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초등학교 급식을 위한 고칼슘음식 개발과 영양사들의 칼슘공급에 대한 인식
장순옥(Soon Ok Chang),배선경(Sun Kyung Bae) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.10
학동기 아동은 신체 발육이 왕성하고 평생의 식습관을 형성하는 과정인 만큼 칼슘확보를 위한 다양한 시도가 필요하다. 본 연구는 우유나 유 가공품을 기피하거나 충분히 섭취하지 못하는 일부 아동들의 식생활을 보완할 수 있도록 학교급식에서 공급할 수 있는 고칼슘음식의 개발을 시도하였다. 이를 바탕으로 경기도 초등학교 영양사를 대상으로 칼슘영양 및 칼슘강화에 대한 인식과 개발된 칼슘급원음식의 수용도를 설문조사하여 분석하였다. 조사대상 영양사(총 118명)들의 90% 이상이 학교급식 식단구성에서 칼슘의 중요성은 잘 인식하고 있었다. 학교급식에서 우유공급은 79.7%의 영양사가 ‘매일’ 또는 ‘일부’ 한다고 응답하였다. 우유 외에 칼슘공급 음식개발의 필요성은 80%의 영양사가 인식하고 있었으나 실제 개발은 30% 수준이었다. 20종의 개발된 고칼슘 음식의 칼슘함유량이 1식당 학교급식 칼슘권장량을 초과한 음식은 3종이었으며 수용도 4점 이상(최고 5점)을 받은 음식은 2종으로 제한되었다. 참치추어강정, 무청김치치즈전, 치즈멸치볼, 무청갈비찜은 칼슘함량과 수용도 모두에서 우수하였다. 수용도는 연령에 영향을 받아 20대 영양사군에서 높았다. 칼슘강화식품에 대한 인식은 사용에 긍정적인 응답이 41.5%, 부정적 응답이 33.0%였다. 사용정도는 ‘사용한다’는 38.1%, ‘사용하지 않는다’는 응답이 48.4%에 달하였다. 칼슘강화식품에 대하여 대상자들은(70.3%) 잘 인지하고 있었으며 칼슘강화식품 사용의사에 대해서는 39.8%가 ‘있다’, 33.1%는 ‘없다’고 응답하였다. 칼슘강화식품에 대하여 20대군이 30대 이상 군에 비해 칼슘강화식품에 대한 긍정적인 생각과 높은 이용의도를 보였다. 학교급식에서 우유공급을 하지 않는 군이 공급 군들에 비하여 칼슘강화식품에 대해 더 긍정적 인식을 가졌으며 칼슘강화식품 사용정도와 이용 의도가 유의적이지는 않으나 높았다. 또한 칼슘공급 음식개발 필요성을 높게 인식하거나 많이 개발하는 군에서 칼슘강화식품에 대해 더 긍정적이었으나, 실제 사용 정도 및 이용의도에서는 차이가 없었다. To increase the intake of calcium in elementary school children, 20 high calcium dishes (HCD) were developed. The pictures of HCD with the calories, calcium content, and the price per serving were given for the evaluation of HCD to 118 school dietitians. Along with the evaluation, a questionnaire concerning the perception on calcium nutrient and calcium fortified foods (CFF), the use of school milk and CFF, and the need and their endeavor for HCD was administered. Over 90% of subjects were aware of the importance of calcium in school lunch menu and 80% of them recognized the necessity for exploring HCD, though their endeavor remained at a 30% level. HCD that reached the requirement of calcium for the school lunch was 3 and the preference response over 4 (maximum 5) was 2 HCD with better acceptance by younger subjects. 70.3% of subjects were aware of CFF and their response on them were diverse as a positive conception 42%, negative 33% and willing to use 40%, not to use 40%. The dietitians who provided school milk or willing to develop HCD were more positive to use CFF. These results indicate that school milk is the most important calcium source and further pursue for HCD and CFF is needed to achieve the calcium requirement for the elementary school lunch.
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조은숙,정은경,홍성란,김경선,배선경,노미선,박민기,박미순,서옥영 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2002 중앙간호논문집 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for prevention and management of the nursing accident through investigation of experiences, causes of nursing accidents that have happened in the facilitated hospital or medical center. For this purpose, A questionnaire survey was conducted to 169 registered nurses employed in 400 bed - C university hospital located in Seoul city from July 28 to August 6. The questionnaire was modified and added properly in addition of the method that the former researcher, Chung, Eun Sook, used. Cronbach's α=0.9328. The summary of research result is below. 1) The average score of overall experience level on nursing accidents is 1.78, in according to parts, obtained by 1.49 in the supervision of aid nurse, 1.70 in the supervision of patient care, 1.74 in the attention to doctor's prescription, 1.80 in observation and judgement on patient, 1.97 in maintenance of nursing record and patient's confidentiality, 1.99 in the education and practice of nursing skill. The higher level of nursing accident's experience was observed in the nonsupervised parts, compared with the pats supervised by doctor's prescription. 2) The most attributable casuse of nursing accident was reported to be the superimposed job, as much as 60.5%, in answer of the questionnaire. The factors of nursing accident in parts were noticed as the lack of nurse resources 34.5%, the poor perception of patient's state 39.9%, the infirm establishment of cooperation with doctor 30.3%, and the unsanitary and unstable environment of ward in hospital 50.6%. 3) In view of the reporting system on nursing accident, 76.2% of subscribers always reported the accident first to their chief nurse. The frequency in the time of accident were shown to be 66.7% in 24 hours a day, 11.35% during the day and 4.2% at night indicating the more occurrence at night. They accredited the responsibility of the accident to the nurse in chare 61.9%, the nurses worked on that duty 29.2%. 4) After the accident, the patronage's responses against the involved nurse consist of foul word 77.8%, physical assault 15.6% and accusation 14.4%. 5) The punitive measures that the hospital administration took against the nurses involved in the accidents consist of verbal discipline 46.4%, discipline in a form of paper 30.4%, transfer to other department in case of the big problem or the patronage harsh request 2.9% and resignation of their own will 2.2%. 6) The hospital adminisration took the preventive mesures scuh as the enlargement of nurse resources 90.5%, the improvement of hospital facility 49.7% and the reinforcement of nurse education 45.6%, against the nursing accident(multiple answer). Through this research, the author realized that the clinical nurses have fulfilled the activities difficult, responsible substantially and had the responsibility for all of the nursing accidents that happened while they were carrying out their duties. Nowadays in Korea, we are not able to provide the nurse resources to meet the legal rate(5 to 2) between patient and nurse. Furthemore, some factors that might give bad effect on supplying a good care to patient, such as the trends of lessening family members and increased female employment, is adding more danger to the unpredicted nursing accident. The author concluded that to prevent the nursing accident, every part of nursing deparment should recognize the necessity to administer the practical case-oriented education on nursing accident, while we put the first prionity on the strict sense of duty, responsibility of each nurse's own with which the assignment can be done on the basis of principle.
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