자유주제 : 김기림과 박인환의 여행의식 비교 연구

박호영 ( Ho Young Park ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2010 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.33

한국 현대시에는 여행시에 속하는 작품들은 많다. 1908년 현대시 출발 이후 식민지 상황이나 한국전쟁 등 비극적 현실을 체험한 시인들이 현실을 떠나길 염원한 데서 여행이 시인들의 의식 속에 깊게 자리잡은 까닭으로 풀이된다. 그 중에서도 여러 작품을 통해 여행의식을 보인 시인이 김기림과 박인환이다. 두 시인은 각각 식민지 상황인 1930년대와 전후 상황인 1950년대를 대표하는 모더니즘 시인이라는 점에서 여행의식도 비교할 만한 가치가 있다. 김기림은 기행시를 비롯하여 여행시를 많이 쓴 시인이다. 그의 언급에 의하면 세속적인 번루를 벗어나기 위해 여행을 했다고 한다. 그의 여행은 가고 싶지만 갈 수 없는 유토피아 지향의 성격을 띠며, 그 공간은 주로 `바다`로 나타난다. 그가 이렇게 바다로의 여행을 꿈꾸는 것은 현실이 만족스럽지 못하기 때문이다. 융의 말을 빌리면 `상실된 거모성`으로부터의 여행이 그의 여행이라고 할 수 있다. 이 상실된 거모성은 두 가지 측면에서 그 원인을 생각해 볼 수 있는데, 하나는 어머니와 누나, 부인과의 이별 내지 사별에서 오는 모성 콤플렉스의 결과이며, 다른 하나는 어린 나이에 떠나온 바닷가 고향에 대한 그리움과 조국 상실의 식민지 현실이 그것이다. 김기림의 여행이 유토피아 지향으로서의 여행이라면, 박인환의 여행은 행선지가 제시되지 않은 막연한 떠남이다. 그의 시에 빈번히 등장하는 `죽음`까지도 `영원한 여행`으로 인식할 때 `떠남`은 그의 시를 지배하는 정서라고 할 수 있다. 그의 인생관을 파악하기 위해 주목할 시어는 `거저`인데, 이것은 `아무 생각 없이` `별로 신기함 없이`란 뜻으로 무엇에도 특별한 의미를 두지 않으려는 그의 삶의 태도를 집약한 것이다. 인간의 존재방식이 자유로운 입장에서 선택하게끔 운명지어졌다는 실존주의적 사고의 반영이라고 할 수 있다. There are many travel poems in modern Korean poetry. This is derived from the fact that since the modern Korean poems began in 1908, those poets who had experienced the tragic reality of Japanese Imperialism and the Korean War had a strong desire to leave their reality and such a desire was deeply embedded in their consciousness. Among those poets, Kim, Gi Rim and Park, In Hwan specially showed their sense of travelling through various poems. As Kim represents the poets of the 1930s (the period of Japanese Imperialism) and Park represents the poets of 1950s (post-Korean War period), their senses of travelling deserve to be compared. Kim wrote numbers of travel poems. From what he said, he travelled to escape from the worldly troubles. His journey aims at the utopia where he wants to go but could not to go, and its destination is usually the `sea.` His dream on the journey to the sea is a result of the unsatisfactory reality. According to the theory of Carl Gustav Jung, Kim`s journey is originated from the `lost Motherhood.` His lost Motherhood seems to arise from two main causes. The first is the maternal complex caused by the bereavement or separation from his mother, sister and wife. The second causes are his longing for the coastal hometown where he left in his boyhood and the colonial reality from losing his fatherland. Unlike Kim`s Journey which aims at the utopia, Park`s journey is the indefinite departure in which there is no clear destination. Considering the `death` which Park often represents in his poems as an `eternal journey`, the concept of `leaving` is a dominant sentiment in his poems. To grasp Park`s attitude towards life, the term `geojeo(거저)` should be examined. `Geojeo` means `with no definite idea` or `without not much surprise`. This terminology is an integration of attitudes regarding existential Nihilism which does not provide special meanings to anything.

이원섭 시 연구

박호영(Park, Ho?young) 한국시학회 2013 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.37

이원섭은 시단 데뷔 때부터 노장 사상의 영향을 받은 작품을 발표하였고, 두 번째 시집이자 마지막 시집인『내가 뱉은 가래침』에 이르러서는 화두까지 제시하며 불교 철학을 시를 통해 전달하고자 한 시인이다. 한 편의 시가 철학성을 지닌다는 것은 독자들에게 삶의 좌표를 깊이 있게 제시할 수 있다는 점에서 고무적인 일이다. 그런 점에서 그는 주목해야 할 시인이다. 그러나 그에 대한 본격적인 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. ?箕山賦? ?竹林圖?를 통해 선보인 그의 시의 지향점은 ‘기산’이나 ‘죽림’ 과 같은 이상향에 대한 동경이었다. 그가 ‘도화원’이란 이상향을 설정한 도연명에 대한 글을 두 번씩이나 발표한 것도 이와 무관하지 않다. 그러나 한국전쟁 전후에 그가 겪은 개인적인 비극은 그로 하여금 절망감을 안겨주었고, 그는 그 트라우마의 극복을 위해 기독교 세계에 관심을 갖게 되었다. 첫 시집 『響尾蛇』에는 당시의 절망감과, 기독교에 영향을 받은 원죄의식이 반영되어 있다. 1960년대 중반 이후 그는 다시 동양적 세계, 특히 불교의 세계로 회귀하게 된다. 물론 『향미사』에서나 그 이후 발표한 글에서도 불교적 관심의 편린을 찾아볼 수 있지만, 1960년대 말이나 1970년대에 이르러 그는 본격적으로 불교에 대한 애착을 보인다. 기독교에 회의를 가지게 된 것은 기독교가 전제적(專制的)이라고 생각한 데에서 기인한 것 같다. 그러나 불교에만 경사된 것이 아니라, 그는 사회에 대한 비판의식도 아울러 지니고 있었다. 이러한 의식의 배후에는 『유마경』이나『당시(唐詩)』 등의 영향이 크다. 『내가뱉은 가래침』은 사회에 대한 불만의 축적물이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 그는 ‘가래침’을 여과 없이 토해내지 않았다. 불교의 교리나 화두를 빌어 우회적으로 그에 담긴 철학을 전달하고자 한 것이다. 공(空) 사상이나 평등사상은 그 철학의 주축을 이룬다. 만해 한용운으로부터 이어지는 철학적인 시의 맥을 위해서도 앞으로 그의 시에 대한 전반적인 연구가 행해져야 하리라 본다. Since launching his career as a poet, Lee Won?sub(Lee) had published poems influenced by the ideology of Taoism. In his second and last collection of poems My Spit(『내가 뱉은 가래침』), Lee even tried to deliver Buddhology through his poems by suggesting ‘Hwadu’[‘Hwadu’ is a special language of Seon masters that blocks all passages for thought and discrimination]. It is noteworthy that Lee provided guidelines of life to the readers by delivering philosophy through poems. However, his works have not been rigorously and earnestly studied until now. Lee’s poetic goal revealed through Gisanboo(?기산부?) and Jookrimdo(?죽림도?) was the admiration on Utopia such as ‘Gisan’ and ‘Jookrim’. In this vein, it is understandable that Lee published twice an essay on Tao Yuanming who set the Utopia of Dohwawon. However, his personal tragedy during the Korean War era drove him to despair and that made him draw attention to Christianity for getting over the trauma. In his first collection of poems Hyangmisa(『향미사』; Hyangmisa referred to rattlesnake.), Lee’s despair and original sin from Christianity are reflected. After mid?1960s, Lee returned to the oriental world, especially to the world of Buddhism. His interests in Buddhism can be observed even in Hyangmisa(『향미사』) or his work afterwards. Lee started to reveal strong attachment to Buddhism from the late?1960s and 1970s. Lee became skeptical about Christianity as he started to consider Christianity as autocracy. Nevertheless, he was not only biased to Buddhism, but also critical?minded about social issues. This was influenced by Yoomakyung(『유마경』) and Thangsi(『당시』). My Spit(『내가 뱉은 가래침』) can be interpreted as an accumulation of social discontent but Lee did not express his complaints without filtering. He tried to deliver Buddhology via ‘Hwadu’ and religious doctrine of Buddhism. Thoughts of nothingness and equality are the mainstream of Buddhology. To continue the legacy of philosophical poems from Manhae Han Yong?woon, rigorous and overall studies on Lee should be progressed.

「유선애상」에 대한 시 해석의 방향

박호영(Park Ho-young) 한국시학회 2011 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.31

The paper provides a direction for interpreting Jeong, Ji-yong’s poem Yuseon -aesang(Yuseon -aesang means ‘sadness for streamlined shape’ in Korean.) which is known for its difficulty in interpretation. It may be reckless since its interpretation is controversial even among scholars. Prior concern in interpreting the text of Yuseon -aesang is the transfer of the information about cultural backgrounds of 1930s. To find the material of the poem, particularly it is essential to know how ‘the streamlined shape’ was viewed by the people at the time. For this, previous researches that provide detailed information regarding ‘the streamlined shape’ will be in use. Based on previous researches, it is figured out that modern people preferred streamlined materials as they are considered to have speed and beauty. Especially to modern girls and boys at Gyeongseong (Gyeongseong is an old name of Seoul.), streamlined automobiles were the object of envy. Observed from the poem and the result from the previous researches, it is reasonable and natural to consider an automobile as a subject of streamlined material. Moreover, because Jeong criticized and negatively viewed the trend of ‘the streamlined shape’, he expressed the emotion of sadness to the automobile. As an extension of his consciousness, he pursued the realm of the landscape poetry after publishing Yuseon -aesang. This paper tried to avoid arbitrary interpretation. In the explanation of words and clauses, the paper defined them in comparison with other texts. Consequently it is summarized as follows: The speaker of the poem felt sorry for the gentlemanlike streamlined automobile which was treated disrespectfully. So, to enjoy the drive, the speaker called a taxi which is a car kept for business. The taxi, however, was worn out and it even had a problem from starting to drive. As the car made smoke and noise, the plan to go to Chuncheon was abandoned and stopped at the flower garden. By turning off the car, it became calm.

일반 논문 : 김광섭 초기시의 낭만적 특성 연구 -환상과 유토피아를 중심으로-

박호영 ( Ho Young Park ) 한국어교육학회(구-한국국어교육연구학회) 2010 국어교육 Vol.0 No.132

Although Kim, Gwang Sub confessed himself about the influence of English Romanticism in his works several times, his romantic vision has not been thoroughly researched. The reasons include Kim`s ideological impressions which were revealed in most of his poems, and his national and resistant activities under the Japanese Imperialism such as the denial of the established social system and the experience of imprison which relatively put his romantic poems in the shade. Above all, his poetic vision has not been studied by focusing on fantasy and utopia. As Kim`s early poems notably contain his romantic vision, and fantasy and utopia are essential for studying it, his romantic vision in early poems should be studied on the basis of the concepts of fantasy and utopia. Kim wrote a poem titled Fantasy and mentioned the word in several poems. The concept of utopia is also presented as spatial background such as `sea` and `house`. His fantasy and utopia are based on the liberation from the reality of colonization like other poets in 1930s including Kim, Young Rang, Lim, Hak Soo and Jang, Man Young. Although Kim recognized the impossibility of realizing dream and ideal, he pursued the world of romantic irony through fantasy where dream and ideal exist. Darkness and night which connote upcoming morning are fantasized in Kim`s poems with the influence of Shelley`s idealism. In addition, his utopia contains the pursuits of past-orientation and future-orientation. The appearance of `sea` is the element showing his past-orientation that he seemed to have nostalgia for his plentiful hometown in the seaside. Kim`s future-orientation is appeared in `country` or `house` that those places mean beautiful world away from the reality which he cannot ultimately reach. As Kim`s poetic vision through fantasy and utopia under the Japanese Imperialism has essence in the liberation from the reality, it can be explained as the response against Japan. In this sense, his vision contains the periodic value. Generally, Kim is often called as a national and resistant poet because of his experiences like imprisonment. This way of interpretation is understandable. However, by closely considering his romantic vision, Kim`s poetic vision will be completely revealed and so a balanced view on Kim`s poems is successfully established in the history of Korean poetry. This is the aim of this paper focusing on fantasy and utopia in Kim`s early poems.

당단백질의 분석 방법과 적용

박호영,Park, Ho-Young 한국식품연구원 2011 食品技術 Vol.24 No.1

해외 기술: Metabolomics : 식품기술의 현재와 미래

박호영,Park, Ho-Young 한국식품연구원 2010 食品技術 Vol.23 No.2

열분해 및 촤 - 공기 반응시의 활성화 에너지 및 빈도계수 분포

박호영(Ho Young Park),김영주(Young Joo Kim) 한국에너지학회 2009 에너지공학 Vol.18 No.1

인문학적 상상력과 서사전략 유배를 제재로 한 현대시의 양상 연구

박호영 ( Ho Young Park ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2011 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.36

Both the Western and Eastern civilization have long history of banishment. In the West, the history of banishment trace back to the remote antiquity when the King of Babylon banished the Jews. According to a research, the history of banishment in Korea started from the Three Kingdoms Period. The history of Korean poem of exile which contains the emotions of exiles started along with that period. Nonetheless, widely known poems of exile are the ones mostly written during the Joseon Dynasty. Various people including prominent figures like Jung, Yak-yong, Kim, Jung-hui, and Kim Man-joong complained the unjust situation through the poems of exile. Through their poems, exiles also showed their wishes to rescind their banishment and expressed their sentiment from the place of exile. As the poems of exile are the pieces written by exiles themselves, poems of exile material are the ones written by the third person about the exiles, their spirits and their cultural heritage. Some of modern poets wrote poems from the historical figures` view that the topics were mostly about unjustly banished exiles, their characters, and their pieces. Furthermore, some other poets reflected their own lives which were no less than banishment to the exile of historical figures. The latter case was more common as Korea underwent Japanese Colonialism, the confrontation of ideologies and military dictatorship. Jung, Il-keun`s Jung, Yak-yong`s Letter from the Place of Exile and Ko, Doo-hyun`s serial poems Anthology of Exile Poetry are the representative works which set an exile figure as a narrator. The special features of this type of poems are the fact that poets themselves speak for the exiles and at the same time they try to deliver the message to the readers. In the poems from which the poets represent the exiles, the main theme is their will to emulate the characteristics and cultural heritage of the historical figures. On the other hand, some poets set themselves as an exile for introspection like in the Collection of Exile Poetry 5. I of Lee, Sung-boo. Among the poems of exile material, another significant category is a poem of Diaspora. The phenomenon of Diaspora dispersed all over the world due to frequent national ordeals. Especially the deportation of Korean Diaspora in Yunhaju of Russia to the Central Asia and the deportation of Joseon migrating farmers to Japan can be considered as banishment because it did not reflect their will. The significance of the poems of exile material is to do the introspection and establish the national identity by reminding the historical agony to the late generations who did not experience the historical ordeal.

줄질잔사유 적용시 발전플랜트의 에너지 수지 및 성능 변화 분석

박호영(Ho Young Park),김태형(Tae Hyung Kim) 한국에너지학회 2008 에너지공학 Vol.17 No.2

석탄회의 용융특성을 고려한 신개념 슬래깅 지수 평가

박호영(Ho Young Park),임현수(Hyeon-Soo Im),김의환(Eui Hwan Kim),김영주(Kim Young Ju),김경수(Kyung Soo Kim),이정은(Jeong Eun Lee) 한국에너지학회 2012 에너지공학 Vol.21 No.4