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박춘서,송석일,신재룡,유재수 한국정보과학회 2002 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol. No.
Generally, multi-dimensional data such as image and spatial data require large amount of storage space. There is a limit to store and manage those large amount of data in single workstation. If we manage the data on parallel computing environment which is being actively researched these days, we can get highly improved performance. In this paper, we propose a parallel high-dimensional index structure that exploits the parallelism of the parallel computing environment. The proposed index structure is nP(processor)-n×mD(disk) architecture which is the hybrid type of nP-nD and 1P-nD. Its node structure increases fan-out and reduces the height of a index tree. Also, A range search algorithm that maximizes I/O parallelism is devised, and it is applied to K-nearest neighbor queries. Through various experiments, it is shown that the proposed method outperforms other parallel index structures. 일반적으로 이미지나 공간 데이타베이스와 같은 다차원의 특징을 갖는 데이타들은 대용량의 저장공간을 요구한다. 이 대량의 데이타를 하나의 워크스테이션에 저장하고 검색을 수행하는 데는 한계가 있다. 최근 활발히 연구되고 있는 병렬 컴퓨팅 환경에서 이들에 대한 저장 및 검색을 수행한다면 훨씬 더 높은 성능 향상을 가져 올 수 있을 것이다. 이 논문에서는 기존에 존재하는 병렬 컴퓨팅 환경의 장점을 최대한 이용하는 병렬 고차원 색인구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 색인구조는 nP(프로세서)-nD(디스크)와 1P-nD의 결합 형태인 nP-n×mD의 구조라고 볼 수 있다. 노드 구조는 팬-아웃을 증가시키고 트리의 높이를 줄일 수 있도록 설계되었다. 또한 I/O의 병렬성을 최대화하는 범위 탐색 알고리즘을 제안하고 이것을 K-최근접 탐색 알고리즘에 적용하여 탐색 성능향상을 꾀한다. 마지막으로, 다양한 환경에서의 실험을 통해 제안하는 색인구조의 탐색 성능을 테스트하고 기존에 제안된 병렬 다차원 색인구조와의 비교를 통해 제안한 방법의 우수함을 보인다.
저빈도 - 고강도 경피신경전기자극이 혈장 β-endorphin 과 ACTH , 혈청 Cortisol 및 요중 17-OHCS 농도에 미치는 영향
박춘서,이재형 대한물리치료학회 1994 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electroanalgeia and β-endorphin action by acupuneture-like (LoF/HiI) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to acupuncture points. Twelve healthy adult male aged between 19 and 25 were randomly assigned to TENS group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=6). Subjects of both groups were strongly stimulated TENS with 9 pps and 200 ㎲ for 30 minutes on the LI 3 and LI 10 meridian points of dominant arm. Naloxone group was injected naloxone hydrochloride before TENS application. The experimental pain threshold was measured by chronaxie meter CX-2 on the distal end of radius just before and after TENS application. The levels of plasma (β-endorphin and ACTH, serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were analyzed by radloimmunoassay (RIA) kits before and after TENS application. In TENS group, there was a significant increase of experimental pain threshold (p$lt;0.01), plasma β-endorphin level (p$lt;0.05), serum cortisol level (p$lt;0.001) and urinary 17-OHCS levels (p$lt;0.05) after TENS application. The plasma ACTH level was not significantly increased, but it showed an increasing tendency. In naloxone group, although there was a decreasing trend, ACTH and cortisol level did not show a significant change, but β-endorphin and 17-OHCS level were significantly decreased (p$lt;0.01). The result of this study showed that acupuncture-like TENS induced analgesic effect, such that the levels of plasma β-endorphin, plasma ACTH, serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were concomitantly increased with experimental pain threshold.It is suggested that the analgesic mechanism of the acupuncture-like TENS probably related to endogenous opioid component such as β-endorphin.