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An Exact Test Procedure for Variance Components of Random Effect Linear Model
박춘일 한국자료분석학회 2006 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.8 No.5
For the unbalanced linear model, exact test procedures for variance components are available only in restricted cases. In this note, we derive a simultaneous test procedure for the variance components of a general random effect linear model. The test statistic has central F-distribution on the boundary of the hypotheses and the test is exact. Power of the test is given. We also obtain an explicit form of the test statistic for the one-way random model. Under some restrictions on the design matrix, we give an exact test procedure for each random effects.
Size control of azilsartan by drowning-out crystallization with phase transformation
박춘일,김왕수,구기갑 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.4
To complement the insufficient bioavailability of azilsartan, particle size reduction of azilsartan by drowning- out was attempted. By injecting an azilsartan/ethanol solution into the antisolvent of water, two phases of azilsartan, amorphous and crystalline type A, were found along with phase transformation. The crystal size was strongly affected by the operating parameters such as the volume ratio of antisolvent/azilsartan solution, crystallization temperature, and additives. The crystal size decreased upon increasing the antisolvent/azilsartan solution volume ratio and lowering the temperature. Furthermore, addition of carboxylic acids to the antisolvent of water produced nano-meter sized crystals. In particular, 200 nm particles were obtained with acetic acid. An enhancement in the dissolution rate was found for size-reduced azilsartan crystals, especially when the crystals’ sizes were in the nanometer range.
시간이 연속인 마르코프 체인하에서 개체수 과정에 관한 연구
박춘일,김명철 한국항해항만학회 1992 한국항해학회지 Vol.16 No.1
In this paper, the individual number of the future has depended not only upon the present individual number but upon the present individual age, considering the stochastic process model of individual number when the life span of each individual number and the individual age as a set, this becomes a Markovian. Therefore, in this paper the individual is treated as invariable, without depending upon the whole record of each individual since its birth. As a result, suppose {N(t), t>0} be a counting process and also suppose $Z_n$</Tex> denote the life span between the (n-1)st and the nth event of this process, (n{$geq}1$) : that is, when the first individual is established at n=1(time, 0), the Z$Z_n$</Tex> at time nth individual breaks, down. Random walk $Z_n$</Tex> is $Z_n=X_1+X_2+{\cdots}{\cdots}+X_A, Z_0=0$</Tex> So, fixed time t, the stochastic model is made up as follows ; A) Recurrence (Regeneration)number between(0.t) $N_t=max{n ; Z_n{\leq}t}$ B) Forwardrecurrence time(Excess life) $T^-I_t=Z_{Nt+1}-t$ C) Backward recurrence time(Current life) $T^-_t=t-Z_{Nt}$
박춘일 한국통계학회 1996 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.3 No.3
독립인 두 쌍의 확률변수에 대한 두 쌍의 복합형태는 비상관 종속인 순서쌍들과 독립인 쌍들로 나타낼수 있다.
Optimality and Duality for Multiple Objective Nonconvex Optimization Problems
박춘일 한국자료분석학회 2007 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.9 No.3
Optimality theorems of Fritz John type are established for multiple objective nonconvex optimization problems. Dual problems are given for these problems and it is shown that duality theorems hold without any form of constraint qualifications. We introduce some theorems about convex, pseudoconvex, and quasiconvex cases. Also, we explain of differences between these convex. The weak and strong duality relating (P) and (D) is proved in this paper. So, we recommend the differences among convex, pseudoconvex, and quasiconvex cases using the optimality and duality. Theorems of optimality and duality will give us information about convex.
저빈도 - 고강도 경피신경전기자극이 혈장 β-endorphin 과 ACTH , 혈청 Cortisol 및 요중 17-OHCS 농도에 미치는 영향
박춘서,이재형 대한물리치료학회 1994 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electroanalgeia and β-endorphin action by acupuneture-like (LoF/HiI) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to acupuncture points. Twelve healthy adult male aged between 19 and 25 were randomly assigned to TENS group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=6). Subjects of both groups were strongly stimulated TENS with 9 pps and 200 ㎲ for 30 minutes on the LI 3 and LI 10 meridian points of dominant arm. Naloxone group was injected naloxone hydrochloride before TENS application. The experimental pain threshold was measured by chronaxie meter CX-2 on the distal end of radius just before and after TENS application. The levels of plasma (β-endorphin and ACTH, serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were analyzed by radloimmunoassay (RIA) kits before and after TENS application. In TENS group, there was a significant increase of experimental pain threshold (p$lt;0.01), plasma β-endorphin level (p$lt;0.05), serum cortisol level (p$lt;0.001) and urinary 17-OHCS levels (p$lt;0.05) after TENS application. The plasma ACTH level was not significantly increased, but it showed an increasing tendency. In naloxone group, although there was a decreasing trend, ACTH and cortisol level did not show a significant change, but β-endorphin and 17-OHCS level were significantly decreased (p$lt;0.01). The result of this study showed that acupuncture-like TENS induced analgesic effect, such that the levels of plasma β-endorphin, plasma ACTH, serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were concomitantly increased with experimental pain threshold.It is suggested that the analgesic mechanism of the acupuncture-like TENS probably related to endogenous opioid component such as β-endorphin.
농촌 거주 중년 비만여성을 위한 비만관리 프로그램의 효과
박춘임,우진주 한국농촌간호학회 2016 한국농촌간호학회지 Vol.11 No.1
mass index (BMI) in middle-aged women following a 12 week exercise program. Methods: The obesity management program for primary health care posts, which consists of exercise therapy and dietary counseling, was provided for obese women aged 40 to 64 (N=15). General characteristics of the women and differences in body weight and BMI before and after the program were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: The major findings of this study are as follows; Average body weight before the program was 65.7 kg, and it was significantly reduced to 63.9 kg after the program (z = -3.41, p = .001). The average level of BMI decreased considerably from 27.9 kg/m2 to 27.2 kg/m2 (z = -3.41, p = .001). Conclusion: The findings from this study show a significant decrease in body weight and BMI after the program. Continuous study is needed to develop a variety of obesity management programs for middle-aged obese women. When developing programs regional characteristics need to be considered and there is a need to confirm the effectiveness of the programs.