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강재 프레임 주택형 모듈러의 경제성 분석: 벽식구조인 도시생활형주택과의 사례비교를 통해
방종대,전주영,박지영,김종엽,김갑득,천영수,Bang, Jong-Dae,Chun, Chu-Young,Park, Ji-Young,Kim, Jong-Yeob,Kim, Gap-Deug,Chun, Young-Soo 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2014 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.5 No.4
노동집약적 현장중심의 습식공법의 한계로 인해 기술집약적이고 공장생산방식인 유닛 모듈러 공법이 주목을 받고 있다. 국내에서도 유닛 모듈러 공법을 개발하여 학교, 기숙사, 군막사 등에 활발히 적용하고 있으나 주거용 건축물에는 적용하지 못하고 있다. 그 이유는 거주성능에 대한 검증이 부족하고, 경제성에 대한 확신이 부족하기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구는 모듈러 공법의 기술발전과 주거용 건축물로의 적용을 활성화하기 위해 모듈러 주택의 경제성을 분석하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 건설원가만을 단순 비교했을 때 모듈러 주택의 건설원가는 약 6.2% 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 모듈러 주택의 장점인 공기단축이나 공장생산을 통한 생산성을 제고할 경우, 모듈러 주택의 건설원가는 벽식구조 주택과 비슷한 수준이 될 것으로 판단된다. The technology-intensive unit modular method of factory production method is attracting attention by the limit of the labor-intensive and field centered wet construction method. In recent years, the unit modular method has been applied to the construction of schoolhouse and BOQ(bachelor offices' quarters), dormitories, etc. But the modular method still is not used in housing construction by the lack of verification of resident performance and construction cost. Therefore, this study analyzed the economics of modular house to vitalize the constructed residential building by modular method and to develop the modular method. According to the study results, the construction cost of the modular house was analysed more about 6.2% expensive than that of the existing housing. However, if the construction duration of modular house is shortened or the productivity of modular house is increased, the construction cost of modular house will be similar to the that of the existing house.
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학교시설 건설공사의 작업분류체계 구축 및 단위작업별 선후행 관계 분석
방종대,손정락,Bang, Jong-Dae,Sohn, Jeong-Rak 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2017 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.8 No.3
The work breakdown structure and the precedence relations by work activity are very important because they are the basic data for estimating the construction duration in the construction work. However, there is no standard to accurately estimate the construction duration since the size of the school facilities construction is smaller than the general construction work. Therefore, some schools are unable to open in March or September and the delay of the construction duration can cause damage to the students. To solve this problem, this study developed a work breakdown structure of school facilities construction work and analyzed the precedence relations by work activities. The work breakdown structure of the school facilities construction is composed of three steps. The operations corresponding to level 1 and level 2 are as follows. (1) 2 preparatory work categories; preparation period and temporary construction. (2) 17 architectural work categories; temporary construction, foundation & pile work, reinforced concrete work, steel roof work, brick work, plaster work, tile work, stone work, waterproof construction, wood work, interior construction, floor work, metal work, roof work, windows construction, glazing work and paint construction. (3) 7 mechanic and fire work categories; outside trunk line work, plumbing work, air-conditioning equipment work, machine room work, city gas plumbing work, sanitation facilities and inspection & test working. (4) 4 civil work categories; wastewater work, drainage work, pavement work and other work. (5) 1 landscaping work categories; planting work. The work breakdown structure was derived from interviews with experts based on the milestones and detailed statements of existing school facilities. The analysis of precedence relations by school facilities work activity utilized PDM(Precedence Diagramming Method)which does not need a dummy and the relations were applied using FS(Finish to Start), FF(Finish to Finish), SS(Start to Start), SF(Start to Finish). The analysis of this study shows that if one work activity is delayed, the entire construction duration may be delayed because the majority of the works are FS relations. Therefore, it is necessary to use the Lag at the appropriate time to estimate the standard construction duration of the school facility construction. Lag is a term used only in the PDM method and it is used to define the relationship between the predecessor and the successor in creating the network milestone. And it means the delay time applied to the two work activities. The results of this study can reasonably estimate the standard construction duration of school facilities and it will contribute to the quality of the school facilities construction.
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저층·고층 아파트가 혼합배치된 단지에서 공기단축이 건설사업비에 미치는 영향 분석
방종대,천영수,전명훈,김사랑,이도헌,Bang, Jong-Dae,Chun, Young-Soo,Jun, Myoung-Hoon,Kim, Sa-Rang,Lee, Do-Heun 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2012 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.3 No.4
최근 도시 미관이 중요시 되면서 동일 아파트 건설단지 내에서 저층과 고층 아파트가 혼합배치되는 경우가 많아지고 있다. A공사에서 발주한 아파트 사업지구 중 고층 동들과 저층 동들 간의 층수 차가 4층 이상인 지구가 약 33%인 것으로 조사되었다. 일반적으로 아파트 공사의 공기는 단지 내최고층 동을 기준으로 산정한다. 이로 인해 전체 사업지구의 공사기간이 길어지고, 길어진 공기는 해당사업의 사업성에 나쁜 영향을 미친다. 그러므로 동일 단지 내 저층 고층 아파트 동들이 혼합 배치된 사업지구(이하 "혼합사업지구"라 한다)의 사업성 제고를 위해 일부 고층동 아파트의 골조공기를 단축해야 할 것이다. 그러나 혼합사업지구의 다양한 유형으로 인해 어떤 경우에는 공기단축이 사업성을 더 나쁘게 만들 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 유형을 갖고 있는 혼합사업지구의 골조공기 단축 여부를 판단할 수 있는 자료제공을 위해 혼합사업지구의 일부 고층동에 대한 골조공기 단축이 건설사업비에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 그 결과를 제시하였다. In case of Korean housing complex, there became more mixed arrangement of buildings with different number of layers for a variety of urban skyline, recently. For example, around 33% of the construction sites of 'A' public corporation have gaps of more than 4 layers between high-rise buildings and low-rise ones in the same site, according to the survey. Generally, construction duration of the housing complex is estimated based on the layers of the highest building. Due to this baseline, whole construction duration could be extended so that the project cost could be increased. Therefore, framework duration of higher-rise buildings should be reduced to secure the feasibility of the project. On the other hands, these shortenings could adversely harm the feasibility in some cases because there are a wide range of combinations of the buildings with different number of layers in designing housing complex. Therefore, this study shows the results of analysis on effects of framework time shortening on the cost in housing complex project. Moreover, this could set the baseline of checking possibilities in condensing the construction duration of projects with buildings of different layers by supplying comprehensive database.
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동절기 아파트 골조공사의 적정공기 산정에 관한 연구 - 기준층 사이클 공정분석을 중심으로 -
방종대,한충희,김선국,Bang Jong-Dae,Han Choong-Hee,Kim Sun-Kuk 한국건설관리학회 2004 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.5 No.6
공공 발주기관의 동절기 공사불능기간의 운영은 공사기간을 길게 하고, 건설사업비를 증가시킨다. 또한, 건설인력의 활용을 어렵게 하여 근로소득을 감소시킴으로써 국가 경제에도 나쁜 영향을 미친다. 그러므로 골조공사는 동절기에도 시행되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 동절기 골조공사는 평상계절과 동일한 속도로 진행할 수 없기 때문에 별도의 공기산정 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 공정메커니즘 분석을 통하여 동절기 골조 기준층 1사이클의 실작업일수를 구하고, 5년간의 달력 및 기상청 자료를 이용하여 동절기 5년 평균 비작업일수를 분석하였다. 분석된 실작업일수와 비작업일수를 통합하여 동절기 골조 기준층 1사이클의 적정 공기를 제안하고, 이를 실적자료와 비교하여 검증하였다. 본 연구결과는 동절기 골조공사의 공기산정에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Public construction companies have strictly followed a rule that they should not work in the wet area such as structural frame for a certain period during the winter season. It is usually known that the non-working period during the winter causes increase of the project duration, and the project cost escalation. Also, it makes negative effects on national economy because it reduces workers income. Therefore, the site work for the structural frame should be performed even during the whiter season. But the site work for the structural frame during that period cannot proceeds in the same way as during other periods, and requires a different method for estimating project duration. Through an analysis of time scheduling mechanism, actual working days are obtained for 1 cycle of typical floors in the structural frame during these periods, and non-working days of 5 years average are calculated based on calendar day using data of 5 years weather forecasts for that season. This study proposes an optimized way of estimating project duration for 1 cycle of typical floors in the structural frame during these periods. This estimating method uses the combined actual working days and non-working days of 5 years' average, and the estimated results are confirmed by being compared with field data. This study is expected to be used in estimating the construction duration of the structural frame during the winter season.
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공동주택 터파기 및 지정공사의 적정공기 산정을 위한 비작업일 산정기준과 비작업일수에 관한 연구
방종대(Bang, Jong-Dae),송상훈(Song, Sang-Hoon),조건희(Cho, Gun-Hee),손정락(Sohn, Jeong-Rak),김진원(Kim, Jin-Won) 대한건축학회 2015 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.31 No.7
Non-working day in the construction work is closely related with the construction duration and one of the most important factors in the process planning. Although most construction companies in domestic can accurately calculate working days, these companies are difficult to calculate exactly days of non-working because the calculation standard of non-working day is insufficient. Although previous studies have suggested the calculation standard of non-working day due to weather conditions, these studies didn"t provide a standard to determine whether the next day is working day or non-working day when it had much rain and snow. In this study, we proposed the new calculation standards of non-working day and days of non-working of 30 cities about the excavation and foundation works. The results of this study will be useful to estimate the proper construction duration for 30 cities. Also, these will be utilized to find start time for the profiTable construction duration in the same project of the same area. Finally, The results of this study will be helped to save construction cost and improve quality of apartment housing.
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