple hair ribbon. $quot;Ttaeun Meuri$quot;: This is the basic and most popular hair style of Korean maidens. The style of hair is a pigtail extended long on the backward, braiding a plait of hair. Other hair styles: The old records of Korean women's hair style:? furthers $quot;Tamakye,$quot; $quot;Kulkye,$quot; and $quot;Nangja Ssangkye,$quot; etc., but it is not apparent to know whether they were popular or not in Korea. However, one thing is apparent that the style weree once prevailed in China, therefore it might had been applied among Korean women in the past. The variously typed hair styles of Korean women as described above had been simplified gradually toward the end of Yi Dynasty. By then, the beauty of hair styles of those wives of royal families and high ranking officials become rather simplified while queen's hair style for ceremonial purpose remained unchanged. Usually, the hair style appled in ordinary daily life of not only common women but also that of queen was $quot;Jok Meuri.$quot; The tendency toward the simplification of Korean women's hair style in those days was likely due to the serial government effort in regulations on the hair styles and difficulties of the economical situations of the end of Yi Dynasty. Summing up, it can be classified into two styles of hair of Korean women since the age of Three Kingdoms that the married women applied to $quot;Eunjun Mcuri$quot; while that of maidens were $quot;Ttaeun Meuri$quot; braided and pig tailed in one or two plaits.
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배정용,이정권 한국음향학회 1993 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.12 No.4
불규칙한 기하구조 및 기하학적 특이점들을 갖는 방사체에 의해 형성되는 음장을 예측하는 작업은 매우 어려운 일이다. 이러한 종류의 문제를 해결하기 위하여는 Seybert에 의해 제창된 내, 외부를 연성하여 해석하는 경계요소법에 의한 해석이 유용하다고 여겨지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연성경계요소법을 재 구성하여 예제로서 얇은 벽면을 갖는 개방된 관에서 방사되는 음장을 선택한 후, 이 방법의 신뢰성, 적용성 및 오차에 대한 해석을 해?ㄴ다. 외부 방사 문제에 있어서의 비유일성문제는 소외 CHIEF 기법을 도입하여 해결하였다. 두 개의 마이크로폰을 사용하여 신호처리를 통한 실험 결과와 본 경계요소법에 의한 결과는 서로 잘 일치하였다. 한편 경계면에 몹시 가까운 지점에서의 음장을 예측할 때의 오차 해석을 수행한 결과, 예측 오차가 10% 이내에서 유지되려면 경계요소법의 가장 짧은 변의 길이가 예측점과 벽면 사이의 거리보다 최소한 10배 이상은 커야함을 알아내었다. 이 기법은 기하학적인 특이점을 포함하는 각종 음향 문제에 매우 유효 적절한 방법으로 생각된다.
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박남식,배정용,황경석,김학용,최철식 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Leaks and meter under registrations are suspected as primary components of unaccounted-for water in Korea. Roughly, one third of the unaccounted-for water is believed to be due to meter under registration. However, no justification has been given to prove the statistics. In this study the rate of meter under registration due to failures of large-diameter meters is investigated. Replacement records of over 2600 consumer sites are analyzed. The minimum, the maximum and the probabilistic distribution of meter under registration rate are computed.
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박남식,배정용,황경석,김학용,최철식 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Leaks and meter under registrations are suspected as primary components of unaccounted-for water in Korea. Roughly one third of the unaccounted-for water is believed to be due to meter under registration. However, to date no justification has been given to prove the statistics. In this study the rate of meter under registration due to failures of large-diameter meters is investigated. Replacement records of over 2600 consumer sites are analyzed. The Minimum, the maximum and the probabilistic distribution of meter under registration rate was computed.
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허용누수량 산정기법을 이용한 상수도 배수관망의 건전성 평가
박남식,배정용 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 2002 硏究報告 Vol.26 No.1
First of all, we must know the condition of distribution system because of assessing the efficiency management. This paper was performed to Applicate the equation of UARL(Lambert, 1999) for domestic waterworks and to review of Leakage rate data. We computed infrastructure leakage index with minimum night flow of domestic waterworks. Assuming that 50% of minimum night flow is leakage. As a result, infrastructure leakage index varies from 3.78 to 18.45(average 10.36). In our water distribution system, A lot of leakage occur in pipe connection. Though Percentage of system input volume is simple method to appear system condition, it can't consider heart indicators of leakage rate which are length of pope, number of service connection, average pressure. So it is insufficient to judge between waterworks.
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